The second light in the house is an architectural technique for expanding space in the interior

Advantages of frame houses

The frame construction technology has a large number of advantages that make it the most popular among other technologies for the construction of residential buildings.

• Low cost compared to other construction technologies. Houses made of brick, any building stone, solid or glued beams will cost much more. Low cost is formed due to savings on the foundation. Since, unlike stone houses, the foundation does not need to be so massive and deep. The total cost of the main material from which a square meter of construction is formed will also be cheaper than other alternatives.
• Fast construction speed. On average, it takes 4-5 months from the start of construction work to the final completion of the frame of the house, along with the roof and exterior decoration of the facade for a house of 150 square meters. The terms for the construction of houses of a smaller area are being built even faster.
• Suitable for any type of soil.Due to the relatively low weight, frame houses can be mounted even on unstable peat soils. In this case, the correct selection of the foundation is necessary.

frame houses are built faster

• Mobility of a frame house. Oversized country houses, household outbuildings placed on pile and column foundations can be moved to another territory using special techniques, without losing the strength and structural integrity of the building.
• Freedom of redevelopment. Inside the frame house there are no load-bearing walls, the whole structure is a single strong construct. And this means that there are no restrictions on the internal layout. It is possible to realize any design fantasy, without causing harm to the house.

inside a frame house

• No shrinkage. It is due to the fact that during construction, wood is used not as the main material for the walls, but as the skeleton of the house. Subject to technology, wood is used as dry as possible, with a minimum degree of moisture. The emptiness of the wall itself is filled not with wood materials that are subject to shrinkage, but with heaters. This property of a frame house allows you to start interior and exterior decoration, immediately after the construction of the house box.
• Internal communications. The width and hollowness of the walls allows you to hide plumbing communications and well-protected electrical wiring inside, without much labor. It is much easier to get to communications in a frame wall for its repair than to do it in the wall of a stone house.

all frame house communications can be hidden in the wall

• Seismic resistance and wind resistance.The design of the frame house, withstands earthquakes up to 9 points, without damage. In this regard, such houses are actively built in seismically active areas. The frame, mounted according to the technology, is not afraid of strong winds and is not blown through.
• All-weather construction. Such a house can be built both in winter at low temperatures and in summer. The only conditions in which any construction work should be stopped are high humidity and precipitation. Since the main material is wood that absorbs moisture well.
• Warm house. Frame construction technology is well suited for northern latitudes and is actively used in these regions. That speaks about the high heat efficiency of frame houses.

frame houses can be built in winter

Durability. Subject to the installation technology, the structural design of the house lasts up to 100 years, but major repairs of the walls must be carried out, on average, every 25 years.

Ecological safety and pleasant microclimate. The main building material of the house is natural wood. Inside the house there will always be a pleasant smell of fresh wood. The environmental friendliness of the house can be influenced by the material that will be chosen as wall insulation

Therefore, the environmental friendliness of the insulation should be given special attention.

History of occurrence

The idea of ​​a second world has its roots in Roman times. It was then that the technique of making glass windows first appeared, and in order to illuminate the front room as much as possible, additional glazing of the ceiling was made along the top.

During the Middle Ages, colored stained glass windows were widely used. Then the rooms were illuminated not only by the second, but sometimes by the third light.A similar design could be found in the royal palaces and castles of noble courtiers.

The apogee of the era of the use of double lighting in the home was the period of the spread of Gothic architecture. In those days, columns reinforced with supports, and castles with high floors became widespread. The inter-window space was completely filled with panoramic stained-glass windows with religious images. Only wealthy nobles could afford such architectural projects.

In Russia, double-light technology became widespread later. A classic example is the building of the Hermitage in St. Petersburg. However, after the revolution, technology gave way to simpler solutions, so the scope of the second light was limited to public buildings and structures.

No. 11. Asan project

This project is ideal for the construction of a country house, where you will periodically come to relax. With a relatively small area (only 108 m2), the house has 4 bedrooms. All of them are compact in size (area 8-9 m2). From the hall on the second floor there is an exit to the balcony.

The first floor is a common area. There is a relatively spacious living room, kitchen, bathroom and utility room. A small closet can fit in the vestibule. Since the house has only one bathroom and no dressing rooms, it can be considered for periodic visits by a large company - permanent residence of more than 4 people will be difficult here. Also, the project will appeal to a small family, which often hosts guests.

Disadvantages of frame houses

frame houses are fire hazardous

• Low resistance to mechanical damage.Skeleton according to this indicator loses to stone houses and houses made of timber. Well withstanding driving cataclysms, the wall of the frame house is subjected to targeted damage by man and equipment.
• Low noise isolation. Loud noises in neighboring rooms and on the street will be heard inside the house. Therefore, a frame house is more suitable for country and country life. The problem of hearing between rooms can be solved by installing noise insulation in the interior walls.
• Vibration inside the house. The specificity of the material and design features contribute to vibrations in the walls and base of the house, under mechanical stress, heavy and fast walking, and shocks. This property disturbs the calmness of the residents and slowly, but leads to the loss of rigidity of some sections of the house structure. This problem is eliminated if you build a frame house on a concrete or any monolithic stone foundation, on one floor. Ideally, the frame is erected on a reinforced concrete slab. Such a slab as a foundation will not require such costs as for a heavy stone house, since its thickness should be minimal. Then, when jumping and walking around the house, vibrations will not be heard.

in a frame house, when walking, vibration is felt and noises are clearly audible

• High susceptibility to dampness and decay. Wooden structures prone to the formation of fungus and mold in case of increased dampness. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly observe the technology of building a frame house, calculate and take into account the dew point dew point (more about the dew point), install good ventilation and waterproofing of the walls of the house. Do not allow high humidity in the house.Wet points in the house, such as the kitchen, bathroom and bathroom, should be finished with waterproof materials.
• Insects and rodents are planted. Such manifestations can be minimized by high-quality processing of materials with special insect impregnation. Use special ecowool as a heater, and not cheap insulation materials, such as foam, in which rodents can equip their homes.

mice can get in the wall of a frame house

• fragility. Compared to stone houses and timber houses, the period of operation of a frame house before the first overhaul is relatively short. And the average is about 25-30 years.
• The risk of unskilled installation at home. A simple construction technology allows foremen and firms to allow unskilled workers to work, who in general are only familiar with the technology of building a frame house. Such teams, of course, will build a house for you, but there is a high risk that all the subtleties and nuances of construction will not be observed, due to the unskilled workers. The catch is that the violation of the technology will not be visually visible, but will begin to manifest itself over the next months, and not even years, of operation. And for a frame house, a violation of construction technology is fraught with the occurrence of irreversible decay processes and rapid destruction.

in case of violation of the installation technology, the frame structure quickly rots

To prevent such situations, you should contact trusted qualified construction companies, preferably with a narrow construction focus, which give a guarantee for soybean work, and carry out periodic monitoring of construction.

Low liquidity.As practice shows, a house of frame construction technology does not pay for itself during the sale and is not in great demand.

Taking into account all the advantages and disadvantages of frame construction, we can conclude that with qualified observance, worked out for centuries, construction technology, taking into account the use of modern high-quality materials, frame house is one of the the most affordable, efficient and cost-effective options for building a house. Using a combination of modern materials in frame construction technology, all its shortcomings can be reduced to almost zero and enjoy a durable environmentally friendly home ownership.

Using a combination of modern materials in frame construction technology, all its shortcomings can be reduced to almost zero and enjoy a durable environmentally friendly home ownership.

Prefabricated

A small, about 5 people, construction team will spend about 3-4 weeks on the construction of a frame house with an area of ​​about 100 m2. This is not counting the foundation, but taking into account the laying of the pile-screw foundation, this period can be increased by month. After which you can immediately proceed to the finishing work, because the frame house does not shrink, unlike timber houses (it is necessary to pause from several months to six months) or round logs (shrinkage here can last several years, but especially actively in the first year). The ease of laying engineering systems also affects the speed of construction - for example, drilling a wooden wall is much easier than a stone one.The ability to lay wiring, pipes and ventilation ducts inside the walls undoubtedly adds to the aesthetics of the room, eliminating the need for their "masking".

Bearing frame of the house

Laying electrical wiring in the walls of a frame house

Another plus is the absence of so-called "wet cycles", which makes it possible to carry out construction work in any time of the year (although, of course, it is better to carry them out at low humidity) and not depend on the presence of water.

Victoria:

“We started construction with our neighbors almost at the same time - in the spring. Later, our friends joked about us, saying that we were just like three little pigs - we built a frame house, the neighbors on the left - from a bar, and a little further - from a brick. Let's just say that we finished the initial stage with pouring the foundation almost simultaneously, but it took us two weeks to solidify the foundation, and almost a month, if not more, for the tape foundation, under a brick house. We started building walls from timber (neighbors) and put up the frame (we) almost at the same time, and we also finished it, only we almost immediately started finishing, and the neighbors practically, for this year, almost finished the work. And when we already had, in fact, the house, walls and roof, the distant neighbors had just begun to lay bricks on the walls. Of course, if funds allowed, the house would be completely ready by autumn, but we decided to do the interior decoration ourselves. Good, special problems there were no walls OSB-boards do not need to be leveled, plastering is easy, without problems, the main thing is to seal the joints well.”

Magnificent view of a frame house against the backdrop of a forest and a lake

Frame house in Art Nouveau style

Cosy frame house with glass facade

Techniques for increasing the height of the room

You can raise the ceiling up with the help of such not tricky tricks absolutely in any apartment or house - now a room will not "crush" with its nondescriptness and darkness. We have already talked about possible options for increasing the height with wallpaper. But there are several other ways to make the area taller and more spacious.

Having set yourself the goal of making the room visually larger and taller, give up horizontal lines. They should be as small as possible - both in the decoration of walls, floors and ceilings, and in other visual planes.

To visually increase the height of the ceiling give up horizontal lines in the interior

If you are at the stage of a deep renovation, and plan to change the floors, then be sure to remove the old wooden ones. Make a new screed on which you can lay more modern floor coverings - this way you can win a few centimeters.

So that in one of the rooms the transition from low to high is not so clearly visible, you can remove excess space in higher rooms. This compensation effect will smooth out the impression when moving from a low room. For this technique, the installation of false ceilings in higher rooms is ideal.

Remove excess space will help false ceiling

What it is?

Houses with a second light are equipped in an unusual way. They have a large living room without a ceiling. This means that the space of the room freely goes up two floors.

The ceiling is missing not in the entire building, but only over one large room, which can be viewed from a height by climbing the stairs to the second floor.

The palaces of many European monarchs and Russian tsars were arranged in this way. This made it possible to have a huge throne room for a large crowd of people, in which there was a lot of natural light, it was easy to breathe, and the ceilings did not dominate overhead. Soon the big houses of rich people got their own bunk halls. They received guests and held balls.

Today, restaurants, train stations, hotels and other public buildings resort to similar projects in order to increase the comfort of the main hall in the building with the help of volume and light. Recently, the owners of private houses also began to turn to the techniques of the second light. The unusual layout makes their home original, gives out the extraordinary taste and character of the owners.

You need to understand that not every house is suitable for arranging a second light in it. The building must have a total area of ​​120 m and a ceiling height of no more than three meters. Designation in the project of the second light is possible in the following cases:

if the building consists of several floors;

The device of the second light is achieved in one of two ways.

1. The ceiling covering between floors, attic or attic is removed.
2. The room of the hall is lowered down, occupying part of the basement space. From the front door you have to go down the stairs. For glazing, large panoramic windows or other types of window openings are often used to enhance the natural flow of light. The second option saves space for additional space.

A feature of the planning of premises with the presence of a second light is the well-thought-out heating of the living room and its ventilation. Warm air from the room rises and heats the actual non-residential space, while the habitable part remains cold.You can solve the problem by arranging additional radiators and a “warm floor” system in the room.

The interior of the hall with a double tier of windows requires a special selection of curtains. They should not interfere with enjoying the increased flow of light, but they have to hide the space from prying eyes in the dark. To do this, shutters, Roman or roller blinds are installed on the second floor, operating on the control panel.

The layout with a second light justifies itself in regions with low solar activity, additional windows make the main room in the house brighter and more comfortable. In warm areas with southern windows, you should be prepared for furniture, finishes and decor to burn out.

You should not get carried away with glass facades in unguarded villages or in places with a high level of crime. It makes no sense to arrange glazing on two floors, if windows open on a neighbor's fence or in another unsightly place.

No. 4. Project "Family"

The name of this project speaks for itself. A huge house with an area of ​​308 m2 will be an excellent option as for permanent residence of a large family, and for recreation outside the city. This house has a lot of features, the main one is the second light. This means that the height of the ceilings above some of the rooms on the first floor has been increased, and the owners have a huge scope for imagination in order to create a unique interior.

On the ground floor of a comfortable and large house, according to the project, there is a spacious living room of 28 m2 (like some studio apartments, by the way) and a kitchen-dining room of 20 m2 - a large family and numerous guests will be accommodated. Also on the ground floor there is a bedroom, which is located near the bath.A full-fledged home SPA zone is the highlight of the project. Part of the house is reserved for a bathhouse and a recreation area around it. In the recreation area, by the way, several simulators can easily fit. There is a shower room and a guest toilet next door. The project provides for the location on the ground floor of a large bathroom. Its area (15 m2) allows you to organize a small pool there or a decent-sized bath with a jacuzzi - this is at the discretion of the owners. From this room there is a separate exit to the terrace. There are four doors in the house leading to the street.

The owner of such a house is clearly a successful business person, so the project provides for an office so that you can always retire and focus on business issues. To ensure maximum comfort for residents, the house has a place for a pantry, there is a technical room.

The second floor is a spacious hall from which part of the first floor is visible. Here you can organize another recreation area. From the hall you can get into three bedrooms, one large and two smaller ones with access to one shared balcony. On the second floor there is a separate bathroom, so that everyone will be comfortable. The project is suitable for those who want to quickly build a large house where they can have a good rest.

The second light in the house - what is it?

In fact, this is a huge room with several rows of window openings and a high ceiling. Due to the lack of overlap between floors, the room turns out to be combined and very spacious, and being in it, one gets the impression of a bright and airy space. Such a decision in architecture is permissible only for spacious houses with an area of ​​​​more than 200 square meters. m. At the same time, the double row of window openings in these houses has a practical and interior function.

Double light in modern buildings is done more to create an entourage than to illuminate, since it is impossible to recreate it, even using the most ideal artificial light sources.

The second light in the house - a tribute to fashion or a necessity?

There are several ways to create a room with double light: remove ceilings or lower the floor.

• The first option involves the rejection of a room on the second floor, which means that the height of the ceilings in the living room will increase.
• The second option is used much more often, however, for its implementation it is necessary to install steps into the living room from the corridor.

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Prices

In Russia, in conditions of weak technical regulation and lack of state control over low-rise housing construction, the price of a house is determined not so much by materials as by other factors, the main of which is the quality of construction. In addition, the relevance of the project, the level of engineering equipment and finishes play an important role. Therefore, a frame house can cost more than a log house, but only the first one will be built according to modern rules, and the second one will be built according to outdated technology, carelessly, saving on everything except wall material.

On the other hand, there are also extremely cheap options on the market in the so-called minimum configuration (1 m2 costs no more than 10 thousand rubles). However, such a house is unlikely to please the customer: it will have low ceilings, poor heat and sound insulation, primitive engineering systems and unimportant finishes. Meanwhile, it is difficult, unprofitable, and often even impossible to upgrade a building to an acceptable level.

Light will help

How to visually increase the size of a room with lighting and natural light? This is not at all difficult, and will make even a very small room cozy and spacious. There are several techniques used by designers when creating a visual gimmick. Again, we return to the topic of optical illusion.

With the right arrangement, the light visually enlarges the space.

Proper use of lighting in a room is an art that greatly enhances the interior and complements the design of the room. With the skillful arrangement of lighting fixtures, flat light creates a new style and visually enlarges the space. Before we move on to lighting fixtures, let's take a look at natural light sources.

In a miniature apartment with small rooms, you definitely need to get rid of narrow and small windows. Replace them with as large and wide as possible so that both the northern and southern window openings let in the maximum amount of sun.

Maximize windows if possible

Natural lighting will bring the room not only an increase, but also a great mood for all residents and guests of the apartment. At the same time, you can significantly save on electricity, because you will use the maximum amount of daylight, natural light.

A small room will become visually larger if you hang a mirror opposite the window - this will help sunlight reflected off mirror surface and give the room space and comfort at the same time.

Mirror surface opposite the window

Of course, the above techniques using sunlight will help expand the room a little, but you still can’t do without additional artificial decorative lighting.Oddly enough, for small areas, a chandelier would be an excellent option - but only with the ability to adjust the height. Thus, lighting will give not only excellent visibility and comfortable movement, but also allow you to create space. The bright and wide light of the chandelier fits perfectly into small room interior.

Height adjustable chandelier - great for a small room

If the prospect of installing a chandelier You do not like, you can apply another way to visually expand the space - purchase spotlights. Such lighting will be an excellent addition to the chosen interior, and will also become an excellent multifunctional device (some models can operate in several modes, including romantic lighting). Spot devices should be placed in the same row, but the distance between each lamp should be determined depending on your wishes. Each centimeter gives the interior its expressiveness and original, cozy atmosphere.

Spotlights as a way to expand space

LED or halogen lamps are best suited for small rooms, especially when illuminating individual interior details - bookshelves, paintings, cabinets, and so on. Also, these devices of modern industry have a long service life, consume a small amount of electricity, and also perfectly illuminate the room. Many of them are installed along the walls, which provides a visual deepening of the room - artificial light is reflected from the walls, and gives just such an effect.

LED lighting along the walls

If there are separate dark areas in the room, you can illuminate them with floor lamps - place the device between massive furniture (armchair and sofa) - a large amount of light will be provided.

A floor lamp will illuminate the dark corners of the room

Visually lengthen the area will help the uniform installation of ceiling lights - the lighting will be perfectly even and will help make the room wider, longer. To prevent light from being absorbed, do not use dark, non-shiny surface textures when installing ceiling light fixtures. Smooth, glossy light-colored materials will help increase the amount of light, which means visually expand the room.

Glossy ceiling will increase the amount of light

Additional sources of artificial lighting will also help: sconces, small lamps, separate illumination of cornices or beds. LEDs with a bright color (maximum white) will help to completely remove the darkness, which means making the room wider and larger.

Do not forget to always open the curtains during the daytime - sunlight not only helps to expand the space, but also improves mood, gives cheerfulness and positive energy.