How to make plumbing in the country with your own hands: rules for laying, installation and arrangement

Hot water is comfortable

Hot water storage - boiler or instantaneous heater? It all depends on the number of people in the country, the time of their stay. For two or even three people who visit the cottage on weekends, a flow heater will suffice. It heats up water instantly.

The electric water heater will allow you to use hot water a few hours after switching on. The insulated tank keeps the water temperature long enough after turning it off. For short trips, this schedule is inconvenient.A reasonable compromise is to have two sources of hot water, use them according to the situation.

Installation, connection of heating devices is carried out according to the instructions attached to them.

DIY bathroom installation

Installing a bathroom is essentially not difficult to do on your own. But all the complexity arises because of its size and severity. Therefore, it is advisable to entrust the installation and installation of the bathroom to qualified specialists who will perform this work efficiently and quickly.

When installing a bathroom, first of all, it is necessary to determine the installation site, and only then proceed with the installation itself. As a rule, the bathroom structure is mounted on a flat surface of the tiled floor, then we set the required height so that it is even and without distortions, using the usual building level, exposing the bathroom to a flat plane in terms of level.

Therefore, if you still decide to carry out the installation of plumbing on your own, then this article can be for you as an instruction for installing plumbing

At the same time, it is important to be careful when doing all the work, you can not rush.

It is important to follow the sequence of your actions. If you have any difficulties during the installation and installation of plumbing, or it is difficult to choose one or another model of plumbing products, you can view colorful and unique photos of plumbing. Surely here everyone will find something to their liking.

Instructions for arranging a stationary system with pumping equipment

Plan development

Since the pipeline is planned to be located for a long period, the number of necessary parts and their location on the site should be carefully calculated.You also need to carefully measure the length of the future pipeline, so as not to be mistaken with the footage and the number of fittings. For convenience, mentally divide the site into separate zones and estimate how many water points will be needed for each of the sections and how many meters of flexible hose may be required.

Digging trenches for the pipeline

Due to the fact that the ditch will require a very shallow one (about 70-80 cm), only a shovel is required to dig it. It is better to remove large sharp rocky attachments so as not to subsequently damage the pipeline during installation. Ideally, the fewer bends the trench (and, accordingly, the pipeline) has, the more efficient the water supply will work.

Pipe connection

Polypropylene pipe sections can be connected in two ways: by welding or by fittings. The first method is more difficult, but will provide greater integrity and tightness of the system. It is worth noting that it is better to take a segment with a diameter of 2-2.5 cm as the main central pipe, while a diameter of 1-2 cm is suitable for the "side" pipes. A special soldering iron is required for soldering polypropylene. After assembling the pipeline, before backfilling it, you need to check its operation.

Connecting pumping equipment

The pump must be selected depending on the conditions in which it will work and depending on the source of water supply.

After a complete check of the system's performance and its tightness, the pipeline can be covered with soil. It is worth remembering that before the onset of frost, all water from the system must be drained.
Based on the foregoing, it becomes clear that the installation of a summer water supply system is quite simple and will be within the power of everyone.

Segment Importance

The constant availability of water in a private house or in the country is a very important component for a comfortable stay for all residents. Water is essential for many things. This is not only cooking and bath procedures, but also watering the garden, washing and cleaning, all kinds of technical work in the house and on the site.

The convenience lies in the fact that all communications are reliably protected from mechanical and other influences due to their location underground, but at the same time they have easy access for repair or partial replacement.

In this article we will tell you in detail how to equip the water supply on the site as simply and efficiently as possible.

Expert advice

To install that part of the water supply that is above the ground, it is advised to choose a pipe made of strong and durable material that can withstand temperature changes. It is convenient to mount the system with fitting fasteners.

It is necessary to determine in advance which type of pipes is suitable in order to carry out the installation of an external water supply system. To do this, it is recommended to study projects that have been tested in practice.

In addition, the requirements specified in the regulations must be observed. This approach will achieve the desired result at a minimum cost.

trench preparation

To make ditches from the well to the house less than a meter deep, small-sized units are used - walk-behind tractors equipped with nozzles with cutting elements. The width of one such groove is about 15 cm.

The trench can be dug with a small excavator bucket. For more labor-intensive work, powerful equipment with buckets reinforced with metal teeth is used.In stony hard soil, a trench is broken through with a bar soil cutter (the width of the ditch walls is 30 cm).

A trench for laying a pipe to a depth of two meters is also done with an excavator.

Masters recommend following these rules:

1. According to building codes and regulations, the bottom of the trench should be 70 cm wide. However, this requirement is often violated in order to reduce the amount of extracted land. Thus, the ditch is already made (50 cm).
2. The soil that was taken out of the trench is laid 3 m from it so that the walls do not collapse.
3. The slope must remain vertical in clay (1.5 m) and in dense soils (2 m). In other soils, the slope angle is smoothed to a natural shape.
4. Sand and gravel are sprinkled at the bottom of the trench (cushion thickness is up to 20 cm), and then they are tamped and watered with a small amount of water. Next, lay and connect the pipes. If there is no leakage, the ditches are covered with earth.

Metal and HDPE pipes: the main differences

Low pressure polyethylene is different from metal; reliable pipelines are made from it. These structures are more suitable for laying underground than metal structures.

Masters pay attention to such properties of the material:

1. The thermal conductivity of plastic pipes is less than that of steel pipes. At the same time, polyethylene retains heat 150 times better, so HDPE plumbing can be laid at a shallower depth. To calculate this indicator, use the method that is given in SNiP.
2. Pipes made of HDPE are plastic and at the same time very durable. If the winter temperatures drop to record lows and the water freezes, the polyethylene will stretch and the plumbing will remain intact. Steel pipes, on the other hand, will burst under the pressure of a freezing liquid.

HDPE pipes are made in such a way that they can be installed in long sections without any underground joints. During operation, two connections are made: to the rubber hose from the well, as well as to the supply system installed in the cottage. LDPE is corrosion resistant and very flexible. Due to the plasticity of the material, workers can change the direction of the plumbing system without using fittings.

How far apart are the pipes?

Building codes prohibit laying pipelines and sewer systems in a common ditch. Installation of an external water supply is permissible in different trenches, if they are at a distance of 1.5 m from each other. When there is no space and communications must intersect, the water pipes are laid 20 cm above the sewer pipes.

If the cables are insulated with plastic tubes, they can be laid in the same ditch as the water supply, but at a height of 25 cm from it. The voltage must not exceed 35 kV.

The points where communications intersect are protected by concrete or steel cases with one-sided slopes.

Installation of the plumbing system

In such systems, only plastic pipes are used: polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (PPR), metal-plastic (for wiring around the house). Metal pipes (with the exception of copper) are a thing of the past. Plastic is inert, not subject to corrosion, withstands freezing of water. The inner surface is perfectly smooth, no silt or salts are deposited on it.

HDPE pipes are connected using plastic tightening fittings. There are fittings for the transition from HDPE to metal. The price of the connecting elements is quite high, but additional equipment (you can also chamfer the ends of the pipes manually) is not required.

The density of the pipe material: 63, 80 and 100. The latter is the most reliable. To work under pressure, you should choose grades SL (up to 4.5) and C (up to 8 atmospheres). HDPE is exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation, so trench installation is required.

Polypropylene pipes are connected by welding. This requires a special tool, it is inconvenient to work on the site with it. It's not worth buying. Almost everywhere it is possible to rent a welding machine in stores where such pipes are sold. Fittings are also not cheap. PPR does not bend: a lot of connecting elements will be required.

Step-by-step instructions on how to bring water into the house looks like this.

• The device of trenches, preparation of a heater for pipes.
• Power supply.
• Installation of a pump or pumping station, if necessary, install a pressure switch, pressure gauges, filters and inlet pipe.
• At the lowest point, arrange a drain for the entire system.
• Installation of pipelines with the withdrawal of points of analysis of water.
• Checking the operation of the external system, eliminating leaks.
• Installation of internal plumbing.
• Water heater installation.

In the process of work, you should constantly check with the project.

Plumbing for seasonal operation

In a house for permanent residence, the installation of a water pipe from a well to a house with one's own hands must be carried out taking into account many technical requirements. For example, pipes must be buried in the ground to a depth exceeding the freezing depth.

If this requirement is not met, with the first frost, the water supply system to the house will fail.For thermal insulation, multilayer pipes are used, traditional heaters, for example, a set of mineral wool + geotextiles.

Everything changes dramatically if the system is in conservation for most of the year. When you visit for a few weeks, you install a pump with a flexible hose and connect it to the internal wiring.

Thermal insulation is not needed, since even in the northern regions the summer temperature does not fall below 0 ° C.

It is important to provide a device responsible for draining water during departure. Most often, this is a simple drain valve that is mounted near the check valve, at the bottom of the horizontal pipe.

If the water is not drained, it will freeze and destroy communications.

The storage water heater during the conservation period also needs to be completely freed from water. Two separate taps are provided for draining cold and hot water

For those who need water for watering the garden and a summer shower, it is even easier: it is enough to attach a prefabricated pipe structure and a hose to the pump. Parsing points can be installed in any place convenient for use: in the garden, vegetable garden, on the lawn near the house.

Before leaving, the structure is dismantled, dried and put away together with the pump in the back room - until the next warm season.

Water source for country water supply

Most likely, the well is located directly on the site and is used for irrigation and other needs. Now it will become a source for the water supply. Moreover, the quality of water purified by underground natural filters will be much higher than if it came to you from pipes. So - there is no evil without good. We will build a water supply system with clean well water without bleach and rust.

Another significant advantage of water from an underground well is financial savings. Your water supply costs will be limited to the costs of materials, tools and plumbing maintenance. Unlike water from a centralized water supply, for which you have to pay bills every month, well water is free.

You can use it as much as you need. And to control this quantity too independently. The pressure, the location of the pipes, the time of use - it all depends on your needs.

Homemade plumbing can be much more profitable than a common one.

Operating principles and useful tips

In order for the system to work flawlessly, it is important to know how to conduct plumbing in a private house with your own hands correctly. This concept can include both the basic principles regulated by building codes and regulations, and some of the nuances and subtleties known to experienced craftsmen.

• Ideally, the pipeline should not pass through building structures, however, in practice, the creation of such a scheme is often impossible or impractical. If it is necessary to conduct communications through the wall, the pipe must be placed in a protective glass.
• Despite the fact that the owner of the house almost always wants to get the maximum free space and for this "press" the pipeline from the wall, there must be a gap of at least 25 mm between the building structures and the communications running parallel to them for easy repair work. The contour of the inner corner requires a distance of 40 mm, and the outer 15 mm.
• If there are drain valves on the pipelines or the hydraulic accumulator, a slight slope is made in their direction.
• The most convenient way to fix the pipeline to the walls is with special clips. You can choose single or double devices, the distance between them in any case should be about 2 meters.

When deciding how to make water distribution in a private house, remember that a well-executed internal water supply system has characteristic differences:

• Minimum joints and adapters. This improves the reliability and efficiency of the system.
• All connections are made in strict accordance with the installation technology of this particular type of pipe.
• The presence of valves or shut-off valves in critical areas of the system and at connection points.
• The minimum number of not too reliable flexible sections for connection (hose connections), which are most vulnerable to pressure drops.

water rise

What is the next step in arranging plumbing in the country? Having decided on the point of water intake, you will need to raise the liquid to the surface. For smaller shaft wells, as a rule, surface pumps are used. They can be used when the distance from the water source to the country house is no more than 50 m.

Liquid is lifted from deep wells or filter wells by means of ejector surface pumps. Well, what if there is an artesian-type water intake point on the site? In this case, a special submersible pump is used, which is able to lift liquid from a depth of 100 m.

If, when arranging a water supply system in a country house, the price for the owners does not really matter, then they can purchase an autonomous water supply system (SAW). In this case, the rise of liquid to the surface will be automated. The minimum cost of such a design will be 20 thousand rubles.

Installation of water supply from HDPE

Pipes made of polymeric materials today act as successful competitors to metal and asbestos-cement products, being increasingly used for laying plumbing systems. This is due to a wide range of plastic pipes made from various polymers with different technical characteristics. As a result, it is always possible to choose the starting material for the installation of the pipeline, in accordance with the operational and technical requirements for it.

One of the most common polymers used for the production of plastic pipes is HDPE - low pressure polyethylene.

The production technology of HDPE pipes is as follows:

• The polyethylene melt is squeezed out through a matrix of the required size.
• The polymerization process in this case occurs at atmospheric pressure, in contrast to high-pressure polyethylene.
• After the polyethylene blank has hardened, they are cut into segments of standard length, or rolled into coils.
• Products are marked in accordance with their technical characteristics, and the pipes are sent for sale.

Pipes made of HDPE, there are several types

• Lightweight, designed for a working pressure of not more than 2.5 atmospheres. Marked with the letter "L".
• Medium-light, marked "SL" and withstand pressure up to 4 atm.
• Medium, marking "C", working pressure up to 8 atm.
• Heavy - "T", capable of withstanding up to 10 atmospheres.

When buying, you should pay attention to the marking, choosing the material for the water supply network, depending on the expected working pressure inside the system.Do-it-yourself installation of HDPE plumbing in the country is not particularly difficult due to the manufacturability of the assembly

HDPE pipes are connected to each other with the help of special fittings and additional elements - tees, corners, etc.

For country water supply, it is recommended to use pipes made of polyethylene grade 80 or 100. They are perfect for supplying cold water, being resistant to solar ultraviolet radiation and the corrosive effects of liquids. The main water branch is usually made from a pipe with a diameter of 32-40 mm, and branches from it - from the 20-25th pipe.

It is interesting: Self-regulating heating cable for plumbing: device and example of pipeline insulation

Water source

In the absence of centralized water supply, there are several options.

1. Open waters.
2. Wells.
3. Wells.

The expediency of the choice is determined only in relation to the specific conditions of the location of the site. It is also necessary to find out what sources of water are used in this area, whether it is suitable for drinking.

The economic component is also important. A lake or a river will be eternal suppliers, the life of a well or a well is limited. The main costs just fall - in contrast to the trench to the river - to reach the aquifers.

The amount of water consumed varies widely. The following indicator can serve as a guide: 1-1.5 m3 per hour covers the peak moments of water analysis for the needs of a family of 4 people.

Open waters

The least expensive way to conduct water supply to a private house is to provide irrigation of the site. In addition, such water contains a small amount of hardness salts.The only drawback: it is almost always unsuitable for drinking, as it can be a source of pathogenic microflora.

This is especially true for stagnant ponds and lakes. Taking into account the fact that many in the city do not trust tap water, they drink only bottled water, this problem in the country is completely solvable.

Wells

Dug or driven (Abyssinian) wells work only where the aquifer passes at a depth of no more than 25 meters. Driven wells have replaced wells, but if you have only your own hands, confidence in the result, the Abyssinian well is the best option.

A dug well is a complex hydraulic structure. The decision on its construction is made on the basis of not only the presence of a layer of water, but also the type of soil. Optimal - clay, loam. Peaty, sandy soils are dark water with a smell or quicksand.

Dug wells are divided into mine and key. The shaft passes to the lens or layer of water, the key is placed on the spring. In modern conditions, the well shaft is reinforced with reinforced concrete rings of the KS brand of various diameters, the wooden frame is no longer used.

A small water flow rate is the main risk factor for well water supply. An improperly arranged water intake (there are three types: imperfect, complete, with a sump) is a complete fiasco. Water quality requires control: a formally made clay castle leads to groundwater entering the well. The device can only be entrusted to a professional team.

Well

The most reliable water supply for a private house on the ground or a summer cottage. Modern mechanisms and technologies make it possible to arrange it (in the absence of boulders in the ground) for a part-time job. There are wells for sand and artesian.

The vast majority is drilled for sand: the extraction of artesian water requires significant investments. In the first case, water-saturated sandy veins serve as the source, in the second, porous limestones. The fraction of sand directly affects the service life of the well: coarse sand, unlike fine, dusty sand, will not sand it.

Water supply from a properly arranged well up to 60 m deep will fully satisfy all needs, regardless of the season, for at least 5 years. The water quality is good, but you have to put up with the high content of calcium and magnesium salts. Scale on the walls of the kettle speaks of their excess.