Ventilation in a country toilet with a cesspool: step-by-step instructions and recommendations for arrangement

How to make forced ventilation of the drain pit

To organize such ventilation in the cesspool, a fan will need to be connected to the base of the pipe. Its characteristics are selected, taking into account the volume of the tank.

The fan model must be selected according to its performance. An air exchange rate of at least 80 m 3 / h, provided for by sanitary standards, can be given by devices with power starting from 30 W. The dimensions of the selected device are very important, because it is installed inside the duct. The dimensions of the mechanism must match the diameter of the air outlet.

When organizing ventilation of a cesspool made of concrete rings, the following recommendations should be followed:

The installation of the air duct is carried out according to the principle of a natural ventilation device, with the exception of one moment: the bottom of the pipe must be under the ceiling.
The selected duct-type fan is installed at the bottom end of the pipe and fastened with self-tapping screws. Using self-tapping screws, it is necessary to ensure that such a mount does not cling to the impeller blades.
It is possible to conduct electricity to the drain pit underground and through the air. To implement the first method, you need to dig a trench into which the cable is then laid. The depth of the trench, according to GOST, must be at least 0.7 m. A steel or PVC pipe should be used to protect the cable from groundwater. The air method involves an external cable laying. For it, a metal cable is used to fasten the cable by winding.
To automate the process of turning on or off the fan, you can use a time relay. Its settings take into account the features of the home sewer system.
Inspection of the ventilation system of the cesspool is recommended to be done a couple of times a year.

Increased attention should be paid to the fan impeller blades, as solid deposits can accumulate on them.

Advice! When installing the fan, it is necessary to correctly determine where the air flow is moving. Its direction should be oriented upwards, but not vice versa.

In addition to the above material, we will give some tips.

When organizing ventilation of the cesspool, it is recommended to avoid rarefaction of the air in the tank. If a ventilated area is formed between the tank and the air duct in the yard toilet, then it is recommended to install an inlet pipe in a closed tank.Two air inflow and exhaust openings are usually located at opposite corners of the drain pit. The exhaust port is always higher than the supply port.

Moisture appearing on ventilation pipe surface, in winter it can freeze, reducing the patency of the channel and thereby reducing the intensity of the air flow. To eliminate such a problem, the upper opening of the pipe must be provided with a deflector. It will speed up the movement of air and protect the channel from street debris.

The most rational option is to ventilate the cesspool when installing an autonomous sewer. Then you do not have to change the existing system and it is easier to choose a convenient place to install the exhaust pipe.

As for the type of ventilation of the drain pit, it is not always necessary to arrange forced air exchange. Some settling tanks are managed by natural ventilation. The final conclusion on this issue can be given by the relevant specialists after familiarizing themselves with the operating conditions of the network on site.

How to make ventilation in the cesspool - look at the video:

After installing a cesspool ventilation in a private house, it is important to ensure that the tank does not overflow and the air channel is not blocked by waste. In addition, you need to monitor the air permeability of the fan pipe. For the possibility of prevention and repair in the ventilation system, it is necessary to provide for the installation of inspection hatches

For the possibility of prevention and repair in the ventilation system, it is worth considering the installation of inspection hatches.

Many people associate an outdoor toilet in the country with an unpleasant smell, dirt and danger. But modern summer residents strive to make the most comfortable and safe place out of such a toilet.

The design is a small cabin, wooden or brick, inside there is a toilet or a seat. Under the cabin is a cesspool, it is she, or rather, the accumulation of waste in it, that causes an unpleasant smell. In the process of decomposition, human waste emits a foul-smelling gas - methane, which, moreover, is also dangerous to health - when visiting the toilet, a person can lose consciousness.

Methane vapors penetrate the tree and destroy it, as a result, wooden floors deteriorate and there is a risk of collapse of the structure. Hence the conclusion: it is necessary to prevent the accumulation of gases and ensure their free exit. For this, ventilation is needed in the outdoor toilet.

Types of country toilets

Now consider the actual types of yard latrines:

Dry closet. A familiar design that has proven itself well in the absence of sewerage. The essence of the dry closet is the processing of waste products with special bacteria, peat or chemicals. The downside of this solution is not the most reasonable price for such products. Also, chemicals for dry closets are harmful from an environmental point of view, as they contain formaldehyde. Such waste can be poured no closer than 50 m from water sources.

Powder closet. A toilet that involves a small compartment (bucket or tank) that collects waste. The highlight of such a restroom is in the "dusting" of waste with peat. Due to such manipulations, feces turn into compost and can be used as fertilizer. The main disadvantage of this structure is not the most pleasant cleaning process, which is carried out very often.

Backlash closet. An interesting option with a lot of advantages.Firstly, the backlash closet is organized inside the house. That is, it is a modification of the usual, and most importantly, a warm urban toilet. Secondly, a standard flush toilet is used for the arrangement. Thirdly, cleaning the cesspool does not require manual labor. Now let's move on to the disadvantages. This is a laborious construction process - the cesspool must be completely airtight. And the constant need to use the services of a vacuum cleaner, which is quite expensive.

Outdoor restroom. The painfully familiar birdhouse toilet is a lightweight structure built over a leaky cesspool. Pros: quick and simple construction, budgetary nature of the building. Cons: the ability to significantly harm the environment, an unpleasant smell on the site, uncomfortable use in the cold season.

Requirements for the location of the cesspool

A cesspool on the territory of a suburban area is a type of autonomous (local) sewage system that provides hygienic and sanitary requirements for a comfortable stay in a residential building. A cesspool for a toilet in a country house, commonly called a cesspool, is designed to remove the waste products of people living in a country house or in a country house. Structurally, it is a square or round reservoir dug in the ground up to 2 meters deep. The width of the pit is taken arbitrarily within 1x1 m or 1.5x1.5 m. There is no point in digging an overly wide hole, since it is more difficult to cover an opening of this size from above.

Not so long ago, the construction of a cesspool for a country toilet was focused on its episodic use (visiting on weekends or on vacation days).In a remote place of the suburban area, a hole with a volume of no more than one cubic meter was dug without observing any sanitary standards. The successes of modern private housing construction allow year-round living in country houses. The current construction of a free-standing pit latrine is already based on providing “amenities” for two or three permanent residents, which will require a cesspool volume of about one and a half cubic meters. In this case, it is necessary to be guided by the following requirements for the placement of a cesspool:

1. It is not allowed to dig a toilet cesspool at a distance of less than 25 meters from any source of water, whether it is an open source such as a river, lake or a well, well. When placing a latrine on an area with uneven terrain, the tank must be dug as low as possible in relation to the area with a residential building in order to prevent the spilled sewage from penetrating under the foundation of the building;

It is important! We should not forget about the neighbors. In calculations to determine the location of the cesspool, it is necessary to take into account not only sources for own water consumption, but also neighboring ones, if they are located nearby

1. If there are buildings with a basement or cellar on the territory of the site, then the cesspool is allowed to be placed away from them at a distance exceeding 12 meters. In relation to a bathhouse or a street shower, a cesspool under a closet can be done closer - 8 meters away. Even closer (up to 4 meters) it is allowed to bring the construction of the toilet closer to the outbuildings;
2. According to sanitary standards, it is not allowed to place the toilet near trees (4 m minimum) and shrubs (1 m);
3. The cesspool is not allowed to be placed closer than 1 m from the fence. On fig. below shows the location of the toilet in compliance with distance standards;

The location of the toilet in compliance with the distance standards

1. Smells from the cesspool should disappear away from the residential building. To do this, they try to take into account the predominant directions of air masses in the construction zone;
2. The cesspool tank needs periodic removal of accumulated sewage, therefore it is advisable to provide for the possibility of a sewer truck access;
3. The level of groundwater occurrence affects the construction of a cesspool. If they pass above the 2.5 m depth mark, then such a high groundwater location does not allow the installation of a classic cesspool. You will have to install an airtight container or build a latrine like a backlash-closet with a dug hole in a remote place where the level of soil water is within the normal range. On fig. below is a diagram of the backlash closet. The advantage of this scheme is to provide comfortable conditions of use, similar to urban apartment bathrooms.

backlash closet scheme

There are two types of cesspool placement:

• traditional - directly under the toilet house;
• backlash closet with a cesspool located to the side.

When constructing a backlash-closet scheme, the toilet bowl is installed in the house, sewage through a pipeline laid at a certain angle falls into a cesspool dug out in the distance. Such a scheme is justified for a summer residence, rebuilt into a residential building with year-round use.

Recommendations

Having made a project and acquiring the materials necessary for work, you should strictly follow the assembly technologies and instructions for specific parts and elements

Particular attention is paid to sealing joints.The modern generation of building materials is characterized by a high level of unification. Parts are standard and fit exactly together

Sealing rings, gaskets make the joints reliable and durable. When assembling, it is necessary to check the completeness of the entire device, and during assembly, do not ignore the advice offered by manufacturers

The parts are standard and fit exactly together. Sealing rings, gaskets make the joints reliable and durable. When assembling, it is necessary to check the complete set of the entire device, and during assembly, do not ignore the advice offered by manufacturers.

The toilet in the country will meet expectations if the master follows the technology. Often, both professionals and amateurs use sealants to ensure tightness. Silicone-based formulations are popular today. The elastic structure and good adhesion make it possible to maintain the integrity of the joints even during vibrations and physical stress. Joints with sealant fully justify the small investment in their purchase.

Another important factor in the successful fight against odor is the arrangement of the latrine itself. If there is no supply air duct, then you can leave the hole open. When the toilet in the country is equipped with a full-fledged ventilation system for air exchange, it is better to make a cover. The best way to get rid of the problem of unpleasant odor is to install a regular toilet. Carrying water today does not seem like a difficult task. As a result, the toilet acquires completely new qualities. The toilet bowl has a device for the formation of a water plug. The drain moves along a sinusoidal curve. Clean water in this place is the most effective way to protect the purity of the air.In this case, it is possible to completely seal the internal volume of the toilet from the sump.

When building a latrine adjacent to the main building, you can use one more piece of advice from experienced craftsmen. You can fix the exhaust pipe along the wall of the house by stretching it to the roof of the main building. The length of the route will increase significantly. This method is borrowed from the practice of stove-makers. The higher the pipe, the stronger the thrust. It may be necessary to install control valves with this scheme, since high performance can cause a noticeable draft in the toilet.

You can improve traction with a deflector. Inexpensive device, easy to install on the upper end of the discharge pipe. The special design creates vortex flows, which are converted into a directed movement of air masses. According to various estimates, the efficiency of the hood can increase by 10-20%. The device does not require electricity, it works autonomously, using only aerodynamic laws and rules.

Forced ventilation installation technology

Typically, such a system is resorted to if natural ventilation does not cope with its task. For example, in summer, when it is equally warm inside and outside the cabin, air circulation will be minimal. In this case, natural ventilation is reinforced by forced ventilation.

They purchase special fans powered by a 220 V network. It is better to choose models covered with a decorative protective screen. The power and size are selected based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe bathroom.

For fasteners, dowels may be needed if you have to mount to the wall. If a ventilation duct already exists, the device is placed there.It is recommended to match the current supply to the fan with the moment the light is turned on. When exiting, both are disabled.

You can use recuperators - devices that allow air to circulate at any temperature and weather. They are equipped with dust filters. There are automatic and manual models.

Four holes are required to install the supply and ventilation system. They are connected in pairs with special details "street - room", "room - street". Thus, clean air will flow in from the outside and exhaust air will be discharged there.

What is an exhaust fan and what is it for?

This device looks like a small device that, by means of blades on a shaft, moves air through the pipes of the ventilation system. At the same time, it does not affect the natural exhaust into the bathroom, provided that a check valve is installed in the supply pipe.

purpose

The product for the hood will be in demand in places where dampness, smoke or a specific smell accumulate. Since unfavorable aspects lead to rotting and the formation of fungus or the appearance of dark spots on the walls and ceiling. And for the timely solution of these problems, it is required to restore the purity of the air to the state of sanitary standards. It is in these situations that the ventilating device can solve the problem.

Where is the best place to build a pit latrine?

As a rule, any place is not suitable for the construction of a country toilet. It must be placed following certain norms and requirements, as there is always a risk of groundwater pollution. When constructing a structure, it is necessary to take into account not only the location of your source of water consumption, but also the neighboring one.

In the construction of a toilet pit in the country, depth and width are of great importance, while the most important thing is to comply with the following requirements:

• the distance of the toilet from the source of water, whether it be a river, a well or a well, must be at least 25 meters. In the case of an uneven summer cottage relief, namely the presence of drops and slopes, a cesspool should be made in a place that is below another level. As a result of this solution, the risk of dirty sewage getting into drinking water is significantly reduced;
• the toilet should be located at a distance of 12 meters from the house or other structure;
• if there is a bathhouse or an outdoor shower on the territory, then the distance to the object must be at least 8 meters;
• distance to barns with animals - 4 meters;
• the toilet is located at a distance of 4 meters from the trees, and 1 meter from the bushes;
• the fence should be at a distance of 1 meter;
• when choosing a place for a toilet, you need to take into account the direction of the air, in the worst case, unpleasant odors will spread throughout your summer cottage;
• the front door should not be directed to neighboring windows;
• if groundwater is located at a depth of 2.5 meters, then you can build a toilet of various types. If this figure is higher, then you can not make a cesspool. In such situations, an excellent option would be to install a backlash closet, dry closet or powder closet. Such structures are harmless to the environment, since the waste does not come into contact with groundwater.

When choosing a place to build a toilet in a country house, you need to take into account not only the placement of your objects on the territory, but also those of your neighbors.It should be noted that the above norms apply only to those latrines for which it is planned to make cesspools. It is also important to correctly determine the direction of the wind.

It is also important to correctly determine the direction of the wind.

What are cesspools?

If a particular suburban area is not connected to the central sewerage system, then it is imperative to install a local sewerage system. There are two main types:

• a system with the accumulation of effluents;
• storage system with the possibility of bio-treatment of wastewater.

In addition, local sewerage can be non-volatile or volatile. In the first case, the flow of liquid will occur naturally, and in the second - with the help of a pump.

The simplest storage systems are presented in the form of sealed tanks that can be bought without any problems. If a decision is made to independently build, then a simple pit is made with a special drainage bottom.

Simple cesspools

Such a structure is a reservoir with an earthen bottom, through which there is a natural filtration of effluents. This type of structure is considered convenient and simple for a summer cottage, while there is no need to frequently pump out waste. Despite some advantages, the liquid is absorbed into the ground rather slowly. If there is a large volume of drains, then the pit is not the best option. In accordance with sanitary standards, the maximum volume of waste for such pits is 1 m3. In addition, it should be said that such pits can be dangerous to the environment.As a rule, dirty water, getting into the ground, is cleaned with the help of bacteria that live in the ground, and if the volume of effluents is exceeded, they will not be able to fully cope with their functions. Thus, there is a risk of untreated effluent entering the ground. If they mix with groundwater, well water can become contaminated.

Recommended reading: How to make a cesspool do-it-yourself without the need for pumping

To prevent the risk of contamination of drinking water, when installing a pit latrine, it is imperative to take into account all sanitary and building codes for this type of structure. The distance from the drinking well to the pit should be at least 20 meters in the case of clay soil, 30 meters for loam and 50 meters for sandy soils. Soil characteristics also affect the rate of runoff absorption. For example, in the case of highly clay soil, frequent pumping of the pit may be required.

Types of systems

The ventilation system in the toilet in the country or in a country house is organized by several methods:

1. Natural. The air flow occurs by gravity, under the influence of ventilation. In the room, a pressure difference of the air mass is created.
2. Forced. Mechanical devices such as a fan, air heater, etc. are used.
3. Exhaust. Natural supply and exhaust ventilation allows you to achieve a good result. Let's analyze all the methods in more detail.

Natural

An ordinary window in the wall of the toilet cubicle performs a dual function: a source of daylight and an opening for air to move along the “window - cesspool” route.The geometry and shape of the window do not play any role, but some requirements are imposed on this element.

1. The window does not need to be glazed, air must circulate constantly. For the winter, it is easier to cover it with a sheet of plywood, minimizing the flow of cold.
2. Snow and rain should not get into the hole, so it should be mounted under the very roof or visor.
3. To enhance ventilation, two holes are cut out - in the doors and one of the walls.
4. To prevent insects from flying inside, the window is covered with a fine mesh or gauze.
5. Experts recommend organizing holes in the form of several slots in the lower part of the walls, covering them with a grate. This option will greatly improve circulation.

Forced

Using this approach, you can make the hood more efficient due to the fact that:

• forced exchange is carried out indoors, not only in a cesspool;
• bad odors are removed almost immediately;
• air is updated at the required frequency;
• mechanical devices work in any weather.

The main disadvantage of the method is that you will have to supply electricity and fork out for the necessary equipment.

The easiest way to "force" - the fan is mounted opposite the window and activated by a special switch

It is important to insulate the wiring, protecting it from precipitation and moisture. Usually she is led outside the toilet from the attic of the house to the roof of the cabin

If the dimensions of the toilet room are small (about two squares), a 30 W fan is enough for the eyes. Both channels - exhaust and inflow - are covered with a mesh or grate.

AT closed pit there is little fresh air, forced ventilation is not provided for it.Usually a pipe is lowered there, equipped with a fan, which organizes the pressure drop. The exhausted air is expelled through the cabin.

There is another option: a 3-5 W duct fan is purchased, equipped with a sensor - a blade speed controller. The sensor is installed indoors, with its help, the value of the diversion draft is manually set.

exhaust

During the installation of the toilet, another additional hole is made at the base of the cubicle. As a result:

• through this hole, air enters the pit;
• air mass exits through the installed pipe.

As a result, we have two outlets - one from the toilet room, the second - from the pit.

For installation, you will need a gray PVC pipe with a diameter of 10 cm. Its length should be sufficient so that the lower end is in the pit, and the upper one rises 30 centimeters above the roof.

Perfect option:

• install a cubicle with a toilet bowl at some distance from the pit, connecting them with a sewer pipe;
• using a tee from the sewer pipe, take the ventilation pipe.

In this case, there will be no unpleasant odor at all. True, you will need a water supply to dispose of sewage in such a system.

Helpful Hints

1. Before building a country toilet, choose the right place, it is best if it is longer from buildings and located in a lowland.
2. When making ventilation, it is better to calculate everything in advance and do all the steps without missing anything, only in this case you can be sure that extraneous odors will not bother you and your neighbors.
3. The best material for a country toilet is wood, because thanks to the gaps between the boards, you can create additional ventilation, but still this will not be enough, so supplement the building with forced ventilation.
4. Today, construction stores offer a wide range of modern forced hoods, for example, you can buy a decorative grille with a fan built into it. This wonderful device can be easily built into your country toilet and thus equipped with a high-quality ventilation system. And this is not all the opportunities that manufacturers offer their consumers.

Our article talked about how to properly install and design ventilation in an outdoor toilet. There is nothing difficult to install, so every owner of a country house will be able to independently install, and thanks to the manufacturers, you can purchase new ultra-modern ventilation systems that will help remove odors and deliver a fresh smell to the toilet. Properly installed ventilation will allow you to be near the toilet and not feel its close presence.

Traditional questions: what, where, when?

Supply and exhaust ventilation is an ideal choice for any cesspool, but it is far from always justified. For some sedimentation tanks, the simplest natural ventilation is quite enough, but this conclusion should not be made by the owners of the house, but by a specialist who arrived at the facility and gave a comprehensive assessment of a particular sewer network.

Whatever cesspool we are talking about, the best time to equip it is work related to the installation of an autonomous sewer at home. This will make it possible to find the optimal place for the hood.There is no need to deal with the finalization of a system that is already functioning at this stage either.

Where do such structures take place? Ideal location cesspool - away from at home. If an absolutely sealed container is planned, then it seems to many that the location of the site is no longer becoming a determining factor, but it is still necessary to follow sanitary standards. The cesspool should be at a distance of:

• 1.5 m from the border of the site;
• 5 m from the gas main;
• 8-10 m from a residential building;
• 10-20 m from neighbors' buildings;
• 20 m from drinking water wells;
• 25 m from the water supply.

In the location of the sump, the soil on the site decides a lot. If the soil is clayey, then the distance from the well should be at least 20 m. Loam increases this figure to 30. Sandy or sandy loam soil already requires at least 50 m.

Ventilation of a cesspool in a private house or in a summer cottage is necessary in any case. Another issue is her appearance. To ensure maximum efficiency, it is better to give preference to the supply and exhaust system, but the final decision still remains the prerogative of the owners of suburban real estate, or cottages.

At the end of the article - a video on the topic:

Step by step instructions for building a house

Scheme for the construction of a toilet in the form of a hut

An option for building a toilet that is accessible to a beginner in the construction business is a cesspool and a “hut” type structure made of wood.

Necessary materials

Wood - the most common material for the construction of a country bathroom

To build a simple but comfortable sanitary house in a summer cottage, you will need:

1. Dry wood blocks and boards
2. Self-tapping screws and screwdriver
3. Hammer and nails
4. Glue
5. Styrofoam as a heater
6. Slate or roofing material for the roof
7. Fiberboard or plywood for finishing interior work
8. Metal corners
9. Accessories (plastic or wooden handle, hook for locking)
10. Seat set with cover

Pit equipment made of concrete rings of large diameter

The arrangement of the cesspool will require the purchase of:

1. Rubble
2. fine river sand
3. Cement (any brand and model)
4. Fine mesh metal mesh to reinforce the walls
5. Reinforcing lattice or pieces of reinforcement to increase the strength of the foundation

You will need the following tools:

• bayonet and shovel
• drill and perforator (if the soil is rocky, clayey)
• grinder with discs for working with metal and stone
• jigsaw
• square
• yardstick
• building level

shovels

If there is a financial opportunity, then the cesspool can be equipped with three concrete rings stacked on top of each other. The first 2 serve as a kind of settling tanks, and the lower one filters sewage before it enters the soil.

In the case when the budget is very limited, use old tires from the wheels of trucks.

How to dig a cesspool

Work begins with the marking of the site. Next, perform the following steps:

1

They dig (drill) a square or round hole in the soil to a depth of 2 m. The soil is chosen, drainage is poured onto the bottom - a mixture of crushed stone and sand

2

The walls are reinforced with a mesh, and cement mortar is poured on top, leveling the surface.

Reinforcing mesh reinforces the walls of the ditch

2

The dried cement is plastered, allowed to dry

Plastered concrete walls of the cesspool

3

Across the opening of the pit into the ground, wooden boards treated with an antiseptic composition are installed on the edge at a short distance. They serve as the basis for pouring the foundation.

4

Along the edges of the moat, formwork is made to the height of the future foundation. The hole is covered with a plastic film, covered with a reinforcing grate on top.

5

2 holes are left in the film - for installing a toilet bowl and for a cesspool technical exit

6

The space inside the formwork is poured with cement mortar, leveled, guided by beacons or building level

Pouring the foundation of the pit

7

The completely dried foundation is ready for the installation of the ground part. The cesspool before this is closed with a special hatch

The order of construction work

Next, they proceed to the construction of the structural part of the bathroom - a wooden house in the form of a hut. It is recommended to follow these instructions:

1

They start with the installation of the lower base of the frame from 5x5 cm bars. A square-formwork is knocked down from the parts, a flooring of boards is laid on top

Hole for seat

2

A hole for the toilet seat and a technological opening for the hatch of the cesspool are cut out in the floor

3

The wooden base is coated with antiseptic impregnations

4

The front and back parts of the structure are assembled from the beams according to pre-prepared schemes. Finished parts look like isosceles triangles with three crossbars along the distance. From the inside, both blanks are finished with strips of fiberboard

Schemes for assembling the front and back parts

5

The facade and back are attached to the base with self-tapping screws and reinforced with metal corners.

6

Next, the roof is being installed (it also serves as side walls) from boards 1.8–2 m long, roofing material is being laid and the ridge is being installed. Above provide a vent and a pipe

The roof is covered with roofing material, slate or metal tiles

7

A door is installed on the facade, inside it is mounted pedestal for seat

pedestal for seat

8

The wood is primed and varnished, stained if desired

9

Lastly, install the handle, toilet seat, hook to close the door

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