General building meters for heating: procedure and options for calculating heating

Special cases

In some cases, the procedure for calculating heat indicators becomes more complicated.

How to calculate indicators if payments come only during the heating season

Most often, payment methods are determined by the supplier company itself (exceptions for HOA are possible). Some companies provide the opportunity to pay part of the amount for heating in the summer. Features of payments for heating in the summer season:

• Unable to authenticate data for heat. The amount is distributed evenly, which means that the amount for spending in summer and winter is the same.
• You can choose an additional payment period yourself (then the amount of the periodic payment will be higher).
• By paying the entire amount at one time, the tenant will protect himself from a price increase, as he bought the body at a low rate.

The house does not have a common house heat meter

If a common metering device is not installed in the house, then the calculations are made according to the old algorithm of 2012, when the readings from all meters are summed up.

Houses without a control device are not uncommon. This is not due to the negligence of tenants or the head of a housing cooperative.

Gas companies do not always meet the needs of residents and reject some of the meter installation projects, as it is beneficial for them to round the amount up and receive payment at an increased rate. Especially if the meter has a non-standard configuration and does not comply with SNiP standards.

There is a common heat meter, apartment heating meters are not installed in all apartments

Difficult situation that may require manual calculation.If the meter shows data for each apartment separately, the problem is settled, and if not, you will have to count manually. It is impossible to simply divide the amount between all apartments, since each will consume a different amount of heat.

The calculation can be done if:

• Heating was paid earlier. Then you need to calculate how much heat has already been supplied, how much is left.
• If the tenant has a standardized tariff, according to which a certain amount of heat energy is allocated to him every month.
• If a heating protocol has been maintained since the beginning of the heating season (heating time, downtime periods).

All apartments are equipped with individual heat meters

From the readings of the total meter, you need to subtract the sum of all residential apartments. Divide the remaining number equally between all apartments (if they match in area). So we get the amount of payment for each apartment. To eliminate the chance of error or simplify the calculation procedure, you need to seal the counter.

Photo 2. Individual electronic type heating meter. The device is installed on heating pipes.

Heat payment in an apartment building where more than 50% of the apartments are equipped with distributors

A common house meter processes data from all apartments, but those that have individual meters will be calculated faster, and apartments without it will undergo additional verification.

Difficulties in the control procedure

A significant disadvantage is that when installing the meter, it is not possible to accurately calculate the heat, so it will show the same data for both a small battery and a large segment, although several sections will generate more heat.In addition, to calculate using this method, it is necessary that 75% of the residents install thermostats, otherwise the calculation will be incorrect.

Attention! Thermal insulation will help reduce heat loss, but not the current tariff, since the sensor measures data on pipes, and not on the entire room. However, by installing isolation, the service fee will decrease, because it will be possible to pay a lower tariff

In order not to calculate the cost of services every month, the management organization will present preliminary calculations for heat, based on the performance of appliances and statistics on the supply of resources. The values ​​​​are recalculated twice a year, and depending on the difference between the estimated figures and the actual ones, adjustments are made.

Payments are made throughout the year

In this case, the calculation of indicators also has its own characteristics.

The house has no common house or individual heat meters.

In this case, payment will be made at the standard rate, regardless of how much energy the tenant has used.

The amount of payment will be distributed in equal parts, which can be paid throughout the year.

There is a general building heat meter, apartment heat meters are not installed everywhere

A monthly fee will be charged, according to the average of the meter and the heating tariff. In other words, without individual metering devices, the tenant will overpay by an average of 20%, since tariffs are calculated with a surcharge and a safety factor of 1.2.

The order of registration and installation of the counter

So, in what sequence should the heating system of an apartment building be equipped with a meter if it was not installed immediately during construction.

The first step should be to hold a general house meeting - it is most often organized by representatives of the management company. At the meeting, a decision is made on the installation of a heat meter and the type of device is selected. Then representatives of the residents of the house or the management company apply to an organization with the appropriate authority and engaged in the supply and installation of heat meters.

Further work is carried out in the following order:

• A project is being drawn up to integrate the meter into the heating system of the house.
• The management company, having studied the draft, gives its consent to the installation work.
• Further, in accordance with the project, the device is installed in the system.
• After that, it is mandatory to test the operation of the device with the preparation of documentation from the installer company.
• In conclusion, a representative from the heat supply company is called, who seals the meter, draws up an act for its registration. And only after the official registration, the device becomes the basis for further calculations for the heat consumed by the house.

If all the above activities are not carried out, and the meter is not officially registered, then its data will not be considered legitimate, and will not be indicated in receipts for payment for heating.

Some factors affecting the operation of the device

During the operation of the meter, the quality of its work can be influenced by external factors, on which the accuracy of the readings taken sometimes depends.

The matter does not end with the installation of metering devices for consumed heat - they require regular checks, adjustments, and preventive maintenance.

The most common influencing factors today are:

• The high temperature of the coolant can partially or completely disable the metering device. Although, initially it was designed for such operating conditions. But sometimes the quality fails.
• The formation of scale on the inner walls of the pipeline reduces the diameter of the pipe, as a result, the passage of water flow becomes more difficult. In this regard, some counters stop giving real readings - as a rule, they change upwards.
• The lack of grounding of the pipeline leads to the formation of an electric charge inside the pipeline, which also causes errors in the meter readings.
• Contaminated coolant, as well as gas bubbles suspended in water, are a negative factor for all types of metering devices, as they affect the correctness of readings. To eliminate the occurrence of errors, it is necessary to install protective filters in front of the meter.
• Pressure drops in the heating system can also distort the meter readings.
• Layering of sediment in the cavity of the device itself. In the tachometric counter, the presence of sediment reduces the readings, while in all the others, on the contrary, it increases.
• Electronic equipment fails under the influence of high humidity and temperature changes in the room where the meter is installed.

It should be noted that all of the above points - the choice of a meter, control over its work, as well as negative factors affecting the accuracy of its readings, touch each of the residents of the house, affecting the amounts payable.Therefore, after the introduction of a heat meter into operation, all residents will have to be attentive to possible failures in the heating system, since they are likely to affect the meter readings. In case of problems, it is necessary to immediately call the specialists of the service company for preventive maintenance.

And what even a temporary failure of metering devices can lead to - the video presented to your attention very clearly shows:

Calculation of heating in an apartment with a common house meter

In this case, charges are made on the basis of meter readings taken over a specified time period, usually a month.

In the total consumption of heat energy, the part that falls on your residential premises is calculated, then it is multiplied by the established tariff. The formula for calculating heating according to a common house meter is as follows:

P=Q total*S/S total*T, where:

• Q total - the amount of heat consumed according to the readings of the metering device in Gcal.
• S total - the area of ​​\u200b\u200ball residential, free and office premises in the house in square meters. m.
• S - heated area in sq. m. It does not include balconies, loggias, terraces and verandas.
• T is the heating tariff set in the region.

It is worth noting that the recalculation of heating according to the common house meter should be carried out in any case based on the average temperature regime for the heating season. Then, upon its completion, part of the funds is returned to the tenants as an advance payment for future services or an invoice is issued for an additional payment.

Approval process for regulations and tariffs

All calculated indicators are compiled by specialists and employees of heat supply organizations.Then they are compulsorily approved by the energy commissions operating within a separate settlement, region, territory.

Representatives of local authorities and public organizations, as well as deputies of various levels are also invited to the meeting, which discusses the planned prices for heat energy.

Tariffs are calculated in accordance with the legislative acts of the Government of the Russian Federation, which establish consumption standards for housing and communal services, including the amount of heat. Heat supply organizations need to document and justify the proposed prices for heating services.

Since the actual outdoor temperature during the heating season may not coincide with the calculated standards, once a year the housing and communal services services recalculate.

In severe cold weather, consumers will have to pay a certain amount, while in mild winters there may be an overpayment, which is counted against future payments. The same procedure is carried out once a year in houses where flow meters are not provided.

How to install a common house heating meter

The law considers that a heat meter should be installed in almost every home. It is necessary to install a heat meter in every house. But there are also some exceptions. The list of houses that can function without heat meters includes emergency buildings and houses where the cost of the device is higher than payment for heating for six months.

Residents are required to pay for the installation of appliances. This raises questions: is it profitable to install heat meters. Savings are possible only in the case of a well-insulated house.

The order of installation of heat meters:

• Drawing up a project;
• Obtaining permits;
• Installation of the device;
• Registration of the counter;
• It is necessary to check the operability of the unit and draw up the necessary documentation.

The need to install a meter is determined at the meeting of residents. It is also necessary to collect finances for the installation of equipment. Then they turn to a qualified company. Subsequent verification and, if necessary, repairs are carried out by the same organization.

Reconstruction of the heating system

According to the new amendments, the calculation of the cost of heating should take into account "the total area of ​​residential and non-residential premises in which the technical documentation for an apartment building does not provide for the presence of heating devices, or residential and non-residential premises, the reconstruction of which, providing for the installation of individual sources of thermal energy, was carried out in accordance with with the requirements for the reorganization established by the legislation of the Russian Federation in force at the time of such reorganization. For these rooms, the value V_i, which can be conditionally defined as “the volume of heat energy consumed from the centralized heating system for heating directly in the i-th room”, is equal to zero.

That is, the value V_i in the calculation formulas it is equal to zero for premises in which the presence of heating devices was not initially provided, or in which a reorganization was carried out in terms of installing individual sources of thermal energy.

In accordance with Part 1 of Article 25 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, “Reconstruction of premises in an apartment building is the installation, replacement or transfer of engineering networks, sanitary, electrical or other equipment.”

It is important to note that in accordance with Part 1 of Article 26 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation “Reconstruction and (or) redevelopment of premises in an apartment building are carried out in compliance with the requirements of the law in agreement with the local government (hereinafter referred to as the body that carries out the coordination) based on the decision taken by it.” That is, during the reconstruction, the owner of the premises is not required to obtain the consent of the service provider.

That is, during the reconstruction, the owner of the premises is not required to obtain the consent of the service provider.

Therefore, at any time, a “surprise” can be presented to the contractor for heating from any owner of any of the premises of the house in the form of a notification that a reconstruction has been carried out in any of the premises of the house, and the calculation of the cost of heating for both this premises and and for all other rooms in the MKD, it is already necessary to conduct in a different order.

Classification of common house heat meters

Heat metering equipment, although it performs the same function, uses different principles of operation, has its own design features, and requires compliance with certain installation and maintenance specifics.

Therefore, you not only cannot, but also have no right to select a common house meter on your own. Only competent specialists of the relevant organizations will be able to accurately determine which type of devices is optimal in specific conditions, recommend a trusted supplier, and calculate the required amount of additional equipment.

It is useful to know that the following types of meters are used in housing and communal services:

• tachometric;
• electromagnetic;
• vortex;
• ultrasonic.

Tachometric counters are the simplest budget option.They are equipped with mechanical water meters and a heat meter. Their cost is significantly lower than other metering devices. The main disadvantage of such equipment is problematic operation in conditions of increased water hardness. The filter will often become clogged, and this will naturally weaken the pressure of the coolant: there is a dubious benefit. Therefore, tachometric meters are usually chosen for houses and apartments in the private sector. A huge advantage of mechanics is the absence of all kinds of electronic components, which allows the device to function even for a long time in adverse conditions (humidity, dampness).

The correct operation of a common house heat meter is influenced by such factors as the purity of the liquid in the system, uniformity of pressure, the microclimate of the room in which the measuring device is installed

Electromagnetic devices are an affordable solution that guarantees high measurement accuracy with high-quality installation and periodic qualified maintenance. Suitable for areas with good water quality, since metal impurities in it can distort the reliability of the device's indicators - upwards.

Vortex meters are easily mounted on both horizontal and vertical sections of the pipeline, display the correct readings under any conditions, have a radio interface that helps to detect malfunctions and take readings remotely - this is probably why service organizations speak of them very positively and recommend them, for the most part to install them.

Ultrasonic metering devices, although they are high-precision and modern, in practice they demonstrate not very high reliability - due to poor water quality, they often quickly fail.In addition, this equipment is very sensitive to welding currents.

Like any other measuring device, a general house heat meter is subject to mandatory periodic verification. Both the service life of the equipment and the objectivity of figures in utility bills depend on the quality of service.

Before installing the flowmeter, you need to know

All expenses for the purchase, installation, maintenance of the device are borne by the tenants. For owners of non-privatized apartments, the cost of installation is reimbursed by the local municipality.

When choosing a company to install a heating meter, you need to find out if it has permits, permits and certificates, as well as a certificate of state registration

The choice of an organization that will undertake the installation of the device requires special attention. It is desirable that the same company is also engaged in the maintenance of the meter, including the timely cleaning of filters, maintenance, regular checks of the device.

External negative factors

It is also important to take into account that many external factors influence the correct operation of flowmeters. Among them are reasons such as:

Among them are reasons such as:

• The formation of mineral deposits in the pipes, due to which their inner diameter decreases. This causes the flow to increase. Since measuring instruments are designed for a certain size of elements, reducing this figure will lead to incorrect calculations, and the result will be higher than the actual value.
• The presence of impurities in the water. Mechanical impurities and air bubbles cause a significant reading error, up to 10%.To clean the liquid, it is recommended to additionally equip the devices with filters that trap foreign particles.
• Precipitation on flowmeter parts. When using mechanical structures, such a process reduces the readings, while in other types of devices it causes a significant (sometimes multiple) excess of the actual values.
• Unfavorable microclimate of the room where the measuring device was installed. Dampness, temperature fluctuations are especially reflected in devices with electronic mechanisms.
• Lack of grounding and poor electrical circuits, as a result of which an electrical potential may arise in the pipeline.
• Uneven pressure in the system adversely affects the correctness of the measurements. The same can be said about the sloppy installation of the meter, which can also distort the data.
• Heat carrier temperature. Hot liquid, the temperature of which exceeds the permissible limits, can damage the elements of the meter.

To avoid false readings and prolong the life of the instrument, it is important to carry out regular qualified maintenance and inspection of the instrument.

Household ways to save money

There are several proven ways to reduce heating payments generated using common house meters.

Warming the facade of the house with mineral wool, polystyrene foam or other materials will reduce heat transfer to the environment, and therefore reduce heat consumption

The following joint activities will help to reduce the indicators:

• high-quality insulation of the building;
• full glazing of the entrance with the replacement of conventional frames with more durable and heat-insulating metal-plastic products.

Although such activities will require a one-time investment of residents, they are beneficial in the long run.

The need to install common house flow meters

The Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ “On energy saving of energy resources and the use of metering devices for used energy resources when calculating for them” indicates the importance of installing common house meters designed to control heat consumption. According to Law No. 261, management companies can install heat metering devices without the consent of residents of multi-apartment buildings, charging payment according to the data received

According to Law No. 261, management companies can install heat metering devices without the consent of residents of multi-apartment buildings, charging payment according to the data received

The regulation obliges to install such devices in all apartment buildings, with the exception of emergency buildings. In addition, it is considered inappropriate to equip buildings with these devices if the amount of payment for the purchase and installation of the flow meter exceeds the amount of heating payments received within six months.

Legislators believe that this Decree will contribute to the achievement of the following goals:

• Fair distribution of payment for heat energy supplied to homes. Homeowners who care about reducing heat loss (for example, those involved in thermal insulation of an apartment or facade) should pay less than those who constantly leak heat through cracks or an open window.
• Motivation of residents to respect both residential and common premises.They should know that the payment for heating will automatically increase in case of an open door or broken glass not only in the apartment, but also in the entrance.

In addition, Law No. 261 officially transfers responsibility for common property to tenants. According to this legal act, public utilities are no longer responsible for the condition of entrances, basements and attics. All work in common areas must be carried out at the expense of the owners of apartments located in the same building.

The principle of operation of the heat meter

The heat meter has a wide range of functions. It allows you to determine the period of time for the operation of devices, which is indicated on a specific metering station. It also indicates the temperature of the coolant. But the main thing is fixing the amount of heat energy consumed.

The heat meter scheme includes:

• Thermal converters - temperature sensors;
• Calculator - calculates the amount of heat spent;
• Power supplies;
• A flow meter is a sensor for calculating volume.

Using a heat meter, you can accurately calculate the amount of heat consumed

The heat meter is used to register the received heat, which comes with the coolant. The amount of energy that is used by the device per hour is determined, the temperature of the liquid at the inlet and outlet and into the system is taken into account. This is how the temperature difference is determined for a certain time. For this, a special calculator is provided in the counter.

The necessary data is supplied by flow and temperature sensors. One temperature sensor must be installed in the supply pipeline of the system, and the second - in the outgoing one. The calculator analyzes the received data and displays the exact consumption figure on the screen.

Nuances of payment for common house meters

The payment amount is not distributed equally among all tenants. Each payment of indicators occurs on personal meters, depending on the size of the living space with surcharges for maintenance. Commercial organizations also pay their TCO in the receipts for the apartment separately from everyone else.

If the amount appears to be too high on the receipt, then you can submit a written application for a detailed explanation of the calculation formulas and the readings of general and personal counters. If the management company refuses to provide information, you must contact the prosecutor's office.

Calculation of non-residential premises

When calculating the consumption of resources, it is necessary to include in the cost of the area that belongs to all residents, regardless of personal meters.

Tariff calculation formula:

In order to encourage residents to purchase common house metering devices, the state uses tariff surcharges for persons who have refused to establish an ODPU.

Please note: in addition to individual consumption of water, gas and electricity, the receipts include payment for general house consumption. This system is necessary to detect leaks in pipes from the organization supplying resources to the house

Payment of receipts on the example of heating

For the implementation of calculations, special formulas have been developed in accordance with the availability of metering devices.

Availability of equipment	Calculation example	Formula
Only common metering device	Monthly, the value of the meter is divided by the total area of ​​the entire building. Having received the money spent on 1 sq.m. the number of calories is multiplied by the heating tariff with the sum of the areas of the apartment with the adjacent share	Pi \u003d Vd * x Si / Sb * T, where: Vd - the amount of heat used during the billing period; Si - area of ​​non-residential or residential premises; Sb is the total area of ​​residential and non-residential buildings; T is the tariff for heat energy.
General and individual metering devices	It is used when it is possible to separate the pipes horizontally (high-rise buildings). From the indications of the ODPU for heating, the total indication from all meters of apartments is deducted. Then the obtained value is increased by the share of each apartment and by the established tariff with the payment for heating.	Pi \u003d ( Vin + Vi one * Si / Sb ) * T), where: Vin is the amount of heat used per billing period; Vi one - the amount of energy spent on heat; Si is the area of ​​a residential or non-residential structure; Sb - the total area of ​​​​all residential premises; T is the tariff for heat energy.
Lack of a personal meter in a separate apartment	ODPU readings are taken from all metering devices available in a particular apartment, minus the difference with the ratio of the common house meter, the result is divided by the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe entire house and multiplied by the amount of the area and the share of apartments without a meter. Only after that they multiply by the heating cost per 1 cubic meter. m.	Pi = ( Vi + Si * ( Vd - ∑Vi ) / Sb)xT, where: Si is the area of ​​a non-residential or residential building; Vd - house volume of heat consumption; Vi - heat consumption of a separate apartment; Sb is the total area of ​​residential premises; T is the tariff for heat energy.

The amount of the monthly deduction for the provision of the service is the result of the readings of the formulas.

Thus, despite a number of disadvantages of ODPU and the forced nature of the installation, it allows you to reduce the amount of resources consumed, thereby reducing the monthly costs of an apartment building.

How to pay: options and formulas

Payment for heating, as well as the procedure for calculating it, depends on the following conditions:

• if there is no ODPU;
• if ODPU is installed;
• if it costs IPU heat.

Let's consider each of the cases separately.

There is no ODPU heat in the house

If there is no ODPU heat in the house, heating must be calculated according to the standard, but depending on the following indicators:

1. The tariff, which is determined by the normative act of the tariff authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. In other words, each region has its own tariffs.
2. The area of ​​the apartment (dwelling). Balconies and loggias are not included in this parameter.
3. Established consumption standards in Gcal, which are determined by a regulatory act. In each region, the authorities independently determine this figure. It depends on climatic conditions.

The payment for heat will be calculated according to the formula:

P - payment;

N is the standard established in the region;

T - tariff;

P is the area of ​​housing.

As a result, the calculation does not depend on the actual amount of Gcal consumed. To improve the efficiency of heat supply, regulations have been adopted that determine the need to install metering devices.

ODPU stands, IPU does not

If the house is equipped with a common house heat meter, the calculation of the fee depends on the following indicators:

1. Tariff, which is determined by the normative act of the tariff authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
2. Heat consumption (calculated as the difference in readings taken from the meter).
3. The area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe living quarters and the areas of all other rooms in the house.
4. Volumes of thermal energy.

At the same time, the calculation formula will be much more complicated, and for its final compilation, it will initially be necessary to calculate the amount of thermal energy that is necessary for the dwelling in respect of which the calculation is made (hereinafter referred to as the indicator V):

S is the area of ​​housing (apartments);

S about - the sum of the areas of all rooms in this house;

S oi - the sum of the areas included in the property for common use;

S ind - the total area of ​​\u200b\u200ball rooms in which there are no heaters or there are other sources of heating.

The formula for calculating the payment for heat energy will be as follows:

P - payment;

V - the amount of thermal energy that is needed for the dwelling in respect of which the calculation is made;

S is the area of ​​housing;

Vd - the amount of thermal energy, calculated based on the readings of the ODPU;

T - tariff.

There is a heat meter both in the house and in the apartment

If you have an apartment heat meter (ITU), and the house also has an ODPU, the calculation of the heating fee will depend on the indications of the IPU heating meters.

The formula will consist of the following indicators:

P - payment;

V - the amount of thermal energy according to the IPU. The difference between the indications of the current month and the previous one is calculated;

V one - the amount of heat that entered the apartment building in places of general visit (stair flights, openings, basements, attics, etc.);

S is the area of ​​housing;

S about - the total area of ​​\u200b\u200ball the premises of an apartment building;

T - tariff.

In this case, it is necessary to calculate V one by the formula:

V one - the amount of heat that entered the house in places of general visit (stair flights, openings, basements, attics, etc.);

V d - the amount of heat, calculated as the difference in the monthly readings of the ODPU;

V - the amount of thermal energy, calculated based on the readings of the IPU.

It is important that even if the amount of Gcal consumed according to the IPI is 0, you still have to pay some amount for heating. This will be a payment for general house heat costs - for heating corridors, flights of stairs

Installation of a common building meter for heating

You can get information about the possibility of installing metering devices in your management company or in the design office. But you need to take into account the fact that the installation of such equipment is associated with the solution of organizational issues - the owners of some apartments may refuse additional costs.

Sometimes common house heating meters are installed for general control over the consumption of heat energy in the presence of their own meters in each apartment. In this case, tenants pay according to the meters both in the apartment and in common areas (for example, in the entrance).

Is it possible to save on heating at all?

From the above information, we can conclude that a common house meter does not provide obvious benefits for residents. However, there are ways that will help save money - these are individual heat meters installed in combination with thermostatic control devices for heating radiators.

Having such a device, you can independently control and regulate the heat supplied to the premises. In addition, if metering and thermal control devices are installed in all apartments of the house, this will allow their owners to depend less on each other.

Thermostatic regulator on the heating radiator - the set temperature is maintained in the room

• An individual meter is mounted at the entrance of the heating pipes to the apartment. The meter must be sealed by representatives of the organization controlling the heat supply, otherwise its readings will be considered invalid.
• Thermostatic regulators are installed at the heating radiator inlets.A simplified version is throttles (ordinary or specially designed cranes). thermostats. of course, they are more expensive, but they make it easier to precisely control the temperature of each of the radiators individually. Thus, it is possible to achieve a comfortable temperature in the premises and not suffer from the heat by opening the windows when it is + 10 ÷ 15 degrees outside, and utilities heat up, as at -20 ˚С.

The best option are digital or mechanical thermostats. The thermostat head is installed so that it is not exposed to the hot air rising from the heater. A special bellows device (expanding or decreasing in volume with a change in the air temperature in the room) acts on the thermal valve stem, which reduces or increases the cross section of the coolant passage to the radiator.

As mentioned above, if the radiators are connected to different heating risers, then metering devices will have to be installed on each riser. And it’s not at all a fact that they will be able to pay for themselves, since, in addition to buying, you will have to spend money on their maintenance, inspection and possible periodic repairs.

Radiator-mounted digital thermometer.

There is another way to account for the heat spent on heating an apartment - this is an electric thermometer that takes and records temperature readings from the surface of the radiator, as well as the air in the room. Such a device has a very affordable price, and it is easy to install it yourself - it is attached directly to the surface of the battery.

But such a device will in no way affect the payment for consumed heat - its readings have informational, but not official registration value.Having information about the operation of an individual radiator for a certain period, as well as the total costs of all radiators, one can only roughly estimate the heat costs for the entire apartment. This factor will be a good incentive to save or look for a “vulnerable spot” in the thermal insulation system in order to eliminate the heat leakage path that has appeared. Thanks to this, the overall heating costs can be significantly reduced.

But this increasingly applies to private houses or to individual heating systems in apartments.