Do-it-yourself plumbing in a private country house: rules for arrangement

Types of water supply of a private house

Regardless of whether water supply is being installed in an inhabited building or laid during the construction of a new one, its design and installation must be approached very responsibly.

When arranging a bathroom and sewerage, the calculated indicator increases three times. For watering the garden and green spaces, a water consumption of at least 5 liters per square meter is assumed. meter. When connecting the water supply system of a private house to centralized networks, a pipeline is inserted, for which permission is required.A well is most often a source of water supply for a country house, independent of centralized systems.

The supply of water to a private house is often arranged on the basis of a mine well. Water supply from the well can be organized according to the summer or winter scheme. Regardless source type autonomous water supply system includes the outer and inner parts, each of them requires competent design. It turns out that the volume of water consumption of a country house is quite large. Therefore, the choice of water source must be approached as responsibly as possible.

The owner can choose between decentralized and centralized water supply. In the first option, a well, well, etc. will become a source of water supply. In the second, there is a water supply network that feeds his settlement.

A well-designed and equipped plumbing system of a private house fully provides all the needs of residents for water, both cold and hot

Central water supply

The easiest option to implement, involving the connection of an intra-house water supply to a centralized water supply line.

To make such a connection, the homeowner will need to submit an application to the organization involved in the operation of the centralized highway. The document will be reviewed, after which a decision will be made to allow or deny the connection.

To connect to a centralized water supply network, the owner of the house must obtain permission from the organization operating it. You should also obtain a list of conditions for connection, which indicates the place and method of connection, the depth of pipe laying for entering the water collector well, etc.

In the first case, an official permit is required, which specifies the conditions for connection and water use.

Along with it, detailed recommendations are issued with a diagram that indicates the best ways to make a connection with various options for laying the pipeline.

Further, the owner can independently engage in pipe laying or use the services of specialists.

Autonomous water supply

It is assumed that water will be supplied to the house from a river, a well, a well, etc.

It is important that the water intake is at least 20 m away from the septic tank, cesspool and similar objects.

It is optimal to drill a well or dig a well at a minimum distance from the house. This will save on pipes and facilitate plumbing maintenance. Before carrying out work, it is necessary to make sure that the source can provide the required water consumption.

The source of water for the autonomous water supply system of a private house can be a well, a well or an open reservoir, the water of which meets the requirements of SES

In this case, the well is considered the best option, which must be equipped with a powerful pump. Only in this way it will be possible to provide a volume of water sufficient to serve all the needs of residents.

Installation of plumbing equipment and other components of the system

Before installing pipes, prepare their locations as much as possible. For the installation process, you will need scissors for trimming them, a tape measure and a welding soldering iron. It is recommended to free up space from unnecessary elements. It is mandatory to install rubber gaskets in the docking points. Their absence will lead to leaks.When installing, it should be noted that the slope of the pipes in relation to the main riser from the equipment should be within 3 cm per 1 m of the pipe. In cases where a tee system is used, stainless steel taps are required at each new branch.

Shower and bath installation

For the correct functioning of the shower cabin or bathtub, the following points should be considered during installation:

• Supply of electricity (with additional insulation from moisture), hot and cold water, sewerage;
• The outlet of the cabin sewerage according to the standard should not exceed 70 mm from the floor surface to the sewer pipe (if this parameter is exceeded, an additional installation of the podium should be carried out);
• Mandatory application of sealant to the joints.
• Drain installation involves the following processes:
  • Connecting the drain hose of the cabin or bath to the sewer drain;
  • Sealant treatment of joints;
  • Installation of a sealing gasket in the drain hole;
  • Silicone surface treatment.
• If there is a branch, a stainless steel faucet should be installed.

Installation of a sink, washbasin, washstand

What are the main points to consider when installing such equipment?

1. The correct comparison of the size of the supply pipes and the location of the washbasin, sink or sink.
2. Installation of stainless taps (if this element is included in the overall scheme of the system).
3. Sealing works must be carried out exclusively on dry fittings (it is possible to use a household hair dryer).
4. Avoid contact of hands with mating surfaces.
5. Install paronite gaskets between the plastic parts and the metal conductive pipe.
6. Trimming of standard fittings (a slight deviation during cutting will lead to leakage at the junction).
7. Mandatory application of lubricant (silicone sealant) to gaskets.
8. According to the recommendations of SNiP, the installation height of plumbing is 80-85 cm.

Recommendations for installing a toilet

Modern models of toilet bowls provide special holes for fixing the device to the floor surface. Equipment installation is carried out according to the following principle:

• Connecting the device to the sewerage using a corrugated outlet;
• Installing the corrugation seal on the outlet steamer of the toilet bowl;
• Sealing the joint between the toilet and the floor.

Connecting the water supply and sewerage requires the following steps:

• Connecting a flexible hose using a FUM tape;
• Installation of a stainless steel cut-off valve on the pipe;
• Fixing the outlet pipe into the socket of the sewer pipe.

Sewer installation

Sewer pipes are connected to the fitting with a hermetic rubber band. The percentage of the slope is from two to fifteen units - the difference between the end at the beginning and end of the pipe should be from 2 to 15 cm. When changing the direction of the sewer, the degree of turn should be made greater than the direct one. Pipes providing connection to the riser must be connected at an angle of less than 45°.

Installation of a washing machine, dishwasher and other similar equipment

Installation of plumbing fixtures such as washing machines, dishwashers, etc. requires compliance with the following requirements:

• In the absence of a check valve, they are not installed without taking into account the level limit (outlet hose location) - the manufacturer specifies this parameter on an individual basis.
• Mandatory installation of a siphon to prevent leaks.
• Provision of stationary water drainage.
• The equipment is connected to the plumbing system using 3/4 inch hoses. Additionally, rubber gaskets should be installed.

Rules for the construction of external sewerage

All rules are based on the requirements of construction (SNiP 02.04.03-85 "Sewerage. External networks and structures") and environmental standards that guarantee a safe and reliable external sewer system.

1. The exit from the building of the house and the occurrence of the external pipeline should be 30-50 cm below the level at which the soil can freeze, since even additional insulation does not guarantee that the pipes will not be damaged as a result of freezing.
2. The location on the site of autonomous sewage tanks is strictly standardized on the location of the residential building, sources of drinking water and the neighboring site, and on the type of treatment system. From the house, the minimum distance to the treatment systems should be as follows:

• for a cesspool - 15 m;
• for an overflow well - 12 m;
• for a septic tank - 5 m;
• for a biological treatment station - 3 m.

Location of autonomous sewerage

From the well or drinking well, the drain well must be at least 20 m away, and from the central water supply - 10 m.

In addition, for biological treatment systems, it is important that the distance from the house to them is not too large in order to avoid cooling the drains. After all, cold water can adversely affect the performance of activated sludge.

1. The pipe leading from the house to the tank must also pass at an inclination, the value of which is calculated according to the same principle as for internal wiring. However, in practice, another 20-25% is added. In addition, the pipe, if possible, should not have bends and turns.
2. Of particular importance is the strength of the material from which the outer pipes are made, as they must withstand the pressure of the soil. The best option is a corrugated plastic metallized pipe. At the same time, its inner surface must be smooth in order to avoid overgrowing of pipes with suspensions.

At the stage of planning an external drainage system, it is also necessary to calculate at what depth the pipe leading the drains out of the house will enter the autonomous sewage tank.

To do this, use the formula h₂=h₁+l*k+g, where:

• h₁ - the depth of the entry point into the well;
• h₂ - the depth of the place where the pipe exits from the house;
• l is the distance between the house and the drive;
• k - coefficient showing the slope of the pipe;
• d is the difference between the level of the inlet and outlet of the pipe, taking into account the degree of inclination of the section.

These are generally accepted rules for different types of autonomous sewage. To date, there is a huge variety of designs for local treatment of domestic wastewater, before the installation of which a separate project is being developed.

Scheme of the sewer network

Thus, the entire process of designing a sewerage system for a private house includes:

• determining the quantity, location of plumbing equipment;
• the choice of a place for the central riser and the exit of the house sewer;
• determination of the method of wastewater evacuation: a central drainage system or house shedding;
• choice of installation location and type of autonomous sewerage, if required;
• development of a diagram of all intra-house wiring, indicating the dimensions, the angle of inclination of the pipes, or the installation location of the circulation pump, the type and area of ​​\u200b\u200bconnections of pipes and equipment;
• indication in the diagram of the location of the riser and the outlet of the fan pipe;
• drawing up an external sewerage scheme indicating the angle of inclination of the outlet pipe, the depth of its occurrence and the junction with the central or adjacent sewer system;
• an indication in the project of the installation site and type of an autonomous wastewater collection and treatment system.

Video - Laying sewer pipes

fan pipe

Slope angle of sewer pipes

Scheme of the sewer network

Location of autonomous sewerage

Laying sewerage in a private house

Sewerage design option in a private house

Water seal example

sewerage project

Sewerage project in a private house

Types of garden aqueduct

There are two ways to lay a pipeline in a country house - summer and seasonal (capital). Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Summer option

The method of ground installation of a water supply system in summer cottages is used to organize the irrigation of vegetable beds, berry bushes, and fruit trees. Ground water supply is used to supply a bathhouse, a summer kitchen, a garden house.

The seasonal plumbing system is a ground loop with long fittings at the branching point. If the site is used exclusively during the warm period, it is reasonable to lay pipes on the surface. Such a system is easy to dismantle for the winter to prevent theft of materials in the off-season.

On a note! To avoid damage to communications by agricultural equipment, summer water supply is laid on special supports.

The main convenience of seasonal polyethylene plumbing is its mobility. If necessary, the configuration can be changed in 10-15 minutes. It is enough to add or remove a few meters of pipe or run it in a different direction.

Irrigation system

Scheme

Temporary summer water supply at the dacha from HDPE pipes is assembled and disassembled with their own hands according to the principle of a children's designer.

Typical scheme of country water supply

The network diagram is drawn up with reference to a detailed site plan. The drawing marks the location of green spaces, water intake points, a house, a shower, a washbasin.

Important! Pipes are laid with a slope towards the water intake point. At the lowest point of the system provide for the installation of a drain valve

capital system

If the site is capitally equipped and used all year round, it is wise to spend time and money on installing a capital plumbing system. The principle of connecting elements in this case does not change. The difference lies in the additional installation of compressor equipment and the closed location. To equip a permanent water supply, communications are laid in trenches below the freezing depth of the soil.

Entering HDPE pipes into the house

Warming

The depth of soil freezing in different regions of the Russian Federation differs significantly. To avoid breaking communications at the time of sudden temperature fluctuations, it is recommended to insulate them.

For the insulation of a capital water supply system from HDPE in a summer cottage, the following materials are used:

1. Basalt insulation in the form of finished cylindrical modules.
2. Fiberglass cloth in rolls. You will need to buy roofing felt to protect the warm layer from getting wet.
3. Styrofoam. Reusable folding modules from two halves, which are used repeatedly, are mounted simply and quickly.

Insulation for pipes made of foamed polyethylene According to statistics, the depth of soil freezing in winter in Russia exceeds 1 meter. For clay and loam of Moscow and the region, this is ...

On a note! Water under high pressure does not freeze. If a receiver is installed in the system, there is no need for additional thermal insulation of the water supply.

In capital construction, when laying a pipeline to a shallow depth, a heating cable is laid parallel to the system and connected to a grounded power source.

Defrosting water and sewer pipes Russia is located in a harsh climatic region, so in winter and early spring there is a risk ...

How to choose?

Manufacturers offer several types of polyethylene pipes to choose from. First of all, products are distinguished by the type of transported medium.

For the production of gas pipes, special additives are used that change the composition of water. It is strictly forbidden to use gas pipes with yellow markings for the plumbing system!

To assemble the pipeline underground, two types of polyethylene are used:

1. HDPE PE 100, manufactured in accordance with GOST 18599-2001. Product diameter — 20 to 1200 mm. Such pipes are made black with a longitudinal blue stripe along the entire length.
2. HDPE PE PROSAFE, produced in accordance with GOST 18599-2001, TU 2248-012-54432486-2013, PAS 1075. Such pipes have an additional mineral protective sheath, 2 mm thick.

For the main line, blanks with a diameter of 40 mm are selected. For secondary - 20 mm or 25 mm.

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Cold water supply schemes

Now let's get acquainted with autonomous water supply schemes and the equipment required for their implementation. They are quite predictably determined by the source of water.

The video in this article will help you learn more about how and how water supply is installed in private homes.

Well

1. What should be the scheme for installing water supply at home when water is supplied from a well or a shallow well?

With a water mirror depth of no more than 8 meters, to supply it to the house, you need:

Image	Description
water supply station	Pumping station. This is the name of a set of a surface centrifugal pump installed on a common frame, a diaphragm accumulator and an automatic relay with a pressure sensor. The accumulator smooths out pressure surges and allows the pump to stand idle at low water flow, and the relay is responsible for turning the pump on and off when pressure thresholds are reached.
Suction pipe - polyethylene pipe	Suction pipe. It should be a rigid pipe (for example, polyethylene) with a diameter equal to the diameter of the suction pipe of the pump (for younger models with a capacity of up to 100 liters per minute - 25 millimeters).
viscera spring check valve	Check valve. It is placed on the suction pipe and prevents the discharge of water from the water supply and accumulator when the pump is turned off.
Filter with stainless mesh	Mechanical cleaning filter.It is mounted in front of the check valve and prevents sand and soil particles from entering the pump and further into the water supply.
The inlet is mounted with a polyethylene pipe on compression fittings	Water supply input. It is laid in the ground below the freezing level. Most often, HDPE pressure pipes (made of low-pressure polyethylene) are used for installation of the input: due to their elasticity, they tolerate soil movements and even freezing in the water supply system.

Pumping station installed in the basement of the house

Well

1. How to install water supply in a country house if an artesian well is used as a water source?

In this case, a submersible pump is required to lift the water. If, in the case of a pumping station, the suction depth is limited by atmospheric pressure (it is this that displaces water into the suction pipe when a vacuum is created in it), then the pressure at the outlet of the submersible pump is determined only by its characteristics. Multistage borehole pumps are capable of lifting water to a height of tens or even hundreds of meters.

Borehole pump Whirlwind CH-50

In addition to the pump, for the organization of water supply you will need:

The check valve we already know. It is mounted on the outlet pipe of the pump, and performs the same function as in the case of a pumping station - it prevents water from draining after the pump is turned off;

The photo clearly shows the check valve after the pump

A hydraulic accumulator that creates a water supply of several tens of liters. The larger the capacity of the membrane tank, the less often the pump turns on. The tank is connected to any point of the water supply;

Horizontal accumulator

Pressure switch responsible for supplying and disconnecting the power to the pump.

Pressure switch

Capacity

1. How to organize automatic filling of the reserve tank when water is supplied according to the schedule?

To do this, it is enough to connect the container to the summer water supply, and install a float valve on its filler pipe.

Float valve in the water tank

1. How to ensure the supply of water from the tank to the water supply?

The easiest way is to install a backup tank in the attic of the house.

Such a water supply scheme is non-volatile, reliable, but has a number of rather unpleasant features:

The attic must be heated, otherwise the water in the tank will freeze during the first night frosts;

Storage tank insulation

The water pressure in the water supply will be equal to the height of the tank above the draw-off point. Meanwhile, with a pressure of less than three meters, household appliances connected to the water supply system (instantaneous water heaters, washing machines, etc.) simply will not turn on;

The tank must be at least three meters above the top draw-off point

The water supply will be limited by the strength of the floor beams. Putting a tank with a volume of several cubic meters on wooden beams is a very dubious idea.

1. Is there a water supply scheme from a tank that does not have these disadvantages?

Scheme of water supply with water supply by a pump from a storage tank

Connecting the station to the tank

Installation of external networks

Outside the house, the installation of external networks is carried out based on the following rules:

1. Pipes are laid at a depth exceeding the depth of soil freezing.
2. If the intersection of water and sewer pipes is designed, the water supply pipeline is located 40 centimeters above the sewer line. When using steel pipes, steel casings are installed at their intersection.
3. Pipelines must cross at right angles.
4. When water and sewer pipes are laid in parallel, a distance of at least one and a half meters must be observed between the walls of pipes with a diameter of less than 200 millimeters.

Do-it-yourself plumbing in a private house

Start with plumbing since the presence of water is necessary already at the stage of building a private house. In this case, you need to think first of all about ensuring the supply of cold water. You can also install a heating boiler, the installation of which is a simple procedure.

To equip the water supply of a private house, plumbing, materials and tools are needed:

• shut-off plumbing;

• PVC pipes;

• pump equipment;

• a set of keys;

• pliers;

• shovel;

• Bulgarian.

Before you make plumbing in a private house, you need to determine what types of plumbing equipment will be installed. Consider the general rules and sequence of installation.

As mentioned above, at the initial stage, a plan should be developed for the placement of plumbing and plumbing elements. The scheme should include information about all the nodes of the external and internal wiring of the water supply system of a private house. Based on the parameters of the water supply, you need to select the optimal equipment for arranging a pumping station. Manufacturers of such equipment attach a wiring diagram to it, indicating the main features of connecting a private house to the water supply system. It is necessary to place the pump plumbing unit in such a way as to minimize the noise from its operation. To do this, select the most convenient place in the house (in the basement or basement).In the documentation for the pumping station, you can find information about the noise level that is created during its operation.

After the location of the pumping equipment has been chosen, it is possible to start arranging trenches for laying external pipes through which water from the source will be supplied to the house. Their depth should exceed the level of soil freezing. If there is no technical possibility of laying a pipeline at such a distance, it is necessary to insulate the line using special fiberglass materials.

After arranging the outer part of the water supply of a private house and installing pump plumbing, the installation of internal pipes is carried out. This is a very important step that must be carried out with strict observance. work performance technologies. When the distribution of water pipes is completed, the specialists proceed to the installation of plumbing and installation of the sewer system.

Let's consider installation of the sewerage for the private house. Here, even before the installation work, an engineering diagram of the system is drawn up, indicating the points of placement of plumbing. A professionally drawn up sewerage plan will eliminate the difficulties during installation and problems during operation.

Sewerage of a private house includes external and internal systems. The elements of outdoor installation include sewer pipes and cleaning systems. The internal part also consists of piping and plumbing of a private house.

Rules for installing sewerage in a private house:

• when choosing the location of the cesspool, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of unhindered access to it by sewage vehicles;

• the lowest line of the cesspool is placed one meter deeper than the freezing level of the soil.The sewage collector is equipped with a slope and must have a depth of more than 70 cm.

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

In situations where it is not possible to lay sewer pipes below the freezing level, the collector is insulated.

For the installation of the sewer system of a private house, plastic pipes are currently used. Unlike metal products, such a pipe will not experience corrosion problems. The installation of these elements of a private house is carried out by inserting one pipe into another, followed by sealing the seams. Laying of sewer pipes is carried out in strict accordance with the preliminary calculations of the depth. This will allow the line to be laid on undisturbed solid ground, which will prevent the elements from bending. Pipes for risers and collectors must be of a larger diameter than sewer pipes coming from private home plumbing.

To carry out work on the arrangement of sewage systems in a private house, experienced and highly qualified specialists should be involved. The works on the installation and connection of plumbing are carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of building codes according to the drawn up scheme. Only experienced specialists who perform work under engineering supervision can satisfy such parameters.

Read the material on the topic: How to choose accessories for pipes

Common installation errors

The drafting of a plumbing system, both collector and tee, is best entrusted to professionals who are familiar with building codes and are able to perform hydraulic calculations. But even the best project will be useless if mistakes are made in its implementation.

Stopcocks are part of any water supply scheme: both sequential and manifold. They are installed at the entrance to the plumbing system, as well as in front of each plumbing fixture.

As a result, part of the thermal energy is transferred to the materials surrounding the pipe, which degrades the quality of the water. In addition, condensation from the surface of pipes without thermal insulation can damage the finish of the room.

During installation work, experienced craftsmen recommend closing the ends of pipes that have not yet been installed so that debris does not get into them. The absence of this protective measure can lead to the fact that immediately after installation, the water supply system will have to be thoroughly and for a long time flushed or even repaired.

When soldering polypropylene water pipes, remember that small dirt or moisture at the soldering point can significantly impair the quality of work.

If soldering of plastic pipes is necessary, all work should be carried out in a clean room to avoid contamination. It is also unacceptable to solder pipes on which even a small amount of moisture is present. A drop of water or debris at the soldering point can significantly weaken the connection and degrade its quality.

It is not necessary to design the plumbing system in such a way that all pipes pass through the ceiling through one common hole. This may degrade the performance of the plumbing. Professional designers never make such mistakes.

When drawing up a wiring plan, it is necessary to ensure that the pipes do not block access to the joints. This will greatly facilitate the repair in the event of a leak.

An insufficient number of locking devices can also cause a lot of trouble during installation work.Such fittings must be present in front of each device to which water is supplied, as well as for each riser. If the house has not one, but several bathrooms, you can install a shut-off valve for each of them.