LED lamp E40: device, characteristics, scope

Installation of GX53 LED lamps

In suspended or stretch ceilings, lighting fixtures are attached to the main ceiling using height-adjustable brackets. The placement is determined before ordering the structure so that the manufacturer can determine where the holes will be.

Before installing a suspended (stretch) ceiling, installation sites are marked on the main, holes are drilled and wires are laid. Luminaires are mounted after installation of the ceiling structure.

• assembly of rack-brackets and fixing in holes;
• setting the height of the rack and installing and securing the ramp (platform);
• connection to lamps of wires;
• checking the position of lighting devices (distance to the structure 0.5-1 mm);
• attachment to the platform.

Lamps for this type of light bulbs are:

• stamped or cast;
• fixed or swivel;
• with cold or warm light;
• square, oval, round.

Life time

When choosing LED lamps, you should also take into account their service life, which manufacturers indicate on the packaging. However, these figures are very relative. Even if the manufacturer indicates 30 thousand hours on the box, the LED lamp can fail much earlier. The overall service life depends on other parts of the equipment. Also, this indicator is affected by the assembly quality of the lamp, the soldering of radio elements. Since LED elements have a long life, no manufacturer can test the run time. Therefore, all pointers on the packages can be considered conditional.

Service life of different types of light bulbs.

How is the luminous flux of an LED lamp measured?

As I said, the luminous flux of an LED lamp or any other light source can be measured in Lumens. Lumens are abbreviated as Lm or Lm on lamp packages.

Before proceeding to the calculations, it is important to understand what Lumen is. Let's imagine that our light bulb is a sandbag from which sand is constantly pouring, imagine that one lumen is one grain of sand

The number of lumens for our bag bulb will mean how many grains of sand will fall on one square meter of surface, for example, 900 lumens will mean that 900 grains of sand will fall on one square meter.

But we don’t have ordinary sand, but light, and it is scattered evenly over the entire surface, so if the luminous flux of the lamp is 900 lumens, and the area of ​​​​the room is 3 square meters, then 300 lumens will fall per square meter.

And here we come to another very important parameter - the illumination of the room. Lumens characterize only the luminous flux of the lamp, if we continue our analogy, then the amount of sand that can spill out of the bag

But there is one more parameter - this is the illumination of the room and it is measured in lux. Lux shows how many lumens will fall in a certain room per square meter. Denoted Lk or Lx. If we said that our light source emits 900 Lumens, and the area is three square meters, then the illumination of our room will be 300 lux. For those who are very fond of formulas 1 lux = 1 lumen / 1 square meter.

Got it? Now let's move on to the question of how to find out the lighting power of LED lamps.

Features of the Edison base

The “E” base (from the Latin Edison) is a threaded (screw) Edison base. This type of base is the most common since its invention and can be of the following sizes: 5, 10, 12, 14, 17, 26, 27, 40 mm. And each of the sizes has its own name.

Lamp type	Name
E40	GES - big
E26, E27	ES - medium
E14	SES - minion (small base)
E10, E12	MES - miniature
E5	LES - micro base.

The screw base is used in halogen, LED, fluorescent and analogues with an incandescent filament.

Peculiarities

The main advantages of the base type:

• simplicity of the cartridge;
• connection reliability;
• mains supply 220 volts (for socles E14, E27, E40).

The most common version of the Edison base is E27, which is used for household lighting fixtures.

Device

According to the established abbreviation DNaT, these are (D - arc, Na - sodium, T - tubular) devices. According to the principle of operation, they belong to high-pressure lighting equipment. Structurally, HPS lamps are a glass bulb with a base, usually E27 or E40.

Rice. 1. HPS lamp device

The internal device consists of:

• discharge tube - made of aluminum oxides and designed to burn an arc inside the lamp;
• electrodes - designed to start the discharge, which is why they are made of molybdenum;
• gas mixture - acts as a medium for generating light radiation, the main percentage here is occupied by sodium vapor, but argon is included as an impurity to accelerate ignition, mercury to ensure high light output.

The flask is made of heat-resistant glass, since the gas in the tube can be heated up to 1300ºС, as a result of which the HPS lamp itself on the surface will have from 100 to 400 ºС. A vacuum is installed inside the lamp for better light output.

Disposal

Considered light devices are classified as the first class of danger. Therefore, now the number of places where these are prohibited for use is growing. It is possible that in a few years mercury lamps will be phased out everywhere, as the policy of states is aimed at reducing the amount of equipment containing mercury. Fulfilling the state order, the public utilities reduce the use of DRL.

Unfortunately, not everyone thinks about the issues of decommissioning such light sources. By doing this, they harm not only themselves, but also those around them.

Soon their sale will be completely stopped. Devices containing mercury will be left only in medical equipment until a safe alternative is found.

Currently, the disposal of mercury lamps is a licensed service. On September 3, 2010, a corresponding resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation was adopted. The document describes the requirements for the disposal process, contains information on the procedure for dealing with mercury contamination. The process of demercurization - removal of mercury is described.

Now all legal entities of the Russian Federation are required to generate a waste certificate for fluorescent lamps and keep a strict record of mercury-containing waste. The presence of mercury is already a potential hazard.

Recycling and disposal are understood as the recovery of obsolete metals from devices containing them. Mercury included. A damaged flask will ensure the release of liquid metal into the environment.

In Russia, the law FZ-187 (Article 139) is in force. According to it, a fine will be collected for improper disposal or placement of a hazardous waste container in the wrong place. Unauthorized export outside the storage area is also punishable.

Comparison

Comparison table of energy-saving lamps and incandescent lamps

Designations:

1. Radiation power is given in Watts (W/W). Depending on the power, the brightness of the light source depends, respectively, there is a greater consumption of electricity. The luminous flux, measured in lumens (Lm / Lm), characterizes the light power of the radiation flux.
2. Luminous efficiency is an indicator of the source, showing the level of light production by each watt of energy. This parameter is measured in Lm/W.
3. Illumination - shows the degree of illumination of a particular room, measured in Lux (Lx). This characteristic shows the ratio of a unit of luminous flux to the illumination of a unit area.
4. Color rendition - this parameter indicates the degree of transmission of the color spectrum along with natural.

general characteristics

An LED lamp with an E40 base is a bulb, on the inner surface of which a substance is applied that contributes to the creation of radiation, which then transforms into a luminous flux.

For a huge amount of time, incandescent lamps known from the Soviet era were produced with a similar base, today, by analogy, fluorescent energy-saving lamps are also produced, but the thread remains the same.

The E40 lamp is inserted into the same socket into which a conventional incandescent lamp is inserted. Thread diameter - 40 mm - the main difference between this lamp and a similar one with an Edison base. It is the largest among devices with a similar base, so lamps with an E40 base are often called goliaths.

Pros and cons of DRV lamps

In general, the advantages and disadvantages of DRVs are explained by their design features inherent in gas-discharge devices.

pros

• Compatible with incandescent lamps. Does not require PRA.
• Warm white glow, more pleasing to the eye.
• Better color reproduction.
• Low price.
• Energy efficiency.

Minuses

• Long ignition - from three to seven minutes.
• The presence of mercury.
• Low luminous flux.
• fragility.
• Difficulties in recycling. Mercury lamps are disposed of exclusively by certified companies.
• Imminent phasing out and possible prohibition of operation. According to the provisions of the Minamata Convention, in 2020, mercury-containing devices must be decommissioned.Accordingly, an alternative will have to be found. The only decent option is LED lighting.
• moral obsolescence.
• DC operation is not possible.
• The phosphor is subject to degradation.

At home, such light sources have not found application. Neither the quality of the light nor the long time to reach the operating mode contributes to this.

Myth one The more LEDs, the better.

Let's look at this myth using three popular ring lamps as an example:

Mettle LED 240 mini which has 240 LEDs, the light temperature is controlled by a special dimmer. You can buy for 5990 rubles. Mettle LED 240 which has 240 LEDs and the temperature of the light is regulated with diffuser covers. The price is 8490 rubles. And Mettle LED Premium FD-480, well, or Mettle LED Lux FE-480 which have 480 LEDs, the light temperature is controlled by a dimmer. The price tag is higher: 11990 and 13990 rubles.

It would seem that everything is obvious: when choosing, preference should be given to the budget lamp Mettle LED 240 mini with convenient temperature control. After all, it is better to turn the dimmer than to change diffusers, plus the price does not bite ... And if the wallet allows, we immediately look at the Mettle LED Premium FD-480 and Mettle LED Lux FE-480 lamps. They have no equal at all! And there is a dimmer and there are twice as many LEDs. Everyone, we take!

Yeah. No matter how. Here's a secret for you: the LED is set to only one glow temperature. In simple terms, this means that one LED cannot shine with both warm and cold light. You ask, how is that?! And the vaunted dimmer? How does he work there then?

The answer is very simple and obvious. On lamps with a regulator, half of the LEDs are set to cold light, and the other half to warm.That is, only 120 LEDs work simultaneously on the Mettle LED 240 mini lamp, and 240 diodes on the Mettle LED Premium FD-480 and Mettle LED Lux FE-480 lamps.

And what do we get?

On the Mettle LED 240 mini lamp, 120 LEDs work simultaneously and its price is 5990. On the Mettle LED 240 lamp, 240 LEDs work simultaneously and its price is 8490 rubles. On lamps Mettle LED Premium FD-480, well, or Mettle LED Lux FE-480, 240 LEDs work simultaneously and their price is 11990 and 13990.

So, which lamp should you choose?

In fact, of the listed lamps, there is no better or worse. The fact is that each of these lamps is simply designed for different purposes.

Mettle LED 240 mini is designed for local lighting. It is ideal for eyebrow artists, lash makers, nail artists, permanent makeup artists.
Mettle LED 240 is designed for large-scale lighting. It will come in handy in your store or showroom. It also suits a wide variety of professionals from the beauty industry: makeup artists, stylists, cosmetologists and tattoo artists. In a word - for those who need a lot of light and two modes are enough: warm and cold. Do you think they change them often?

Mettle LED Premium FD-480 and Mettle LED Lux FE-480 lamps are also designed for large-scale lighting. But. If you are a generalist, it will be much more convenient for you to change the temperature of the light using a dimmer, rather than endlessly rearranging diffusers

Also, you should pay attention to these models if you are choosing a lamp for a beauty salon, where the lamp will be used by specialists in various fields. In addition, photographers and videographers will definitely appreciate the large-scale light, coupled with fine temperature settings, because it will make it easier for them to further process photos.

Now, I think you have figured it out a bit and it will be much easier for you to choose the right lamp.

Sodium lamp device

Outwardly, these lamps are similar to DRL. The outer body is a cylindrical glass cylinder, but it can also be in the form of an ellipse. It contains a "burner" - a tube inside which an arc discharge occurs. The electrodes are located at its ends. They are connected to the plinth. Sodium is not used in the manufacture of the "burner", since its vapor has a rather strong effect on the glass case. In addition, the outer flask also plays the role of a "thermos" - it isolates the burner from the external environment.

The figure mentions a getter. It is rarely mentioned in the help documentation. A getter is a gas absorber, an adsorber. It is able to trap and hold gas except for inert ones. It finds its application not only in gas-discharge lamps, but also in radio electronics - vacuum devices. Its main function is to increase the service life. The absence of foreign matter reduces the "poisoning" of the electrodes.

The burner itself is made of polycor, a polycrystalline alumina. It is obtained by sintering. Moreover, only the alpha form of the crystal lattice is acceptable for the manufacture of the body of the discharge tube. It is characterized by the maximum density of "packing of atoms". This is a development by General Electric. The developer called this material "lucalos". It is resistant to sodium vapor and transmits about 90 percent of visible radiation. For example, a dnat 400 has a tube 8 centimeters long and 7.5 millimeters in diameter. With increasing power, the size of the "burner" increases. The electrodes are made of molybdenum.In addition to sodium in vapor form, an inert gas, argon, was injected. It is required to facilitate the formation of a discharge. To improve light output, mercury and xenon are introduced. When the lamp is on, the temperature in the burner reaches 1200-1300 kelvins. Around 1300 Celsius. Air is evacuated from the flask to prevent damage. It is quite difficult to maintain a vacuum, since microscopic cracks and holes can appear during thermal expansion. Air can enter through them. To eliminate this, special gaskets are used. The flask does not heat up as much as the burner. The usual temperature is 100C. Orange, yellow, golden colors are expressed in the glow.

Previously, lamps had only a round threaded base, like household incandescent lamps. However, a new type of plinth has recently appeared - Double Ended.

Regardless of the design, the spectrum will be approximately the same.

Basically, this type of lamps is used by agricultural enterprises. They are typically twice as thin as a standard sodium lamp. The flask is made of quartz. Inside the flask is nitrogen. The burner has two electrodes for supplying a pulse and subsequent supply voltage to maintain the discharge. The conclusions are located at the ends of the lamp, this is a more perfect solution to avoid thermal deformation of the bulb.

HPS lamps with two burners have also been developed.

The variety shown in the photo is usually used for greenhouse placement (for lighting purposes). The second burner is a metal halide lamp. In fact, this model is a hybrid of HPS and MGL in a single package.

But there are also models that contain a pair of identical burners. They are in a common tank and connected in parallel.This is done for the alternate use of each of the gas discharge tubes. During operation, only one emits light. It is the one where the most suitable conditions are lit. This solution reduces the overall operating costs. Otherwise, the options with one or two tubes do not have any fundamental differences, the power and luminous flux parameters will be the same. The principles are not changed.

Dimensions and specifications

To begin with, let's deal with the design of the LB 40 lamp and its capabilities. Structurally, the device is a glass flask, at the ends of which two electrodes are soldered with spirals of refractory material (usually tungsten) connected to them. The inner surface of the flask is coated with a powdered phosphor, the flask itself is filled with an inert gas with the addition of a small amount of mercury or amalgam and sealed. Outside, the electrode leads are equipped with G13 two-pin sockets.

When the lamp is turned on, a glow discharge occurs in the bulb, which causes the mercury molecules to emit in the ultraviolet spectrum. Light, falling on the phosphor, causes its bright glow, but already in the visible spectrum, and is itself absorbed by the same phosphor and lamp glass. Thus, the device emits only visible light. Marking LB 40 is deciphered as follows:

• L - linear fluorescent lamp;
• B - white light;
• 40 - power of the device in watts.

As for the dimensions of this light source:

Marking	Length, mm	Diameter, mm	plinth
LB 40	1200	38 or 25.4	G13

Now let's take a look at the main characteristics of the LB 40:

Characteristic	Parameter
Supply voltage, V	220 or 127
Power consumption, W	40
Luminous flux, lm	2800
Color temperature, K	3500
Color rendering index (RA or CRI)	60-69%
Resource, h	10000

Materials used in incandescent lamps

In the manufacture of incandescent lamps, different materials are used. Production is regulated by the relevant articles of GOST, which spell out all the necessary requirements - from size to safety requirements.

Metals

The incandescent lamp contains metal parts - a spiral and holders. The filament is most often made from tungsten - a refractory metal with a melting point of up to 3400 ° C. Much less often, osmium and rhenium are used for spirals. When connected to the network, the temperature of the filament reaches 2000-2800 ° C. The legs must withstand high temperatures and have a low thermal expansion rate, so they are made from molybdenum, which meets the requirements put forward.

Inputs

In this lighting element, the contacts will also be metal, through which the current from the network will be transmitted to the working area. One contact is an aluminum base, to which a wire is attached from the inside, which goes to the electrode (most often, nickel). The second contact is located on the bottom of the base and is separated from the main body by an insulator.

glass

In an incandescent lamp, the bulb is made of ordinary transparent glass. There are types of frosted glass, which scatters light, making it softer. There are special models in colored flasks or with a mirror coating.

gases

To prevent the formation of oxide and combustion of tungsten, the lamp bulb is filled with an inert (chemically inactive) gas - argon, xenon, krypton or nitrogen. There are vacuum types. In addition to a relative increase in service life, such models have minimal heat transfer.

Types of light bulbs.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like any light source, DRLs have their positive aspects. But, unfortunately, there are more negative sides.

pros

• Great light output.
• High power (main plus).
• Small body dimensions.
• Low price (compared to LED products).
• Small power consumption.
• Service life - up to 12 thousand hours. This parameter is determined by the quality of manufacture. Not all manufacturing companies carefully control the process. This is especially true for new Chinese firms.

Minuses

• The presence of mercury.
• Long exit time.
• Do not start a heated lamp until it cools down. It's about fifteen minutes.
• Sensitivity to voltage surges (voltage deviation of 15 percent causes a change in brightness of up to 30 percent).
• Sensitivity to ambient temperature. The colder it is, the longer the time to return to normal operation.
• Pulsation of light and low color rendering (Ra not more than 50, comfortable from 80).
• Very strong heating.
• The need for special heat-resistant wires and cartridges.
• The need for PRA.
• The DRL illuminator makes a buzzing sound.
• During operation, ozone is formed. According to sanitary standards, ventilation must be present.
• All arc lamps are not compatible with dimmers - devices for smooth control of illumination.
• During operation, the phosphor layer degrades, the luminous flux weakens, the luminescence spectrum deviates from the reference one. By the end of the service life, they lose up to fifty percent of the luminous flux.
• During operation, flickering is possible.
• DC operation is not possible.

If you still plan to use DRL for lighting, then it is advisable to refrain from purchasing cheap lamps of unknown origin.

In European countries, Osram and Philips still hold the leading positions in the quality of manufacturing of lighting devices.

Types of powerful e40 LED lamps for indoors and outdoors

They are distinguished according to:

• luminous flux and design form;
• on the type of LEDs.

The most common forms of e40 lamp design:

1. SA or candle in the wind. Attractive shape, often used to decorate the interior of the room.
2. G is a round lamp. Available in the form of mini-balls, and the form of large spherical lamps.
3. R and BR. Reflectors are available in various sizes. Designed for spot lighting of objects.
4. MR and PAR are reflectors equipped with flat reflective surfaces.
5. T - are characterized by tubular shapes. The design of the lamp visually resembles a corncob.

E40 lamp color temperature

The most important parameter when characterizing the E40 LED bulb is the color temperature of the lighting elements.

The market mainly presents lamps with neutral and cold light (4,000-6,000 K), which is easily explained, since the lamps we are interested in are mainly focused on street lighting, industrial areas.

If desired, you can place an individual order. Experience shows that E40 lamps can regulate the temperature of light from 2,700 to 8,000 K. It should be borne in mind that the normal color temperature in the room is 3700-4200 K (natural white) and 2600-3200 K (warm white).

A brief overview and testing of popular LED lamps

Although the principles of constructing driver circuits for various lighting devices are similar, there are differences between them both in the sequence of connecting elements and in their choice.

Consider the circuits of 4 lamps that are sold in the public domain. If desired, they can be repaired with your own hands.

If there is experience with controllers, you can replace the elements of the circuit, re-solder it, and slightly improve it.

However, scrupulous work and efforts to find elements are not always justified - it is easier to buy a new lighting fixture.

Option #1 - BBK P653F LED Bulb

The BBK brand has two very similar modifications: the P653F lamp differs from the P654F model only in the design of the radiating unit. Accordingly, both the driver circuit and the design of the device as a whole in the second model are built according to the principles of the first device.

The board has compact dimensions and a well-thought-out arrangement of elements, for fastening of which both planes are used. The presence of ripples is due to the absence of a filter capacitor, which should be at the output

It is easy to find flaws in the design. For example, the installation location of the controller: partly in a radiator, in the absence of insulation, partly in a plinth. The assembly on the SM7525 chip produces 49.3 V at the output.

Option #2 - Ecola 7w LED lamp

The radiator is made of aluminum, the plinth is made of heat-resistant gray polymer. On a printed circuit board half a millimeter thick, 14 diodes connected in series are fixed.

Between the heatsink and the board is a layer of heat-conducting paste. The plinth is fixed with self-tapping screws.

The controller circuit is simple, implemented on a compact board. The LEDs heat the base board up to +55 ºС. There are practically no ripples, radio interference is also excluded

The board is completely placed inside the base and connected with short wires. The occurrence of short circuits is impossible, since there is plastic around - an insulating material. The result at the output of the controller is 81 V.

Option # 3 - collapsible lamp Ecola 6w GU5,3

Thanks to the collapsible design, you can independently repair or improve the device driver.

However, the impression is spoiled by the unsightly appearance and design of the device. The overall radiator makes the weight heavier, therefore, when attaching the lamp to the cartridge, additional fixation is recommended.

The board has compact dimensions and a well-thought-out arrangement of elements, for fastening of which both planes are used. The presence of ripples is due to the absence of a filter capacitor, which should be at the output

The disadvantage of the circuit is the presence of noticeable pulsations of the light flux and a high degree of radio interference, which will necessarily affect the service life. The basis of the controller is the BP3122 microcircuit, the output indicator is 9.6 V.

We reviewed more information about Ecola brand LED bulbs in our other article.

Option #4 - Jazzway 7.5w GU10 lamp

The external elements of the lamp detach easily, so the controller can be reached quickly enough by unscrewing two pairs of self-tapping screws. The protective glass is held on by latches. There are 17 serial-coupled diodes on the board.

However, the controller itself, located in the base, is generously filled with compound, and the wires are pressed into the terminals. To release them, you need to use a drill or apply soldering.

The disadvantage of the circuit is that a conventional capacitor performs the function of a current limiter.When the lamp is turned on, current surges occur, resulting in either a burnout of the LEDs or a failure of the LED bridge

No radio interference is observed - and all due to the absence of a pulse controller, but at a frequency of 100 Hz, noticeable light pulsations are observed, reaching up to 80% of the maximum indicator.

The result of the controller's operation is 100 V at the output, but according to the general assessment, the lamp is more likely to be a weak device. Its cost is clearly overestimated and equated to the cost of brands that are distinguished by stable product quality.

We have given other features and characteristics of the lamps of this manufacturer in the following article.