Ventilation in a private house: supply and exhaust systems + tips for arranging

Video description

Combination example on natural ventilation kitchen with an extract on the video:

Since the stove is a constant source of rather strong odors, the area above the stove needs ventilation most of all, and it is above it that the natural ventilation outlet or electromechanical hood is placed.

When installing ventilation in the gas stove area, first of all, it is necessary to compare the number of burners with the volume of kitchen air space. The rules require:

• for a kitchen room with a volume of more than 8 m³, it is allowed to install a stove with two burners;
• in the kitchen with a volume of 12 cubic meters - no more than three burners;
• in the kitchen in 15 cubes - 4 burners.

Subject to this standard, for high-quality air exchange in a kitchen with a gas stove, an air exchange rate of 140 m³ / h is sufficient, and with an electric one - 110 m³ / h.

Bath ventilation

The air in the bath has its own separate specifics - during bath procedures, the humidity reaches 100%, and when the bath is not in use, then everything just depends on the quality of air exchange in the room. Mixed ventilation is used to comprehensively address these issues.

An example of air movement in a bath

But since the mechanical part is needed only for the duration of the bath, then, in fact, the most effective natural ventilation is made and fans are added to it. Thus, during operation, the power of the ventilated unit allows you to comfortably bathe in the bath, and during its downtime, natural ventilation ventilates the room.

Technically, this is expressed in the arrangement of one or two supply channels and an outlet, on which the fan is installed (preferably with an adjustable number of revolutions of the blades).

Ventilation from the developer

Old houses, in the openings of which wooden windows were placed, did not contain any specially organized supply ventilation. The air penetrated into the room through the micropores of the wood and cracks in the wooden frames. In modern metal-plastic windows with sealed double-glazed windows and two sealing contours, such penetration is impossible. The only way to let air into the apartment is to open the window. But as soon as this is done, cold in winter, heat in summer, and, on top of that, street noise will begin to penetrate into the apartment.

The classics of the genre are foggy double-glazed windows, through which moisture flows in streams - and there is a lack of ventilation. Even in old houses, ventilation wells are provided.

Where are the exhaust vents located?

Outlets to the ventilation system are usually installed in those rooms where the air is polluted to the maximum. To remove odors and excess moisture, to prevent their spread throughout all rooms, enhanced air exchange is required.

Air ducts have exits through the attic to the roof. Heads of ventilation pipes are installed above the roof surface. When placing these pipes on the roof, special rules must be followed.

Natural ventilation is extremely reliable

Special rules for the location of supply valves and ventilation vents

First rule. An air inlet valve (this may be another way of inflowing clean air) should be installed in any type of residential premises:

• in the dining room;
• in the bedroom;
• in the living room;
• in the nursery;
• in the lobby.

Second rule. Ventilation ducts with vents must be supplied:

• to the bathroom;
• to a home bath;
• to the toilet;
• to the combined bathroom;
• to the kitchen (moreover, in addition to the hood, a ventilation outlet should also be placed above the stove);
• to the dryer, to the pantry, to the dressing room, adjacent to the common living area (when they are separated from the kitchen and the corridor by a door, then a supply valve should be installed);
• to the room where the home laundry is installed;
• to a home workshop if the work is associated with the appearance of smoke, various fumes, smells of glue, solvents, mastic, soldering, welding, painting, etc.

Third rule. In some rooms, both a ventilation outlet and an inlet valve must be installed. It could be:

• the area where the gas heating device is installed;
• one of the rooms of the residential area, if more than 2 doors are installed from it to the nearest ventilation duct;
• part of the residential area, presented in the form of a kitchen-dining room, that is, combining a kitchen with living rooms;
• area equipped for a gym (sports) hall.

Fourth rule. Ventilation of the second floor requires a special approach, because the air from the first floor comes up, and it should not find an exit to the rooms located above. The following options are offered.

Firstly, in the case of separating the second floor from the staircase with a systematically closing door, exhaust vents and supply valves are installed in the usual way.

Secondly, the second floor is not separated from the first by doors. Then in each room there should be a channel for the inflow of fresh air and a ventilation outlet. And regardless of the purpose of these premises.

And also ventilation vents and supply windows must be present:

• in basements;
• in rooms where on the ground floor there is space under a wooden floor (on logs).

Fifth rule. Basement ventilation is designed separately. It should be borne in mind that air may not flow down naturally. Also, due to the lack of a normal inflow, it does not always effectively exit such a room. As a result, vapors of dangerous gases accumulate in the basements, and a high level of humidity is noted. Then artificial ventilation is required.

Definition and severity of the problem

Ventilation is understood as a specially organized movement of air masses.It is necessary to create comfortable and healthy living conditions for a person. In general, the system is very complex in the calculation. There are simply no standard solutions that suit everyone or at least a certain group of users. Each project is individual. Even the location of one grid, the fan, plays a role. A lot depends on the position of the house relative to the wind rose and many more little things. In order for self-designed ventilation to work well, you need to seriously understand.

Ventilation is an organized exchange of air masses, during which the exhaust air is replaced with fresh air.

For you to understand how serious it is

According to sanitary standards, one person at rest processes about 30 cubic meters of air per hour. If the air is not renewed, there will be less and less oxygen, and more and more carbon dioxide and other waste products. As the amount of oxygen decreases, well-being worsens. Prolonged lack of oxygen provokes the development of diseases.

A few figures, physiologists, showing the effect of CO2 carbon dioxide levels on a person's condition:

• High quality air - up to 800 ppm, cheerfulness, perfect well-being.

• Medium quality air - 800 - 1000 ppm. At the upper limit, half of the people feel drowsiness, lethargy, decreased concentration and deterioration in the quality and speed of information processing.

• Low quality air - 1000-1400 ppm. Lethargy, lethargy, problems with information processing, a feeling of "stuffiness".
• Air unfit for life - ppm above 1400. Inability to concentrate, severe drowsiness, fatigue, sleep problems, dry mucous membranes.

Physiologists consider the content of carbon dioxide in the air at the level of 1400 ppm - the lowest point for relatively normal human functioning. All indicators with a large amount of carbon dioxide are already beyond.

illustrative example

To assess the severity of the situation without ventilation, here is a graph of CO2 levels. It was filmed as an experiment. To assess how much ventilation is needed in a modern house / apartment with plastic windows and thermal insulation measures taken.

Experiment conditions. Bedroom 13 squares (37 cubes), one person and one medium sized dog. The house has exhaust ventilation, a riser in the kitchen and in the boiler room. An exhaust fan is installed in the boiler room, which runs half the night and half the day on a timer. There is no supply, fresh air access through windows that have the function of ventilation and micro-ventilation.

Graph of carbon dioxide levels in a bedroom with a closed window and closed doors

Information to explain the graph:

• Point 1. From 20:00 - work at the computer, the doors are ajar, the window is closed.
• Point 2. The window was opened, the doors were ajar, everyone left the room.
• Between 1-2 they returned to the room, the window was closed, then opened. All this can be tracked by fluctuations in CO2 levels.
• Point 3. At 3-35 the doors and the window are closed, the man and the dog are sleeping.
• Point 4. 9-20 am, the man woke up. The level of CO2 is 2600 ppm, which is well below the extreme norm. The window was opened, carbon dioxide levels returned to normal in less than an hour (Point 5).

As you can see from the graph, most of the night passes with very high concentrations of carbon dioxide. This can be the cause of fatigue, poor health in the morning. In general, everything is clear.If you wish, you can conduct a similar experiment yourself. Only a weather station with the ability to measure the level of carbon dioxide (with memory) is required. Looking at the results of the experiment, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of the ventilation system. Let's understand how it works.

4 Equipment for local exhaust ventilation

A set of covers for exhaust systems can consist of several types of devices:

• solutions blocking the zone of release of potentially hazardous substances;
• structures outside the source of pollution;
• reblowing.

Local view of equipment

From a practical point of view, the most effective are the intake solutions located above the source. On most production lines, this principle of ventilation is simply impossible to implement. For such cases, there are a number of additional devices:

• display, shaped and side suctions;
• umbrellas;
• specialized cabinets with integrated hoods;
• a mechanism that removes secretions from the working area.

Onboard suction

Side suctions. The main scope of their application is objects where it is impossible to place an exhaust system in a vertical plane, since it is occupied by a source of pollution (chemical laboratories, electroplating shops). The design consists of several air ducts, the inlets of which are not more than 10 cm in size, they are zoned at the edges of the tray, bath.

Umbrellas

Umbrellas. The most affordable, common and simple product. They are mounted above the source of hazardous compounds, fumes.They can be based on both natural and forced draft (depending on the scale of the production price, the size of the object).

Drawer cabinets. A variety of solutions that effectively remove dangerous mixtures, with minimal air exchange. From the point of view of the implementation of the exhaust element, cabinets are:

• with side outlet;
• with a combined suction, from which gases and heavy vapors are collected;
• with a top fan - for the rapid absorption of hot air masses.

The presence of a sufficiently powerful engine, working in conjunction with a productive fan, allows the formation of air turbulence, which eliminates the possibility of the spread of unwanted gases or dust throughout the room, workshop, room. It is these options for exhaust systems that are installed at welding posts.

Closet (powered by suction of polluted air)

suction panels. The main scope of application is areas where heat, dangerous gases, unwanted dust are constantly released. The structure itself should be placed in such a way that it is at the maximum distance from the human face. The panels can absorb hazardous substances from one or both sides. From the place of work, they are suspended at a maximum distance of 3.5 m.

Experts recommend maintaining the following values ​​​​of the speed of propagation of air masses:

• 2 - 3.5 m / s - in the case of non-dusty and poisonous consistency;
• 5 - 4.5 m / s - when interacting with dust heated to a high temperature.

Features of ventilation of the premises of a private house

Any of the premises of a private house, residential and technical, need high-quality air exchange that corresponds to the functional purpose of the room.When arranging the ventilation system at home, these features must be taken into account.

Underground ventilation

The undergrounds of private buildings are characterized by the presence of damp, unventilated areas, which, in conditions of a high level of dampness, lack of sunlight and stale air, are a favorite place for the spread of various fungi. Rapidly growing colonies of microorganisms have a destructive effect on wood, concrete and metal structures.

For ventilation of the underground of a private wooden house organize ventilated openings in the basement around the entire perimeter of the foundation, creating a natural circulation of air masses under the floor. The dimensions of the base ventilation openings for rectangular holes must be at least 100 mm, and for round ones - from 120 mm. The height of the holes is within 300 mm from the ground surface.

An example of ventilation of a subfloor (cellar) Source givewhereyoulivehamptons.org

If natural ventilation cannot cope with dampness and mustiness, mechanical means of forced circulation are attracted to its aid - fan installations located on opposite sides. The mode of operation of the fans is determined in accordance with the task. They can work for half an hour several times a day or turn on for a longer period.

Upper floor ventilation

When using natural ventilation in two or three-story private houses, the biggest problem is flights of stairs, which can be considered as large ventilation ducts. Already “exhausted” air from the first floor rises up the stairs, which means that there will be a difference in temperature and humidity levels in the building between the lower and upper floors.

Designers and builders solve this problem by blocking the access of air from the stairs to the floors, or isolating each room separately. But the second option is practically not used because of its complexity, because in fact here you will have to make separate ventilation in each room separately.

What is ventilation?

How often do we air the room? The answer should be as honest as possible: 1-2 times a day, if you do not forget to open the window. And how many times at night? Rhetorical question.

According to sanitary and hygienic standards, the total mass of air in a room where people are constantly located should be completely updated every 2 hours.

Conventional ventilation is understood as the process of exchange of air masses between a closed space and the environment. This molecular kinetic process provides the ability to remove excess heat and moisture using a filtration system.

Ventilation also ensures that indoor air meets hygienic requirements, which imposes its own technological limitations on the equipment that will generate this process.

Ventilation subsystem - a set of technological devices and mechanisms for air intake, removal, movement and purification. It is part of an integrated communication system for rooms and buildings.

We recommend not to compare the concepts of ventilation and air conditioning - very similar categories that have a number of differences.

1. Main idea.Air conditioning provides support for certain parameters of air in a confined space, namely temperature, humidity, degree of ionization of particles, and the like. Ventilation, on the other hand, produces a controlled replacement of the entire volume of air through the inflow and outlet.
2. Main feature. The air conditioning system works with the air that is in the room and the inflow of fresh air itself may be completely absent. The ventilation system always works on the border of the enclosed space and the environment through exchange.
3. Means and methods. Unlike ventilation in a simplified form, air conditioning is a modular scheme of several blocks that processes a small part of the air and thus maintains the sanitary and hygienic parameters of the air within the specified range.

The ventilation system in the house can be expanded to any required scale and provides, in the event of an emergency in the room, a fairly quick replacement of the entire volume of air mass. What happens with the help of powerful fans, heaters, filters and an extensive piping system.

You may be interested in information on the arrangement of a ventilation duct made of plastic air ducts, discussed in our other article.

In addition to the main function, ventilation systems can be part of the industrial style interior, which is used for office and retail premises, entertainment facilities.

There are several classes of ventilation, which can be divided according to the method of pressure generation, distribution, architecture and purpose.

Artificial air injection in the system is carried out with the help of injection units - fans, blowers.By increasing the pressure in the pipeline system, it is possible to move the gas-air mixture over long distances and in a significant volume.

This is typical for industrial facilities, production facilities and public facilities with a central ventilation system.

The generation of air pressure in the system can be of several types: artificial, natural or combined. The combined method is often used

Local (local) and central ventilation systems are considered. Local ventilation systems are "point" narrowly focused solutions for specific premises where strict compliance with standards is required.

Central ventilation provides an opportunity to create a regular air exchange for a significant number of rooms of the same purpose.

And the last class of systems: supply, exhaust and combined. Supply and exhaust ventilation systems provide simultaneous supply and exhaust air in the space. This is the most common subgroup of ventilation systems.

Such designs provide easy scaling and maintenance for a wide variety of industrial, office and residential types.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Video #1 About the device of natural ventilation in a private house:

Video #2 A visual aid on the purpose and use of a brick ventilation duct in a country house:

Video #3 How to make the laying of ventilation ducts from solid bricks:

Video #4 Detailed recommendations on the rules for arranging ventilation in a private house:

Video #5 About the system of ventilation ducts made of flexible plastic pipes in a country cottage:

Having studied the features of choosing a ventilation system, you can choose the most appropriate option for your private home. And whether it is worth equipping ventilation ducts on your own or is it better to invite a team of specialists, it completely depends on the complexity of the chosen system, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house and personal skills.

If you have suggestions or interesting information on the installation of ventilation ducts, you know how to effectively modernize ventilation, please write comments. To place them after the text of the article there is a block. Here you can ask questions and point out shortcomings.