Humidity in educational institutions: legal requirements and standards

3.2. Hygienic requirements for site selection for construction

3.2.1. Site selection for
construction of facilities is carried out at the pre-project stage. Organization
selection of a site (route) for the construction of facilities, preparation of the necessary
materials and the completeness of the coordination of the planned solutions is ensured by
project customer.

3.2.2. Playground for
construction is selected in accordance with the current land, water, forest
and other legislation and duly approved
urban planning documentation (general plans of cities and other
settlements, schemes and projects for the planning and development of territorial
formations, etc.).

3.2.3. Materials on
ensuring the quality of atmospheric air, submitted to the authorities and institutions
state sanitary and epidemiological service to conclude on their compliance with sanitary
rules, at the stage of site selection should contain:

rationale for the choice of area, point, site
(roads) for construction, including features of physical and geographical and
aeroclimatic conditions, incl. terrain, PZA, background data
pollution of the area, received and agreed upon in the prescribed manner;

list of pollutants emitted
into the atmosphere, indicating for them MPC or OBuv. For the latter, it is indicated
established period of validity. The list includes substances that do not have
standard (MPC or OBuv);

Qualitative and quantitative characteristics
emissions of pollutants and the atmosphere with justified results
pilot testing of new technologies, long-term operation data
operating analogue, materials of foreign experience in creating a similar
production;

Planned fundamental decisions on
prevention of air pollution, including secondary sources and
inorganic emissions;

data on possible emergency and salvo
emissions into the atmosphere;

Justification of the size of the SPZ and volumes
funding for this organization;

Calculations of expected (projected) pollution
atmospheric air, taking into account existing, under construction and planned
construction of facilities;

list and characteristics
research (R&D), experimental and (or) experimental work,
that need to be fulfilled in order to implement the decisions taken on the protection
atmospheric air from pollution and the timing of their implementation. For the substances
requiring the development of hygienic standards (MPC, MPC instead of footwear) R&D should
be prohibited until the design and estimate documentation is approved;

graphic materials: situational plan with
indication of existing, under construction and planned for construction facilities and their
sanitary protection zones, existing and prospective areas
housing and civil construction, with the application of the "wind rose" and data on
existing and expected air pollution; site master plan
planned for the construction of the facility with the application of emission sources in
atmosphere.

3.2.4. According to the presented
materials, bodies and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological
services issue a sanitary-epidemiological conclusion on compliance with the adopted
solutions to ensure the quality of atmospheric air, sanitary rules and
hygiene standards.

Questions requiring
conducting research, experimental and (or) experimental work, should be
formulated in the form of a sanitary task, which is included in the task for
object design.

3.2.5. Land plots floor
construction is provided in the presence of sanitary and epidemiological
conclusions.

6 Control methods[edit]

6.1 During the cold period of the year, the measurement of microclimate indicators should be performed at an outside air temperature not higher than minus 5 °C. It is not allowed to carry out measurements in a cloudless sky during daylight hours.

6.2 During the warm period of the year, the measurement of microclimate indicators should be carried out at an outside air temperature of at least 15 °C. It is not allowed to carry out measurements in a cloudless sky during daylight hours.

4.3 Measurement of temperature, humidity and air velocity should be carried out in a serviced area at a height of:

0.1; 0.4 and 1.7 m from the floor surface for preschool institutions;

0.1; 0.6 and 1.7 m from the floor surface when people stay indoors mainly in a sitting position;

0.1; 1.1 and 1.7 m from the floor surface in rooms where people mostly stand or walk;

in the center of the serviced area and at a distance of 0.5 m from the inner surface of the outer walls and stationary heaters in the rooms indicated in Table 7.

In rooms with an area of ​​​​more than 100 m2, the measurement of temperature, humidity and air velocity should be carried out on equal areas, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich should not exceed 100 m2.

6.4 The temperature of the inner surface of walls, partitions, floors, ceilings should be measured in the center of the corresponding surface.

Table 7
Measurement locations

Type of buildings	Room selection	Place of measurements
Single-family	In at least two rooms with an area of ​​​​more than 5 m2 each, having two outer walls or rooms with large windows that cover 30% or more of the exterior wall area	In the center of the planes 0.5 m from the inner surface of the outer wall and the heater and in the center of the room (the point of intersection of the diagonal lines of the room) at the height specified in 5.3
Multi-apartment	At least two rooms with an area of ​​more than 5 m2 each in apartments on the first and last floors
Hotels, motels, hospitals, child care facilities, schools	In one corner room of the 1st or last floor
Other public and administrative	In every representative room	The same, in rooms with an area of ​​100 m2 or more, measurements are carried out in areas whose dimensions are regulated in 4.3

4.4 The temperature of the inner surface of walls, partitions, floors, ceilings should be measured in the center of the corresponding surface.

For external walls with light apertures and heaters, the temperature on the inner surface should be measured in the centers of the sections formed by lines that continue the edges of the slopes of the light aperture, as well as in the center of the glazing and heater.

6.5 The resulting room temperature should be calculated using the formulas specified in Appendix A. Air temperature measurements are carried out in the center of the room at a height of 0.6 m from the floor surface for rooms with people staying in a sitting position and at a height of 1.1 m in rooms with people staying in a standing position, either according to the temperatures of the surrounding surfaces of the fences (see Appendix A), or according to measurements with a ball thermometer (see Appendix B).

6.6 The local asymmetry of the resulting temperature tasu{\displaystyle t_{asu}} should be calculated for the points given in 5.5 using the formula

tasu=tsu1−tsu2{\displaystyle t_{asu}=t_{su_{1}}-t_{su_{2}}},

(1)

where tsu1{\displaystyle t_{su_{1}}} and tsu2{\displaystyle t_{su_{2}}} are temperatures, °C, measured in two opposite directions with a ball thermometer according to Appendix B.

6.7 Relative humidity in the room should be measured in the center of the room at a height of 1.1 m from the floor.

6.8 When manually registering microclimate indicators, at least three measurements should be performed with an interval of at least 5 minutes; with automatic registration, measurements should be taken within 2 hours.When compared with standard indicators, the average value of the measured values ​​is taken.

The measurement of the resulting temperature should be started 20 minutes after the ball thermometer is installed at the measurement point.

6.9 Indicators of the microclimate in the premises should be measured by devices that have been registered and have the appropriate certificate.

The measuring range and the permissible error of measuring instruments must comply with the requirements of Table 8.

Table 8
Requirements for measuring instruments

Name of indicator	Measuring range	Limit deviation
Indoor air temperature, °С	5 to 40	0,1
Temperature of the inner surface of the fences, °C	0 to 50	0,1
Heater surface temperature, °C	5 to 90	0,1
Resulting room temperature, °C	5 to 40	0,1
Relative humidity, %	10 to 90	5,0
Air speed, m/s	0.05 to 0.6	0,05

Permissible levels of electromagnetic radiation

Permissible levels of electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range (30 kHz-300 GHz)

electromagnetic radiation

En (PPEn) is the electric field strength (energy flux density) created at a given point by each RF EMP source; EPDU (PPEPDU) - permissible electric field strength (energy flux density).

6.4.1.3. When installing antennas for transmitting radio engineering objects on residential buildings, the intensity of RF EMP directly on the roofs of residential buildings may exceed the permissible levels established for the population, provided that persons who are not professionally involved in exposure to RF EMP are not allowed to stay on the roofs with transmitters operating.On the roofs where transmitting antennas are installed, there must be an appropriate marking indicating the boundary where people are not allowed to stay with the transmitters in operation. 6.4.1.4. Measurements of the radiation level should be made under the condition that the EMP source is operating at full power at the points of the room closest to the source (on balconies, loggias, near windows), as well as for metal products located in the premises, which can be passive EMP repeaters and when completely disconnected household appliances that are sources of RF EMI. The minimum distance to metal objects is determined by the operating instructions for the measuring instrument. Measurements of RF EMI in residential premises from external sources should be carried out with open windows. 6.4.1.5. The requirements of these sanitary rules do not apply to electromagnetic effects of an accidental nature, as well as those created by mobile transmitting radio engineering objects. 6.4.1.6. The placement of all transmitting radio facilities located on residential buildings, including amateur radio stations and radio stations operating in the 27 MHz band, is carried out in accordance with the hygienic requirements for the placement and operation of land mobile radio communications.

6.4.2. Permissible levels of electromagnetic radiation of industrial frequency 50 Hz 6.4.2.1. Electrical tension power frequency fields 50 Hz in residential premises at a distance of 0.2 m from walls and windows and at a height of 0.5-1.8 m from the floor should not exceed 0.5 kV / m. 6.4.2.2. The induction of a magnetic field of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential premises at a distance of 0.2 m from walls and windows and at a height of 0.5-1.5 m from the floor and should not exceed 5 μT (4 A / m). 6.4.2.3.Electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential premises are evaluated with completely disconnected household appliances, including local lighting devices. The electric field is evaluated with the general lighting turned off completely, and the magnetic field is evaluated with the general lighting turned on completely. 6.4.2.4. The intensity of the electric field of industrial frequency 50 Hz in the territory of residential development from overhead power lines of alternating current and other objects should not exceed 1 kV / m at a height of 1.8 m from the earth's surface.

Permissible levels of ionizing radiation

6.5.1. The effective dose rate of gamma radiation inside buildings should not exceed the dose rate in open areas by more than 0.2 µSv/h. 6.5.2. The average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the daughter products of radon and thoron in the indoor air EROARn +4.6 EROATn should not exceed 100 Bq/m3 for buildings under construction and reconstruction and 200 Bq/m3 for operated buildings.

7.1. The release of harmful chemicals from building and finishing materials, as well as from materials used for the manufacture of built-in furniture, should not create concentrations in residential premises that exceed the standard levels established for atmospheric air in populated areas. 7.2. The level of electrostatic field strength on the surface of building and finishing materials should not exceed 15 kV/m (at a relative air humidity of 30-60%). 7.3. The effective specific activity of natural radionuclides in building materials used in buildings under construction and reconstruction should not exceed 370 Bq/kg. 7.4.The coefficient of thermal activity of floors should be no more than 10 kcal/sq. m hour deg.

6.5. Permissible levels of ionizing radiation

6.5.1. Power
effective dose of gamma radiation inside buildings should not exceed the power
doses in open areas by more than 0.2 µSv/h.

6.5.2. Average annual
equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the daughter products of radon and
toron in the air of the EROA premises_Rn+4.6ERVA_Tnnot
must exceed 100 Bq/m3 for buildings under construction and renovation
and 200 Bq/m3 for operated ones.

VII. Requirements for the interior decoration of residential
premises

7.1. Isolation of harmful
chemicals from building and finishing materials, as well as from
materials used for the manufacture of built-in furniture should not
create concentrations in living quarters that exceed the normative levels,
installed for the atmospheric air of populated areas.

7.2. Level
electrostatic field strength on the surface of building and finishing
materials should not exceed 15 kV / m (at relative humidity
30-60%).

7.3. Effective
specific activity of natural radionuclides in building materials,
used in buildings under construction and reconstructed, should not exceed 370
Bq/kg.

7.4. Coefficient
thermal activity of floors should be no more than 10 kcal/sq. m hour deg.

What should parents do when a violation is identified?

If you notice that any of the employees of the kindergarten violates sanitary standards, contact Rospotrebnadzor. You can either call them or file a written complaint. You can write in electronic form from the website of the department of Rospotrebnadzor in your region.

Some issues related to compliance with SanPiN in kindergarten are also decided by education departments. You can also go there with a written complaint, email or call.

If officials cannot or do not want to solve this problem, contact the prosecutor's office. The Office of the Commissioner for Children's Rights in your area can help you.

The health of children largely depends on the correct temperature regime in the kindergarten. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor that sanitary standards are observed in kindergarten.

3.3. Hygienic requirements for ensuring the quality of atmospheric air during the development of the project

3.3.1. Design estimate
documentation is developed in accordance with quality assurance decisions
atmospheric air, according to which at the stage of site selection for construction
a conclusion was given on their compliance with sanitary rules and hygienic
standards.

Making changes to
these solutions require an additional conclusion before the completion of the development
project.

3.3.2. For conclusion in
institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service are presented simultaneously with the design estimate
documentation for the construction of the facility and the organization and improvement project
SPZ.

3.3.3. organization project and
landscaping SPZ is developed in strict accordance with hygienic requirements
to sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures
and other facilities and includes resettlement as a priority
residents in the event that residential developments fall into the SPZ.

Project implementation timeline
organization and improvement of the SPZ must comply with the deadlines
construction of facilities.

3.3.4. Design estimate
documentation for the construction of the facility includes the following materials
technological part of the project and the section "Protection of the natural
environment":

substantiation of the adopted design decisions on
production technologies in terms of reducing the formation and release of pollutants
substances and their comparison with the best domestic and foreign analogues;

rationale for the choice of equipment and apparatus
for cleaning emissions into the atmosphere with confirmation of accepted efficiency
cleaning, operating conditions at similar enterprises with advanced
technological solutions in domestic and foreign practice or
materials of laboratory and production tests when using new
cleaning methods;

suggestions for prevention
accidental emissions of pollutants;

Measures to reduce adverse
the impact of salvo temporary emissions provided for by technological
regulations;

rationale for measures to reduce emissions
pollutants into the atmosphere during periods of adverse meteorological
conditions;

Qualitative and quantitative characteristics
emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere by individual shops, industries,
facilities;

data on existing pollution levels
atmospheric air (background concentrations), obtained and agreed in
in the prescribed manner;

the results of the calculation of atmospheric pollution
air in the area where the facility is located and its analysis (taking into account the products of transformation);

· proposals on MLVs for harmful substances;

· Estimated statement of costs for implementation
measures to ensure the quality of atmospheric air;

sequencing of construction and start-ups
complexes;

Proposals for a control system for
atmospheric air pollution in the zone of influence of the object's emissions;

graphic materials: situational plan
the area where the object is located with the drawing of sanitary protection zones on it
existing, under construction and planned for construction facilities, places of residence and
zones of mass recreation of the population, the general layout of the site planned for construction
object with the application of sources of emissions into the atmosphere.

Applications: an act on the choice of a site for construction;
conclusion of the territorial administration of civil aviation in the case of design
tall pipes.

3.3.5 Not allowed
making changes and additions to project materials without the conclusion of authorities and
institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service on compliance
these changes to sanitary regulations.

What are the risks of non-compliance?

The norms and rules that determine the optimal and permissible temperature and humidity of the air were developed for a reason. By observing their values, a microclimate is maintained in the production room that is safe for the normal functioning of the human body throughout the working day.

Supervision of compliance with humidity standards is aimed primarily at the safety of life and health of employees of the catering department, as well as on the sanitary and hygienic compliance of food products with GOST standards.

The kitchen, which maintains a microclimate not lower than the permissible level and not exceeding the optimal one, minimizes the risk of occupational injuries by employees of the food department associated with disturbed body heat transfer, loss of attention and coordination

Rospotrebnadzor requires compliance with the temperature and humidity regime in the food unit, primarily in order to ensure the safety of working conditions for employees of the enterprise and sanitary and hygienic control of the conditions for preparing and eating food.

What to do in case of violation of humidity?

If you somehow notice that in an educational institution the parameters of the humidity regime clearly do not meet the standards, it is not only possible, but also necessary to deal with this.

According to the current laws of the Russian Federation, the educational process is strictly regulated and controlled. The rights of minors are subject to protection. This means that it will not be difficult to bring the perpetrators of their violation to responsibility and / or force them to correct the situation.

Of course, if you have any complaints, the first thing you should do is contact the school administration with a request to check and eliminate the violations, if any. Submit the application in writing, in 2 copies - one will remain with the secretary or the director immediately, the second, after the signature of acceptance - with you.

If the violations are not remedied and you believe that the health of students is being damaged due to high / low humidity, you should file a written complaint (again in 2 copies) with the municipal institution that controls the activities of the school in your area or region.

Please note that the complaint must be signed by you personally or written collectively, with the signatures and transcripts of the other parents. Anonymous complaints will not be considered.

Here is a sample complaint about a school to municipal authorities or Rospotrebnadzor.

As a rule, checks are carried out without delay and the guilty are punished with penalties.

Annex 3 (recommended)

Time
work at temperature air at work
place above or below the allowable values

1. In order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling,
when the air temperature at the workplace is above or below the permissible values,
time spent at the workplace (continuously or in total per shift)
should be limited to the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in Table. and tab. of this application. At
mean air temperature at which
employees are during the working shift at their workplaces and places of rest,
must not exceed the permissible air temperature limits for
relevant categories of work listed in Table. real sanitary
rules.

Table
1

Time
staying at workplaces at a temperature
air above the permissible values

Stay time, not more than in categories
works, h

Ia - Ib

IIa - IIb

III

32,5

1

—

—

32,0

2

—

—

31,5

2,5

1

—

31,0

3

2

—

30,5

4

2,5

1

30,0

5

3

2

29,5

5,5

4

2,5

29,0

6

5

3

28,5

7

5,5

4

28,0

8

6

5

27,5

—

7

5,5

21,0

—

8

6

26,5

—

—

7

26,0

—

—

8

Table
2

Time spent at workplaces at air temperatures below
allowable values

Stay time, not more than in categories
works, h

Ia

Ib

IIa

IIb

III

6

—

—

—

—

1

7

—

—

—

—

2

8

—

—

—

1

3

9

—

—

—

2

4

10

—

—

1

3

5

11

—

—

2

4

6

12

—

1

3

5

7

13

1

2

4

6

8

14

2

3

5

7

—

15

3

4

6

8

—

16

4

5

7

—

—

17

5

6

8

—

—

18

6

7

—

—

—

19

7

8

—

—

—

20

8

—

—

—

—

Average shift air temperature (t_in)
calculated by the formula:

where

t_{in 1}, t_{in 2}, … t_inn —
air temperature (°C) in the relevant areas of the workplace;

τ₁, τ₂, …, τ_n - time (h) of work in the relevant areas of the working
places;

8 - the duration of the work shift (h).

Other indicators
microclimate (relative humidity, air velocity,
surface temperature, intensity of thermal radiation) at workplaces
must be within the allowable values ​​of these Sanitary Rules.

Bibliographic data

1. Guidance R2.2.4/2.1.8. Hygienic assessment and control of physical factors
production and environment (under approval).

2.Building regulations. SNiP 2.01.01. «Construction climatology
and geophysics.

3. Guidelines "Assessment of the thermal state
of a person in order to justify hygienic requirements for the microclimate of workplaces and measures to prevent cooling and overheating"
No. 5168-90 dated 05.03.90. In: Hygienic bases for the prevention of the adverse effects of industrial
microclimate on the human body. V. 43, M. 1991, p. 192 - 211.

4. Guide P 2.2.013-94. Labor hygiene. Hygiene evaluation criteria
working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors of production
environment, severity and intensity of the labor process. State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision
Russia, M., 1994, 42 p.

5. GOST 12.1.005-88 "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area".

6. Building codes and regulations. SNiP 2.04.05-91 "Heating, ventilation and
conditioning".