Do-it-yourself plumbing in a private house - types and rules of the device

Design features

The main difference between a private house and an apartment is the absence of centralized water supply networks and sewerage. Therefore, all the hassle of wiring, as well as maintaining the water supply, falls on the shoulders of the owner of the house or land. Before you start wiring, you will need to take care of drawing up a design plan.The water supply scheme in a private house will depend on what the source of water supply will be, whether it will be a winter or summer version of the pipeline, and how many consumers there will be.

The sewerage system usually includes:

• source of water intake;
• directly the pipes themselves, through which the movement of water will be carried out;
• additional devices: pump, filter, counters, other devices;
• water draw points.

Internal plumbing

The complexity of distributing water around the house is related to the number of consumers (faucets and faucets) and their location. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to develop a scheme. This is the most important stage in the process of installation work, which should not be neglected. There is nothing difficult in drawing up a diagram. You just need to arm yourself with a tape measure and measure the distances from consumers to the connection points of each device.

Transfer all this to paper, taking into account the dimensions and configuration of the pipe laying. The diagram will show exactly how many pipes and fittings will need to be used in the installation process, where there will be a deviation from the rectilinear wiring, where passages through the bearing and non-bearing elements of the building will be installed. And the more rooms are involved in the plumbing system, the more complex the scheme will be.

One of the plumbing schemes

Collector breeding

Such wiring is most often mounted where they plan to hide pipes under decorative panels, plaster or stretch them underground.

The main advantage of collector wiring is that each plumbing fixture has its own line that comes from the main collector. With such a decoupling device, it is possible to block a separate line at any time, without prejudice to others.The pressure will be the same at all points.

The disadvantage of this design is the price. For installation, you will need more materials than for serial decoupling.

The standard plumbing scheme is as follows. The connection is carried out from the point of insertion into the central water supply or from the connection of the system to the well. In the case of a well, a pumping station or pump is initially installed, which will supply water to the system. You also need to have a hydraulic accumulator and a shut-off valve available.

The total water flow can be divided using a tee. It will create 2 streams: one for technical needs, for example, for watering the garden, the other stream will be sent home. The water supplied to the house must be purified by a filter system.

Professionals advise when wiring to reduce the length of the pipeline as much as possible, and make the minimum number of bends and joints. Most often, it is in these places that a leak appears. It is advisable not to turn the pipes at right angles during installation. This greatly reduces the pressure.

Step-by-step work algorithm

For the installation of water distribution in the apartment, it is not necessary to undergo special training. It is enough to understand the principle of its operation, and what devices perform this work. Work begins with the installation of an emergency crane.

Installation of ball valves

Ball valves are used as a throughput device, which make it possible to make pipe routing safe.

One such tap is installed on hot and cold water supply immediately after the central riser. With their help, the water supply to the apartment is regulated and an emergency shutdown of the entire water supply network is performed.

Installation of meters for hot and cold water

After the ball valves, nodes are completed to account for the flow of hot and cold water. Each of them consists of a coarse filter, a check valve and hot water and cold water meters.

Mounting of gearboxes

The reducer is needed to stabilize the pressure. Use mechanical and electronic devices. The latter prevent hydraulic shocks that cause damage to washing machines, dishwashers, and other plumbing fixtures.

If a boiler is connected, a check valve must be installed, which also applies to control devices. It will prevent the back flow of water from the boiler tank to the riser. Reducers and check valves are mounted after water metering units.

Manifold installation

If the wiring system is radial, then the next step will be the installation of plumbing manifolds. These devices are needed to distribute water between consumers. Collectors are selected with the number of outlets corresponding to the number of draw points.

For emergency shutdowns of branches, a ball valve is installed at the beginning of each of them. If there is a need, then pressure gauges for measuring pressure and devices for protecting against leaks are also placed here.

Installation of water pipes

The final stage of the distribution device is the installation of individual sections of pipes through which water is supplied to consumers. They are laid according to a previously drawn up project.

The connection is made according to the technologies provided for each type of pipe.

Tips from builders

• To quickly shut off part of the system, so-called stopcocks must be installed.
• The same fittings, splitters and fasteners must be used throughout the system.
• Slope towards the faucet when installing drain cocks.
• Use threaded connections.
• Use spacers to pass through the walls. Gaskets will protect the pipes from abrasion.

You can carry out the installation of wiring in the house yourself. To carry out such work, tools and materials will be required.

The work is carried out in several stages:

1. Schema selection.
2. Choice of materials.
3. Plumbing.

The layout of water supply pipes is quite accessible to beginners for understanding.

Plumbing wiring: tips for doing it yourself

Before starting work, it is better to draw up a piping layout.

With careful planning, success is guaranteed. In its process, they think through all the nuances regarding both the choice of pipes and drawing up a layout with the obligatory indication of the size of each pipe segment, as well as the connection used.

The most ideal version of the scheme would be the one in which all the components of the system are numbered, it is advisable to do this in the same order in which it will be assembled.

So, the first thing to choose is pipes. Their choice will depend on many factors. But the main, of course, is the required quality of the product and financial capabilities.

Experts advise the use of polypropylene pipes. Their positive qualities include durability, high strength, affordable cost, and most importantly (if the wiring is done by hand) - a fairly simple installation. Even a novice plumber can do it.

The scheme of the future water supply is being developed at the stage of repair.

There are two main plumbing options. Both of them can be done independently, with your own hands. The first option is a collector plumbing wiring diagram. The second is tee.Of course, there are a number of other options for distributing water pipes, for example, a combination of elements of the above schemes.

Collector distributing of pipes: 1. Washing machine water outlet 2. Sink faucet water outlets 3. Bathroom faucet bar water outlets 4. Cold water manifold 5. Hot water manifold 6. Check valves 7. Hot water meter 8. Cold water meter 9. Pressure reducer 10. Coarse filters 11. Shut-off valves 12. Hot and cold water risers

As for the collector option, it is an order of magnitude more practical during operation. The downside in this case is the cost of this type of water supply. Such a wiring will cost you more than a tee scheme.

Tee piping: 1. Water outlet for connecting a washing machine 2. Water outlets for a sink faucet 3. Water outlets on a bathroom faucet bar 4. Corners 5. Tees 6. Check valves 7. Hot water meter 8. Cold water meter 9. Pressure reducer 10. Filters coarse cleaning 11. Shut-off valves 12. Hot and cold water risers

This is due to the need for a large number of pipes, the connection of which is carried out directly to each plumbing fixture separately. Such installation is carried out in order to most evenly distribute water at the points of intake (plumbing fixtures).

The number of connections in such a scheme is minimal, installation is quite simple, but if the price does not suit you, then opt for the tee version.

Using a tee wiring diagram, do not forget that for the convenience of subsequent operation, a shut-off valve is installed on each branch.

Having completed this installation, in the event that any equipment fails, you do not have to turn off the water supply of the entire wiring system. And in order to be able to turn off the entire plumbing system at the same time, a stopcock is installed at its very beginning.

Which pipes to choose for plumbing in an apartment

The water supply in the apartment comes from the central riser, it includes taps, filters that protect against mechanical and chemical impurities, meters, outlets to plumbing and other connections.

The use of steel pipes is a thing of the past, copper pipes are still found, but their popularity is also falling.

Copper

The advantages of copper pipes include versatility - they can be used for hot and cold water. They do not clog and resist corrosion well, and the service life can be about 70 years.

But the disadvantages of copper pipes against the background of the advantages of plastic products make their use undesirable. Copper parts are expensive, the installation of joints requires special skills - it is unlikely to be done without a specially trained worker, which will lead to additional costs.

Now developers and residents who carry out repairs in apartments use pipes made of polymers, which are divided into metal-plastic and plastic ones.

metal-plastic

Metal-plastic is durable, smooth inner surface, high resistance to corrosion. Metal-plastic pipes are easy to mount on your own. This is due to the high elasticity of the material, the simplicity of the joints and the available tools for work. The ability to bend at any angle leads to cost savings as the number of fittings is reduced.

Pipe connections are made by crimping or threaded connectors. The use of a compression fitting eliminates the bricking of metal-plastic joints - as a result of temperature fluctuations, the tightness is weakened. This results in the need for preventive tightening of the crimp approximately once a year.

If a compression fitting is used, then pliers will be needed to crimp it, and if threaded connectors are selected, adjustable wrenches. In both cases, do not neglect the calibrator and zanker to eliminate burrs on the cuts.

Another advantage is the many connectors that allow you to join metal-plastic pipes with products from other materials.

Plastic

Plastic pipes for transporting water are divided into several types according to their chemical composition and properties. The most common are:

• polybutylene;
• polyethylene;
• PVC;
• polypropylene.

Polybutylene can withstand temperatures of + 90 ° C, so pipes from it are most often used for underfloor heating. The ease of installation of such networks is facilitated by high elasticity - pipes can be bent, rather than using connectors. The joints soldered without breaking the technology do not leak. The disadvantage of polybutylene is the high price.

Polyethylene pipes are considered a budget option, and therefore their possibilities are limited. They cannot withstand the pressure of the city water supply and temperatures above +60°C.

This leads to the limitation of the area of ​​their use by irrigation of personal plots and water supply of unheated premises.

Such an application is possible due to the important advantage of polyethylene - products made from this material do not collapse due to the liquid frozen in them.

PVC, or polyvinyl chloride, also belongs to budget materials. Pipelines made of it are resistant to aggressive environments and can withstand temperatures up to +80°C. Pipes are connected by soldering or glue, but the joints are less durable than the product itself. To prevent accidents, it is recommended to use an aquastop.

Polypropylene is used for plumbing more often than pipes made from other materials. Despite the budget cost, it is durable, withstands water temperatures up to + 130 ° C and can operate at a pressure of 12 atmospheres.

Polypropylene products are joined by welding. As a result, the connector material is spliced ​​with the pipe material, which makes it possible to obtain tight joints. The inner surfaces are smooth, they do not form blockages.

The disadvantages include deformation from thermal expansion. Therefore, polypropylene pipes are not laid in strobes. Parts heated with hot water begin to deform, which leads to the destruction of the finish in the places of laying.

Plumbing schemes

Plumbing can be carried out in two ways - with serial and parallel connection. The choice of water supply scheme depends on the number of residents, periodic or permanent stay in the house or on the intensity of use of tap water.

There is also a mixed type of wiring, in which the faucets are connected to the plumbing system through a manifold, and the rest of the plumbing points and household appliances are connected using the serial connection method.

Scheme #1. Serial (tee) connection

It is an alternate supply of pipes from a riser or water heater to plumbing fixtures.First, common pipes are diverted, and then, with the help of tees, branches are led to places of consumption.

This method of connection is more economical, it requires fewer pipes, fittings, it is easy to install. Pipe routing with a tee system is more compact, it is easier to hide it under finishing materials.

With a sequential scheme for connecting a pipeline with hot water, discomfort is especially noticeable - the water temperature changes dramatically if several people use the water supply at once

But a series connection is more suitable for municipal apartments, for houses with periodic residence or with a small number of residents. It cannot provide uniform pressure in the system when it is used by several users at the same time - at the most remote point, the water pressure will change dramatically.

In addition, if it is necessary to carry out repairs or connect a plumbing fixture, you will have to disconnect the entire house from the water supply. Therefore, for private houses with high water consumption and permanent residence, it is better to choose a scheme with parallel plumbing.

Scheme #2. Parallel (collector) connection

Parallel connection is based on the supply of individual pipes from the main collector to the water intake points. For cold and hot mains, their collector nodes are installed.

This method requires laying a large number of pipes and, accordingly, creates difficulties in masking them. But on the other hand, each draw-off point will have a stable water pressure, and with the simultaneous use of several plumbing fixtures, changes in water pressure will be insignificant.

A collector is a device with one water inlet and several outlets, the number of which depends on the number of plumbing units, household appliances that use tap water for operation.

The collector for cold water is mounted closer to the pipe entering the house, and for hot water - at the outlet of the water heater. A cleaning filter and a pressure regulating reducer are installed in front of the collector.

Each output from the collector is equipped with a shut-off valve, which allows you to turn off a specific water intake point, while other outputs will work in normal mode. In addition, each of them can be equipped with a regulator to maintain a certain pressure for individual devices.

Water quality instruments

HMS for water purificationIn order to normalize the quality of drinking water in apartments and individual residential buildings, special devices are installed that improve the quality of water.

This group of devices includes:

• special hydromagnetic device (HMS);
• universal flask filter;
• pressure stabilizer - aquastop.

HMS is a special hydromagnetic device that converts foreign small impurities contained in water - a suspension deposited on a filter that is cleaned on certain days. HMS installation requires the use of a control water flow meter with protection against magnetization.

Paired with HMS, a flask filter is used, made in a single housing, divided into three parts: sections: for the accumulation of foreign impurities, a section for removing chlorine-containing substances and a third chamber, where the final purification of tap water is carried out with an increase in the “softness” index.

Aquastop - a device used to urgently shut off the water supply in the event of a drop in water pressure in the water supply system.

Typical plumbing layouts

Designers regularly develop new schemes for laying water supply systems from polypropylene. Each solution is implemented taking into account the financial capabilities of the customer and the characteristics of a particular facility.

In the apartment

Plumbing in apartments is usually carried out in the classical way. This is the same type of scheme for pipes with cold and hot water.

Water distribution in the apartment

For both options, the connection of the home network is carried out by inserting a pipeline outlet into the riser of a centralized highway. Then the installation is done:

• shut-off (cut-off) valve;
• coarse filter;
• pressure reducer;
• counter;
• check valve;
• fine filter;
• distribution manifold (comb).

The collector is necessary for uniform distribution of water on plumbing fixtures. In the presence of a comb, the liquid pressure will be the same in all simultaneously used mixers.

In a private house

In many cottages and other similar houses, autonomous water supply is organized. In such farms, the layout often differs from standard apartment solutions.

Water supply of a private house

Therefore, the distribution of polypropylene pipes with cold and hot water is often performed according to individually designed schemes. However, in any case, the principle of collector fluid distribution applies.

In private households, usually a boiler and / or boiler system involves the supply of exclusively cold water.In this case, the source can be either a central highway or a well, well or other available water source.

With this and other wiring of the water supply, shut-off valves are always installed next to each plumbing fixture. If an autonomous system is being laid, bypass lines must be installed near each water-consuming equipment.

The presence of valves and bypasses allows you to repair plumbing fixtures without stopping the network. Their installation also contributes to the rapid switching of an autonomous mode to a centralized supply and vice versa.

Copper pipes

• The antibacterial properties of copper do not allow pathogenic bacteria to develop in water.
• The durability of copper alloy pipes is the highest, and they do not require repairs for decades.
• This metal is easy to process due to its ductility and low hardness.
• It is not subject to corrosion, in contact with water only a thin layer of metal can be oxidized, and the resulting oxide film creates additional protection against mechanical and chemical influences.
• The lumen of the pipes is not overgrown with deposits.
• The metal looks very noble and does not need to be painted.

Copper pipes fit perfectly into retro interiors where plastic would look out of place.

However, installing copper plumbing is not so easy; only an experienced craftsman can do it.

How to solder copper pipes, see the video:

Briefly about the main

It is not difficult to choose the material for mounting the water supply system if you know all the features of the pipes, how they are assembled and how their characteristics change under different operating conditions.For example, if you need to choose which pipes are best for plumbing in a private house underground, then HDPE or PP pipes will be an ideal solution. For internal wiring, all types of plastic and metal-plastic products are suitable, with the exception of low-pressure polyethylene pipes, as well as copper pipes. Traditional steel pipes can also be used, but you need to be prepared that hard water will quickly disable them, and the appearance will have to be maintained with regular painting.

The sequence of connection to the central water supply

According to the rules, tie-in into the central pipe, which is located outside the site, is carried out by organizations with the appropriate license. Their privileged position allows them to set high prices for services. Many private traders break the rules and connect on their own - the fine is less than the cost of the work performed by the organization. The main thing is to adhere to the technical conditions and the project, not to damage any communications.

Connecting a private house to the central water supply.

Determined with the method of connection to the water supply. A simple do-it-yourself option is to use overhead clamps that are used for steel and plastic pipes. Tapping into the existing water supply under pressure is carried out by special devices. The electric drill is not suitable - it will be flooded with water.

For tie-in, perform a few simple steps:

• mount the clamp;
• a pipe is drilled through a hole in it;
• turn the valve open, then close it.

It is preferable to first install a ball valve on the clamp, then you can drill through the hole in it.

If there is no well at the tie-in place, they dig out the main and arrange it with their own hands.A cheap and affordable option is to use red brick, make a hatch with a lid. It must support the weight of the vehicle if it is on the roadway. A hole is being dug at the place where the pipe enters next to the house. Now it needs to be connected to the well on the central highway. Dig a pit deep below the freezing point of the soil.

All sharp objects that can damage the pipe are removed from the trench. The bottom is covered with rubble and sand, which form a shock-absorbing cushion. Soil water is also drained through it, the main is not subject to icing. Now you need to connect a pipe to the tap in the well and bring the other end into the house.

Particular attention is paid to the place where water is supplied to the house. Sometimes it is impossible to dig a trench of the required depth. Then use various options for protecting the water main from freezing:

Then use various options for protecting the water main from freezing:

Sometimes it is impossible to dig a trench of the required depth. Then use various options for protecting the water main from freezing:

• heating with a special electric cable;
• winding with heat-insulating materials;
• backfill with expanded clay.

The trench is not immediately filled up: first, internal installation is done, then they are checked for leaks.

Selection of pipes for water supply

If, nevertheless, you decide to do the plumbing in your house with your own hands, after developing the scheme, you should choose the pipes suitable for the water supply system. First of all, it is necessary to accurately determine the number of pipes for the water supply.At the same time, in the process of calculating the diameter and length, it is necessary to take into account all the turns and slopes that will occur during the distribution of the water supply and the installation of various elements.

As for the diameter of the pipes for the water supply, the minimum diameter of the pipes that can be used to install the water supply system in a private house should be 32 mm. The minimum diameter of pipes for water supply of 32 mm is selected regardless of the material from which the pipes are made. In other words, whether it is polypropylene pipes or traditional steel pipes - in any case, the diameter of the pipe for plumbing in a private house should be at least 32 mm.

In addition to the diameter of the pipes and their length, pay attention to the method of connecting the pipes to each other. Remember that absolutely all connections between water pipes must be tight and reliable. If you plan to do the installation of water pipes with your own hands, ask yourself the question: will you be able to make a reliable connection of water pipes?

If you plan to do the installation of water pipes with your own hands, ask yourself the question: will you be able to make a reliable connection of water pipes?

So, for example, if you chose polypropylene pipes for installing a water supply system at home, you should understand that you will need a special soldering iron to connect them, the principle of which you yourself will have to understand. In addition, for soldering pipes of different diameters, in addition to the soldering iron itself, you will also need special nozzles of various diameters. A soldering iron for welding pipes of different diameters is shown in the photo:

Among other things, when choosing pipes for do-it-yourself plumbing, you must consider the following points:

1. When choosing pipes for plumbing in a private house, be sure to check that they are designed for food water supply systems of a private house from a well or well. The diameter of the pipes for the water supply does not matter here - both larger and smaller pipes must be food grade.

There are cases when not entirely conscientious sellers sell pipes for technical purposes, passing them off as pipes for food water supply. Of course, the price of technical pipes is an order of magnitude lower than the price of food pipes, but savings in this situation are simply inappropriate.

1. Since when connecting the water supply at home to a centralized water supply system or a pumping station of a well or well in the case of autonomous water supply, pipes will be laid in dug trenches, it is necessary to think about pipe insulation. To insulate water supply pipes during the installation of a water supply system, as a rule, special mineral wool is used.
2. If, during the installation of a water supply system, its pipes will be laid above the ground without placing them in trenches, insulation will also be required. For ground-based wiring of the water supply system, in addition to mineral wool, other heaters can be used. If the laying of the water supply system is carried out in a region with very low temperatures in the winter season, in addition to insulation, it is recommended to use active heating of the house's water pipes in the form of a heating electric cable. The price of a heating cable is quite high, but its use will completely eliminate the possible freezing of the water pipes at home.

HMS, flask filter and aquastop

HMS, or hydromagnetic system, has long been used in industry to prepare water for filtration. In everyday life, this device, without going into details, converts impurities in water into a fine suspension, which then settles in the filter in the form of sludge and is periodically removed. HMS is absolutely harmless, does not require power supply and maintenance during operation, but it necessarily requires the installation of a water meter in an antimagnetic design (these are more expensive) and, after the water flow, a combined flask filter.

The flask filter consists of three sections connected in series: sludge is collected in the first, chlorine is removed in the second, and water is finely purified and softened in the third

The latter (no one has been drinking tap water for a long time) is especially important for the washing machine boiler

HMS (1), main bulb filter (2) and aquastop (3)

HMS with flasks cost a lot, but they protect well not only equipment, but also health. Complain or not, be indignant - do not be indignant, and drinking water is firmly held in the ten most scarce resources in the world, and there are no global programs that can bring its quality to the level of at least the middle of the last century, and are not foreseen. In general, the salvation of drowning people is the work of the drowning people themselves.

Aquastop is also a useful device, it also does not require power supply and maintenance, but its function is different. With a sharp increase in current (breakthrough) of water, the aquastop is triggered and its valve cuts off the entire apartment from the riser. Aquastops come in different systems, including electrodynamic ones, so an anti-magnetic counter is also needed when installing an aquastop.

What are the best pipes for plumbing in a private house - an overview of options

To live in a private house, it is impossible to do with just one pump that will pump water from a well or well. The water supply system must be organized in such a way that the residents are provided with the necessary amount of water. Pipes for water supply in a private house are selected from a material that is resistant to corrosion and to the loads that occur with high water pressure.

When solving the problem, which pipes for water supply are better, it must be remembered that the water supply system must be functional, durable, reliable, and have a long service life. And such that its undesirable repair did not hit the pocket too hard.

To decide which pipes are best for plumbing in a private house, the following factors must be considered:

• chemical constituents of water;
• operating conditions of pipelines;
• working pressure inside the pipes;
• route length.

A few years ago, the choice was small and was reduced only to the installation of cast-iron or steel pipelines. Today, the construction market offers various models of pipes for plumbing in a private house - which ones are better to choose? We will talk about this in this article, as well as go over the technical characteristics of materials and installation methods for several options.

metal-plastic

Manufacturers of metal-plastic pipes guarantee the quality work of their products for a period of 25 years or more. Ease of installation is the main feature of these pipelines. The plumbing system made of this material is essentially a constructor, which is assembled quickly and easily with the help of connecting fittings. The unique design has special reliability and durability.

The advantages that distinguish metal-plastic pipes from other products of this type:

The photo shows the structure of metal-plastic pipes

• do not give in to corrosion;
• greater resistance to high and low temperatures;
• high plasticity of the material, allowing the installation of the most complex structures;
• there is no accumulation and deposition of mineral salts inside the pipelines;
• ease of installation that does not require special tools and skills (applies to installation with collapsible compression fittings, press tongs are required for press fittings);
• aesthetic appearance;
• affordable cost.

Attention: When purchasing metal-plastic water pipes, pay attention to the presence of a certificate that allows these products to be used for transporting drinking water.

The inner diameter of metal-plastic pipes is relatively small, but the water flow does not become less. In addition, these products can easily withstand high water pressure.

Do-it-yourself installation of a metal-plastic pipe for a water supply system in a private house is greatly simplified due to the light weight of the products. By the way, if necessary, the metal-plastic plumbing system can be dismantled, and then reassembled (when using collet fittings). The reliability and quality of the system will not deteriorate from this.

How and with the help of what water treatment is organized for private houses, read in a separate material.

And how to make a shower in the country with our own hands, we told in another article on the site. The choice of location, materials and sequence of work.

Plumbing from polypropylene materials

Recently, polypropylene water pipes are becoming more and more popular.

For operation under certain conditions, polypropylene pipes are produced and classified under the following markings:

• for cold water - PN10;
• for hot (not more than 60 degrees) water, as well as cold - PN16;
• for cold and hot water (up to 95 degrees) - PN20;
• for heating systems, hot and cold water - PN25.

What pipes are best for plumbing underground? There can be only one answer - polypropylene. Due to its resistance to corrosion, polypropylene pipes can also be installed in rooms with high humidity and in aggressive environments. Their non-separable sealed connections are created by soldering with a special soldering iron, which does not require special skills to work with.

An important advantage of polypropylene pipes is their perfectly smooth inner surface, which eliminates the formation of fatty deposits on their walls. Since these products began to be produced less than a century ago, it is difficult to say exactly about the duration of their operational period.

Estimated time is about 50 years.