In what cases it is impossible to drill a well

When to drill a well

It is traditionally believed that construction and drilling work is best done in the warm season, as the ground freezes in winter, and in spring and autumn there are severe weather conditions.

But with the development of modern technology, drilling can be carried out all year round. Let's look at each season separately.

If you are going to drill in the spring, then you will have to take into account some of the nuances. First of all, an increased level of groundwater due to snowmelt. It will not allow you to correctly determine the level of occurrence of the main aquifer. At the same time, difficulties may arise with the access of drilling equipment due to muddy soil.

Requirements for the location of the well

When choosing places for drilling many factors are taken into account: the geological features of the site, its topography, the influence of hydrological factors, the location of other objects of economic activity.

In addition, the convenience of the location of the future source of water supply is important, which will allow it to be operated without problems in the future. The selected location for the well must meet the following requirements:

The selected location for the well must meet the following requirements:

• the presence of an aquifer;
• convenient location for water intake;
• the possibility of plumbing;
• providing access to the drilling machine and other equipment for servicing the well;
• compliance with sanitary standards;
• lack of power lines, underground utilities.

Also, at the stage of choosing a place for a well, it is worth considering how the pumping equipment will be connected, i.e. take into account the presence of power lines. If in the future you plan to lay a surface water supply from the well, then it is desirable that the slope of the site does not exceed 35º.

When choosing a location for a well, not only the characteristics of its own site are taken into account, but also the surrounding areas for compliance with the specified requirements

How to make a well in the country

Almost every owner of a country house, and even a villager, wants to have a well on his site. Such a source of water from which it would be possible to constantly obtain high-quality water.

It is worth noting that if the water is at a depth of up to ten meters, then such a well can be drilled independently. This is not such a laborious process as it might seem at first glance. We need a standard pump.It will pump out water and at the same time, in a sense, drill a well.

Video-how to drill well in the country

Let's move on to the drilling process itself. It should be noted that the pipe that we will lower into the well must be located vertically. Water will be pumped into this pipe using a pump. The teeth should be located at the bottom end of the pipe. Such teeth can be made by hand. Water, which is under pressure from the lower end, erodes the soil. Since the pipe is heavy, it sinks lower and lower, and soon reaches the aquifer.

Video-how to drill a well under water

In order to really get drilling, we need only a steel pipe. The radius of such a pipe must be at least 60 mm (preferably more). Such a pipe will serve as a casing pipe. The length of such a steel pipe must not be less than the depth of groundwater. The end of the pipe, which we close at the top with a flange and a special fitting.

To do this, we use a pass-through fitting. Through this element, water will pump through the hose. We also need to use a welding machine. With it, we will weld four "ears" with special holes. These holes should fit the M10 bolts.

As a water tank, we will take a barrel with a volume of 200 liters. In order for us to somewhat speed up the drilling process, we need to shake the pipe and turn it a little either clockwise or counterclockwise. Thus, we will wash out a large amount of soil. For the convenience of pipe rotation, we can use a gate. To do this, take two metal tubes and attach them to the pipe.For these purposes, we can use special clamps.

For drilling, several people are needed (two are possible). In the place allotted for the well, a hole is dug. The depth of such a pit must be at least 100 cm. A pipe is lowered into this pit. And the jagged end down. Next, using the collar, deepen the pipe. It is worth noting that the pipe must be in a vertical position. Next, we turn on the pump. The hole will fill with water. We scoop it out. Then it can be spilled through a sieve and poured back into the barrel. It is quite possible to drill six meters in a few hours.

Here you can read:

how to drill a well for water, how to drill a well for water video, how to drill a well, how to make a well for water, how to make a well for water on the site video

How to find a respectable well construction contractor?

How to choose from a large number of companies the one who will do everything the right way?

To do this, when evaluating a potential contractor, you should find out whether he has his own equipment or whether he will rent it. Or maybe he will outsource the work to another firm?

It is worth contacting only those companies that do the entire cycle of work on their own, that is, on a turnkey basis. Then they initially work on a single project, understanding the nuances of each stage and bearing responsibility for each of the work performed.

Their opposite is dispatchers who take orders and pass them on to other performers. In the event of a decline in water quality, a well breakage or other problems, it will be difficult to find the last one.No one wants to take responsibility and a banal “kicking off” will begin.

It is not difficult to check the contractor "for lice": in the contract for drilling, development, installation of water treatment equipment, the contractor should be one company, and exactly the one you called.

Buy a well pump

What should be considered when determining the location of drilling a well

To begin with, you need optimal remoteness from various water users. It is most rational to shorten the length of the supply water pipe, however, in this case, the buildings may be scattered around the site.

There are certain standards: a well should be separated from the house by 5 m, from a septic tank - 25 m, from garbage dumps and landfills - 100 m, etc. It is forbidden to drill a well in the place of passage or parking of vehicles, close to the pedestrian zone. The list of rules for the remoteness of the well from various objects is quite large.

These requirements are necessary to guarantee the protection of the well from all types of pollution from the earth's surface. Mostly, contaminants enter the water intake of the well through the annulus, or through the caisson, concrete well or adapter in case of leakage. In this case, the depth of the well has no effect - 20 m, 120 m or 220 m.

In theory, absolutely hermetic caisson and casing pipe, made of the most reliable materials, allow you to drill a well anywhere. However, over time, the properties of each material change, corrosion and physical deformation occur, and there is a possibility of leakage. To prejudice these cases, there are norms for the minimum allowable distances from the well to various sources of pollution.In the case of planning a well on the edge of the site, try to find out from the neighbors if they plan to subsequently place a septic tank near your well.

Common mistakes

When performing work, it is important to avoid common mistakes. These are:

• Inaccurately established reason for draining the source. If this phenomenon is temporary, at the time of the new drilling, the old aquifer can resume its work.
• Carrying out works during the season of high standing of ground waters (spring/autumn). Here, the appearance of water during drilling will be false. When groundwater descends in summer or winter, the liquid from the well will disappear.
• Technological errors, incorrect calculations. This threatens to further shift sections of the casing string.
• Lack of specialist advice before work. It may happen that it is more expedient to drill a new source than to try to reopen the old one.

Drilling methods

Before starting work, you should decide how to work, since you can punch a well with your own hands in several ways:

• Rotary drilling method - the rotation of the drilling tool to deepen it into the rock.
• Percussion method - the drill rod is driven into the ground, deepening the projectile.
• Shock-rotational - driving the rod into the ground twice or thrice, then rotating the rod and driving again.
• Rope-percussion - the drilling tool rises and falls, regulated by a rope.

These are dry drilling methods. There is also a technology of hydrodrilling, when drilling is carried out using a special drilling fluid or water, which are used to soften the soil. The hydropercussion method requires high costs and special equipment.If manual drilling is carried out, a simplified version is used, pouring water over the soil to soften it.

How not to be deceived

There are several things that are usually closely monitored, but with them you will not be deceived when drilling:

• Old pipes. It is usually not customary to use old casing pipes and most drillers buy new ones from the metal depot before going to the site. Keep track of what you brought. The new steel pipe has a dark gray color, but after lying in the open for 2 weeks, it becomes covered with a thin layer of rust and looks like a used one, in such cases there is nothing to worry about, it is still a new pipe.
• Prepayment. This is a normal occurrence in construction. A well is an individual thing and the drilling crew cannot take it for themselves, everything is done for you and materials are bought specifically for your well, and also, time is wasted, gasoline is burned for moving and drilling ...
  In addition, sooner or later you will have to pay for the well and part with the money.
  Drilling wells for water without prepayment is carried out mainly by beginners, check such companies in detail.
  If the geology is difficult or if the depth of the well begins to exceed the expected values, the drillers may ask for additional money. This is also normal. With unexpectedly high well costs, many customers are looking for ways to avoid paying, and drillers must protect themselves from non-payment. Deception on the part of the summer resident is not uncommon, unfortunately.
  Experience has shown that when working without prepayment at all, half of the clients begin to find fault with anything, even if there is nothing. Nobody wants to part with money.
• Exploration drilling. There is a myth that drillers can come to your site, drill a well in 1 day, say that they did not find water, take half the price for exploratory drilling and leave. But what's the point? The well is ready, you can take the full cost ... In any case, drilling for 50% of the cost will quickly ruin the drilling company.

You will be interested in:

Price for drilling a well water

Sanitary zones of artesian wells

How to make a well

Well inside the house

Drinking water well depth

Self draining wells what to do

Reliable exploration drilling method

The most reliable way to avoid annoying miscalculations is to search for official information about the hydrogeological situation of the site. You can get data from a local drilling organization or from a weather service that has all the characteristics of the geological and climatic specifics of the region.

For self-reconnaissance, you can use the manual method, which does not require financial costs. Before starting drilling, it is necessary to prepare the required equipment: a hand drill, a shovel, and also take care of the place of storage of the soil raised to the surface.

This method is suitable for soft soils that can be drilled with a hand drill. For denser rocks, you will have to call drillers and use more serious equipment.

Advantages of exploration drilling:

• 100% result of the search and determination of the depth of groundwater;
• the ability to assess groundwater;
• the ability to accurately calculate the cost of drilling.

An exploratory well, as a rule, is arranged in a place chosen for organizing water intake. Those. no one will conduct exploration especially for a private trader - it is expensive, because you will have to pay for each drilled meter at the usual rate, and it makes no sense.

If there is no water in the well at a depth acceptable for operation, it is classified as exploratory and simply covered with soil extracted during drilling. No one else will drill anything in this area - it's useless. If the well has opened an aquifer, they simply equip the source and build a water supply system based on the water intake.

In the process of exploratory drilling, the depth of groundwater occurrence, the thickness of the aquifer and the presence of horizons overlapping it are determined

Reasons for the disappearance of water in the well

The aquifer can dry up if several wells are connected to it

To make sure that the water level in the well is constantly decreasing, you need to watch it. Perhaps this is a temporary problem, provoked by the characteristics of the aquifer or weather conditions in the region. It is useful to talk with neighbors and find out how things are with their sources. If the problem arose only with a specific well, then we are talking about the exhaustion of the resource.

The main reasons for the drop in the water level in the well:

• clogging of the bottom filter, if the source is drilled on a true floater;
• deviation of the shaft from the vertical position, subject to technical errors at the time of well construction;
• casing depressurization;
• a large number of sources in the village, fed from one aquifer (especially the problem of the disappearance of water in the hydraulic structure is noted immediately after drilling a well from a neighbor);
• a long period of summer drought (the problem is typical for springs on sand);
• construction of a well during a period of high groundwater standing.

It is desirable to drill a well or deepen it in summer or winter.

Dealing with terminology: what the name says

There is hardly a person who has never heard of an artesian well and that this is one of the best water supply options. An artesian well is a circular excavation drilled to aquifers with certain properties.

Some underground aquifers lie between impermeable layers. Interstratal waters can be non-pressure and pressure; the latter are called artesian. The name comes from the historical region of Artois in northeastern France. Here, since the 12th century, for the first time in Europe, they learned how to arrange gushing wells.

Artesian layers are located in certain geological structures (in depressions, bends, deflections). The depth at which artesian water lies depends on the specific geological conditions. Aquifers are formed at different depths, from 100 to 1000 m; for domestic use, springs with a depth of no more than 150-200 m are most often developed.

Scheme of the device of an artesian well

The artesian aquifer consists of sedimentary rock: limestone, sand, dolomite or gravel.Water fills voids, cavities and cracks in loose material. The aquifer is enclosed between water-resistant layers (usually clay), so the water in it is under pressure.

The artesian aquifer consists of sedimentary rock: limestone, sand, dolomite or gravel. Water fills voids, cavities and cracks in loose material. The aquifer is enclosed between water-resistant layers (usually clay), so the water in it is under pressure.

Optimal time to drill

Having resolved the question of where it is best to drill an aquifer, it is necessary to decide when to drill. Experts believe that every season has its own pros and cons for drilling operations. They unanimously agree on one thing: it is impossible to drill a well in the spring.

There are several reasons for this:

• the presence of a flood raises the level of groundwater;
• it is impossible to reliably determine the location and depth of the aquifer;
• spring thaw will make it difficult for drilling equipment to pass.

In most regions of Russia, well drilling is impossible from March to May, in the northern regions from April to mid-June. In arid regions, it is also not recommended to carry out drilling work in the spring, even in the absence of floods, in this case, groundwater is still unstable, their level is noticeably increased.

Drilling a well in the spring is possible if exploratory drilling was carried out in the summer-autumn period and the depth of the aquifer is known exactly

Summer-autumn period

The best time for a well device is July-September. At this time, the level of perched water is at a minimum, which means that it is possible to accurately determine the optimal horizon for a future well.

Also, the advantages of drilling in the summer-autumn period include:

• dryness and stability of the soil;
• the possibility of access to special equipment;
• comfortable temperature for drilling operations.

Many site owners prefer to start work on arranging wells in the fall after harvesting, so that special equipment does not damage the plantings, and when flushing the well, crops are not flooded with pollution.

When planning the construction of a well for the period August-early September, please note that at this time the drilling companies are busy, so it is necessary to agree on a date in advance.

Drilling in winter

Winter is the perfect time for drilling of artesian and sand wells to groundwater. In this case, the risk of misidentification of the aquifer is minimized, since perch water does not interfere with the determination of the level of groundwater.

Modern technology easily copes with frozen soil, while at the same time harming the relief of your site to a minimum.

Flushing the well must be done, it is performed not only for the sake of pumping muddy water. The soil collapsed during drilling can clog the pump and instantly disable it. Therefore, inexpensive vibration units such as the Brook are chosen for pumping, which it will not be a pity to part with immediately.

An important factor: in winter, the number of clients from drilling firms decreases, which means that the cost of drilling operations decreases.

In winter, special equipment does not spoil the landscape of the site, does not harm lawns and green spaces, the soil remaining after drilling will shrink and work on its cleaning in the spring will be minimized