Do-it-yourself installation of a septic tank "Tank": installation and maintenance instructions

Installation of a septic tank

External inspection before installation

If you purchased a septic tank for your country house, then the installation instructions will help you during installation. This document is included with any model. All features are included in the instructions. The general points are as follows:

The first thing to do before starting installation is to inspect the delivered septic tank. Check for any damage. If you skip them, the device may not work effectively.

Now it is worth starting to determine the place for installation. Septic tanks will not smell bad. Therefore, it is not necessary to remove them to the farthest corner of the site, but hygiene requirements must be observed.The septic tank must be installed at a small distance from residential buildings and the place of water intake.

It is necessary to provide access to the septic tank for pumping

When choosing a place for installation, you need to remember some nuances. Firstly, from time to time it will be necessary to pump out the accumulated residues, therefore, the entrance of the sewer truck must be provided. Secondly, installing a septic tank far from home is uneconomical. In this case, you will have to mount a long sewer system.

It is also worth paying attention to plantings nearby. The roots of large trees can damage the walls. For this reason, it is undesirable to plant vegetation closer than three meters from the installation site.

For this reason, planting vegetation closer than three meters from the installation site is undesirable.

The foundation pit is ready

If you have decided on a place, you can get to work. Installation of a septic tank begins with digging a pit. Its dimensions should be slightly larger than the containers themselves. On the sides it is worth leaving 20-30 cm - for backfilling. Also, the depth must be increased by the thickness of the pillow (20–30 cm). Sand after backfilling must be carefully compacted.

Find out the depth of groundwater. If it is too close to the surface, then more work needs to be done. A concrete slab or a screed of sand-cement mortar must be laid on a sand cushion.

Now you should dig trenches for sewer pipes. Dig sections from the house to the septic tank, and from the septic tank to the infiltrator. Their depth should be sufficient to create the desired slope. In order for the drains to flow by gravity, a slope of 1-2 degrees is needed.

If there is no concrete screed at the bottom, then it is advisable to make a base for installing a septic tank. Gravel can act as such.The thickness of such a layer should reach 40 cm.

Diving into the hole

Now it's time to lower the septic tank structure into the pit. Installation takes place manually or with the help of equipment. Everything will depend on the volume of containers. When lowering, make sure that there are no distortions, this can reduce the efficiency of the septic tank. If a slab or screed is installed at the bottom of the pit, you need to fix the body of the septic tank with braces or straps. The next step will be the installation of sewer pipes and their connection to the septic tank. The trenches under the pipes are covered with a mixture of sand and soil. Make sure that there are no large stones and hard pieces of earth in the material used for backfilling.

Backfill

Now we start backfilling the pit. To do this, we use a mixture of sand and cement in a ratio of 5 to 1. Backfilling occurs in layers of 20–30 cm, followed by tamping. All work is done only by hand. When using technology, the walls of the septic tank can be damaged.

To prevent the septic tank from deforming, it must be filled with water. But this is also done gradually, as the pit is backfilled. It is necessary to ensure that the water level in the containers is 20 cm higher than the level of the poured mixture.

Warming

Before the final filling, the septic tank must be insulated.

Design and principle of operation

A septic tank looks like a large plastic cube with a ribbed surface and a neck (or two) sticking out above the surface. Inside, it is divided into three compartments, in which wastewater is treated.

The body of this septic tank is one-piece cast, it has no seams. There are seams only at the neckline. This seam is welded, almost monolithic - 96%.

Septic tank: appearance

Although the case is plastic, it is definitely not fragile - a decent wall thickness (10 mm) and additional even thicker ribs (17 mm) add strength. Interestingly, when installing a septic tank, the Tank does not require a plate and anchoring. At the same time, even with a high level of groundwater, this installation does not emerge, but this is subject to the installation requirements (more on them below).

Another design feature is the modular structure. That is, if you already have such an installation, and found that its volume is not enough for you, just install another section next to it, connect it to the already working one.

The modular structure allows you to increase the capacity of the Tank septic tank at any time

Principle of operation

A septic tank works in the same way as many other similar installations. The procedure for wastewater treatment is as follows:

• Water draining from the house enters the receiving compartment. It has the largest volume. While it is filling, the waste decomposes, roams. The process is carried out with the help of bacteria that are contained in the waste itself, and good conditions are simply created in the tank for their vital activity. During the cleaning process, solid sediments fall to the bottom, where they are gradually pressed. Lighter fat-containing dirt particles rise up, forming a film on the surface. The more or less pure water located in the middle part (purification at this stage is approximately 40%) enters the second chamber through the overflow hole.
• In the second compartment, the process continues. The result is a cleansing of another 15-20%.

• The third chamber has a biofilter at the top. In it there is an additional treatment of effluents up to 75%.Through the overflow hole, water is discharged from the septic tank for further purification (into the filter column, into the filtration fields - depending on the type of soil and groundwater level).

Not a bad exit

As you can see, there are no difficulties. With proper installation and operation, the Tank septic tank works flawlessly - it does not depend on electricity, so it is not afraid of frequent power outages in rural areas. Also, the installation tolerates an uneven usage schedule, which is typical for summer cottages. In this case, the flow of effluents on weekdays, as a rule, is minimal or absent, and reaches a maximum on weekends. Such a work schedule does not affect the cleaning result in any way.

The only thing that is necessary for dachas is conservation for the winter, if accommodation is not planned. To do this, it is necessary to pump out the silt, fill all the containers with water by 2/3, insulate the top well (fill in leaves, tops, etc.). In this form, you can leave to winter.

Operation features

Like any septic tank, the Tank does not respond well to a large amount of active chemicals - a one-time supply of a large amount of water with bleach or a chlorine-containing drug kills bacteria. Accordingly, the quality of purification deteriorates, an odor may appear (it is absent during normal operation). The way out is to wait until the bacteria multiply or add them forcibly (bacteria for septic tanks are commercially available).

Name	Dimensions (L*W*H)	How much can clear	Volume	Weight	The price of a septic tank Tank	Installation price
Septic Tank - 1 (no more than 3 people).	1200*1000*1700mm	600 sheets/day	1200 liters	85 kg	330-530 $	from 250 $
Septic tank - 2 (for 3-4 people).	1800*1200*1700mm	800 sheets/day	2000 liters	130 kg	460-760 $	from 350 $
Septic Tank – 2.5 (for 4-5 people)	2030*1200*1850mm	1000 sheets/day	2500 liters	140 kg	540-880 $	from 410 $
Septic Tank – 3 (for 5-6 people)	2200*1200*2000mm	1200 sheets/day	3000 liters	150 kg	630-1060 $	from 430 $
Septic tank – 4 (for 7-9 people)	3800*1000*1700mm	600 sheets/day	1800 liters	225 kg	890-1375 $	from 570 $
Infiltrator 400	1800*800*400mm		400 liters	15 kg	70 $	from 150 $
Cover D 510						32 $
Extension neck D 500	height 500 mm					45 $
Manhole for pump D 500	height 600 mm					120 $
Manhole for pump D 500	height 1100 mm					170 $
Manhole for pump D 500	height 1600 mm					215 $
Manhole for pump D 500	height 2100 mm					260$

Another of the features that must be taken into account is not to flush waste into the sewer that does not decompose by bacteria. As a rule, these are wastes that appear during repairs. Not only can they clog the sewer, and you will have to clean it, but these particles significantly increase the amount of sludge, and you will have to clean the Tank septic tank more often.

Do-it-yourself installation of a septic tank tank: its design

It would be wrong to undertake an independent installation of something without having studied how something is arranged - without knowing the principle of operation of a septic tank, there can be no question of any of its high-quality installation. We will try to correct this situation by conducting a small digression into its design. This unit is arranged simply, despite its dimensions and complex production process - it consists of two main parts, interconnected by free-flow pipelines.

1. Tank - if anyone does not know, then this word means a container, a container (it is from this word that the name of ships carrying liquids - a tanker) comes from.In fact, this tank, which looks like a single tank, is a combination of three tanks, each of which performs a specific function. The very first and largest container into which wastewater enters, having overcome a considerable distance through sewer pipes, serves as a kind of separator that separates the liquid into three layers. Due to the natural laws of nature, large and heavy particles settle to the bottom of this container, light impurities remain afloat on top, and a more or less purified liquid in the middle flows through a special hole into the next container, in which insoluble particles of average weight precipitate. Inside the second tank there is a third tank of a smaller size - the liquid that enters it is already practically cleared of insoluble sediments. At the top of this tank is a biofilter, which completes the process of water purification from environmentally harmful impurities. After passing through this biofilter, almost pure water enters the second part of the septic tank.

2. Infiltration element - without it, the septic tank device will be incomplete. This is also a container, but, unlike a tank, it does not have a bottom - its tasks include the final purification of the liquid and its removal through the soil. In fact, this infiltration element is needed only to provide a reservoir for water underground, which is its temporary storage. The fact is that the soil cannot instantly absorb water - it takes it gradually, and over time this process is slower and slower.The capacity of the infiltration element can reach 400 liters - if necessary, several pieces of such devices can be installed in series and in parallel, but one is enough for a private house.

This is the equipment that will have to be buried in the ground during the installation of a septic tank tank. But this must be done correctly, in compliance with all the subtleties and nuances, which will be discussed later.

Prices

Models may differ in cost in different companies, but not much. Therefore, it is difficult to answer the question of how much the Tank septic tank costs.

The cheapest Tank-1, it can be purchased for 20 thousand rubles. With the increase in the volume of the station, the price will increase. The cost of a Tank-3 septic tank ranges from 40 to 45 thousand rubles, Tank-4 will cost 50 thousand rubles.

Basically, the price of the lid and neck is already included in the price of the kit. Additionally, you can purchase additional accessories, for example, an extension neck worth 3 thousand rubles and pump wells, depending on the height, 8 - 21 thousand rubles.

As a bonus, companies can offer free shipping, discounts, and free bacteria.

A septic tank in a country house or a country house is able to get rid of many problems associated with cleaning the sewer. It doesn't have to be the most expensive one. A simple septic tank is able to cope perfectly with its functions.

How to increase the efficiency of the system?

Microorganisms are distributed throughout the volume of the septic tank and are concentrated in the bioload. They enter the system along with wastewater, and, in the presence of a sufficient amount of organic matter, successfully grow, multiply and eat organic components.

Thanks to the bacteria in the septic tank, constant fermentation occurs.Due to this, organic matter, mineral suspensions and fat fractions are separated - the liquid is stratified.

The efficiency of wastewater treatment depends on the size of the population of microorganisms. The market offers a large selection of ready-made preparations containing bacterial colonies - bioactivators. A popular drug is Doctor Robik.

By periodically adding them to the system, home owners improve the quality of cleaning. It is also an effective prevention against problems arising from a decrease in the population of bacteria - an unpleasant odor, the formation of thick deposits on the walls, hardening of sludge.

The activity of anaerobes contributes to the liquefaction of bottom silt and a dense crust on the surface, due to which the sewer service can be called much less often - once every three years.

The choice of preparations with bacteria on the market is huge. When choosing, it is necessary to take into account the conditions of vital activity of microorganisms. Aerobes that require constant access to oxygen are not suitable for Tank septic tanks - their use can cause an imbalance in the system

When is the use of a bioactivator necessary?

For the normal functioning of bacteria, it is necessary that organic matter and a sufficient amount of liquid enter the system. Accordingly, for a constantly functioning septic tank, the use of industrial biological preparations is not necessary.

However, violations in operation lead to the death of the colonies, as evidenced by the appearance of an unpleasant odor. In this case, the bioactivator should be added first. Most often, such a measure is sufficient to restore the normal operation of the cleaning system.

In the following cases, you should not wait for the smell to appear, since they contribute to a decrease in the population of microorganisms in any case.

It is better to immediately add a ready-made biological product, which is administered:

• After a long downtime - for example, at the beginning of the summer season. If the conservation was carried out properly, then the bacteria in the septic tank do not die. However, their number is significantly reduced. The bioactivator helps to set up the system in a much shorter time than it would happen in natural conditions.
• After dumping chemicals and disinfectants into the sewer, which contribute to the death of aquatic organisms.
• After freezing of the liquid in the septic tank. This can happen if the tank is installed without an insulating layer.

The smell from the sewer also appears if a thick layer of fatty deposits has accumulated on the walls of the sewer pipes and the walls. Artificially added colonies of bacteria break down and liquefy the deposits, after which they freely flow into the sump.

How to make a bioactivator?

A couple of buckets (about 20 liters) of water are poured into the sewer. In order for the biomaterial to enter the septic tank, it is poured or poured into the toilet. After that, the water is drained two or three times.

Before introducing a bacterial preparation into the sewer, you should read the manufacturer's instructions.

Before use, liquid preparations are simply shaken, but funds in tablets or granules should be applied in accordance with the attached instructions. Some manufacturers recommend dissolving the biomaterial in water, while others recommend pouring it dry.

After the introduction of the bacterial preparation, the water level in the septic tank is monitored for two to three days, topping it up as necessary.

Why do you need additional filtration?

Anaerobes are not able to process organic compounds completely. They decompose complex compounds into simpler ones, which are contained in the liquid leaving the septic tank.

By draining such water into the ground, you can become the culprit of contamination of it and groundwater. For complete breakdown of simple organic matter, plums are exposed to aerobic bacteria.

When arranging natural additional filtration, water from a septic tank passes through a layer of crushed stone or gravel, which is well saturated with oxygen. In such a filtration layer, aerobic microorganisms settle, the colonies of which, when nutrient organic matter enters, grow and multiply.

Thus, the last stage of complete purification of wastewater in the sewer system based on the Tank septic tank is carried out.

Medium or low GWL, soil absorption is normal

A universal method for post-treatment and disposal of water purified by a septic tank under such conditions is the installation of an infiltrator, which is an elongated rectangular container, at the bottom of which there are many holes through which a relatively purified liquid seeps down.

Infiltrators (in most cases, several are required) must be installed by hand in a separate pit, dug at a distance of 1-1.5 m from the treatment tank. The device is connected to the septic tank through its outlet pipe laid with a slope.

With normal drainage characteristics of soils, the infiltrator is installed on crushed stone dumping with a thickness of 40 cm or more, with non-draining soils (loam, clay), the thickness of the pillow is set to be greater. The side walls are covered with geotextiles. Crushed stone plays the role of a filter - the remnants of pollutants settle on it, the water freed from impurities goes into the soil.The infiltrator, like the septic tank, is subject to thermal insulation and sand filling. At the outlet of the device, a ventilation riser is mounted.

An alternative to the construction of an infiltrator can be called the installation of a filtration deck. It is equipped near the treatment device from 2-4 concrete rings Ø1 m. A crushed stone cushion is poured in the pit, on which the first ring is installed. After sealing the joints, the gap between the rings and the sides of the pit is filled with sand. The lower ring is recommended to be installed with perforated walls - through the holes, water will be taken in by the soil completely cleaned.

Another option is the device of the filtration field. At the selected site, the fertile layer of earth is replaced by layers (at least 30 cm thick) of sand and gravel. Plastic pipes with drainage holes in the walls are laid on this pillow. Pipes are sprinkled with rubble, on which lawn grass is planted or a flower bed is broken - it is impossible to plant trees or arrange a garden on this area.

Description and types of tank brand septic tanks

Purification facilities for the collection and treatment of both household and domestic wastewater are considered indispensable in the absence of a common sewer system. They are actively used in buildings of the following type:

• in private houses;

• in low-rise buildings;

• in suburban areas.

The design feature of septic tanks Tank consists of three sections. Each section has a separate cleaning process:

In the first section, coarse cleaning is carried out, as a rule, large waste is removed.

In the second section, various types of compounds are chemically decomposed, for example, detergents.

In the third section, the final purification process is carried out, after passing this section, the water is purified by 65% ​​in comparison with the waters that entered the first two sections.

After passing through three sections, wastewater undergoes soil post-treatment.

Tank 1 - designed for 3 people (1.2 m3);

Tank 2 - designed for 4 people (2.0 m3);

Tank 3 - designed for 5 people (2.5 m3);

Tank 4 - designed for 6 people (3 m3).

Device and principle of operation

Traditionally, in the private sector, they arrange a drain well or a pit without a bottom. However, this method, with the modern standard of living with the frequent use of chemical detergents, is unacceptable. The ecosystem of the site and the entire district is suffering. An unpleasant smell is a common drawback of such a structure.

Installing a sealed storage tank will only help with periodic residence. Otherwise, the cost of the services of a sewer, especially if there is a shower and a washing machine in the house, become significant.

A septic tank is a local structure that is dug into the ground on its own site. In fact, this is an underground sump tank, in which first mechanical, and then biological wastewater treatment takes place.

After the septic tank, the degree of water purification reaches 75%, so it is imperative to install an additional post-treatment device - a filtration field, an infiltrator, a filtration well

With a combination of a septic tank and a ground additional filtration device, a degree of water purification equal to 96-98% is achieved.

The septic tank is a cast polypropylene container, the internal volume of which is divided into three sections. The chambers are interconnected by internal overflows, the latter is equipped with a powerful eco-filtering system.

The body of the device is lightweight and durable at the same time. Thick, elastic, ribbed walls withstand the pressure of the soil, while not deformed. In the upper part there are service hatches. The design of the Tank is block-modular, which allows you to collect any required volume of water disposal by connecting several devices in series.

A septic tank is chosen depending on the daily volume of water consumption. All Tank models are quite compact and can be mounted almost anywhere on the site.

Each chamber of the septic tank performs a specific task. The first is a reception room - all drains from the house get into it and undergo primary treatment. As a result of settling, heavy particles sink to the bottom and form a layer of silt, while light fat and organic fractions float up.

Conditionally clean water from the middle region enters the next section. Here the process is similar - there is an additional settling.

In the last chamber, the liquid passes through a floating module - a filter made of polymer fibers, in which colonies of anaerobic bacteria settle. Under their influence, decomposition of waste occurs, the remnants of the process settle on the bottom.

The manufacturer recommends cleaning the septic tank chambers from sludge once a year.

The operation of the septic tank does not depend on the availability of electricity and occurs in a completely autonomous mode

For complete water purification, the system must be supplemented with a soil post-treatment device. Since the installation of the Tank septic tank is most often done by hand, the most convenient structures are industrially manufactured infiltrators.They allow you to organize a wastewater treatment system in the shortest possible lines and do not require complex installation.

Structurally, the infiltrator is an elongated tank with ribbed strong walls and no bottom. Outwardly, it resembles a lid. Branch pipes are provided at the ends - inlet and outlet.

The output is used to connect several modules in series or to output a ventilation pipe. There are models without an outlet - they have a vent in the top of the case.

The use of an infiltrator in an autonomous sewage organization scheme can significantly increase the degree of wastewater treatment. The shape of the body of the device contributes to the direction of wastewater only downwards (+)

The filter layer is a cushion of sand and crushed stone or gravel, on which the body of the device is installed. Passing through such a cleansing natural filter, all undecomposed impurities and substances remaining in the water settle, and water enters the soil, which is comparable in purity to technical water.

Installation instructions

If the tank 1 treatment plant model is purchased, it is better to entrust the installation of a septic tank to professionals. The installation itself is not a particularly complicated procedure, but the choice of the installation scheme must be made taking into account the geological features of the site, and also strictly follow the rules described in the instructions.

earthworks

Preparation of pits for the installation of the septic tank itself and infiltrators, as well as ditches for laying pipes, is a very time-consuming process. Therefore, it is recommended to use earthmoving equipment to perform this work.

If it is impossible to hire equipment (for example, if the site is already equipped and there is no passage for the excavator), you will have to perform the installation manually, which will greatly complicate the process. Ground work tips:

It is important that the dimensions of the pit are larger than the dimensions of the septic tank. The distance between the sides of the pit and the walls of the hull should be 25-30 cm.
The robust body of the septic tank Tank 1 allows you to do without concreting the bottom of the pit

It is enough to pour a layer of sand 30 cm high on the bottom and compact it well.

Backfilling

The septic tank must be carefully lowered into the prepared pit exactly in the center. It is necessary that there are gaps on all sides of the case for backfilling. For this purpose, a dry mixture is prepared from five parts of sand and one part of cement. Backfilling should be done in stages:

• a layer of the mixture is poured with a height of 25-30 cm;
• the mixture is thoroughly tamped.

The upper part of the septic tank is covered with insulating material, then the neck is covered with soil.

Installation of the infiltrator

To perform the installation of infiltrators, a rectangular pit is dug. If the soil on the site is sandy, then for the normal operation of the Tank 1 septic tank, it is enough to install one infiltrator. If there is clay on the site, then two filter units will need to be installed.

• a construction mesh made of plastic is laid at the bottom of the pit;
• then a layer of crushed stone 40 cm high is poured;
• an infiltrator is installed on the crushed stone, a supply pipe is connected to it;
• a ventilation pipe is mounted at the opposite end of the installation;
• the infiltrator is covered with geotextile from above and from the side, then it is covered first with sand, and then with soil.

Installation

Many well-known storage manufacturers also provide buyers with the installation of wells upon purchase, the Tank septic tank is no exception. When buying this model from the company store, you have the opportunity to additionally order the installation of the device at a reduced price. If you do not want to overpay, then you can do all the work yourself.

Related video:

Step-by-step instructions on how to install a tank septic tank with your own hands:

The location of the septic tank is calculated. It should be located at a distance of up to 10 meters from the facade of the building, and 50 from the nearest body of water

This is very important, because

This model dumps waste into the ground. Because of this, soil and water poisoning can occur;
The size of the pit should be 20 centimeters larger than the size of the well. The presence of a metal casing is also taken into account, which will help protect the container from deformation. Manufacturers claim that the dimensions of the walls of the Tank septic tank allow them to resist the load on their own, but experts still recommend placing the container in the grid;

A sand cushion is installed at the bottom of the pit, the height of which must be at least 20 centimeters. For better rigidity, it can be mixed with crushed stone;
After that, the drive is installed in the pit. An equal distance should remain from both sides of the walls;

The sewer is connected to the septic tank through pipes. The joints are sealed;
To prevent the septic tank from freezing in winter, it can be additionally insulated with geotextile fiber. Additionally, some homeowners use brushwood or clay;
After that, backfilling is performed.In order for the earth to adhere more closely to the walls of the well, it is necessary to mix it with crushed stone of a fine fraction - large stones can damage the plastic shell.

Further, a neck is installed on the septic tank, and it is completely filled up. After 3 days, you need to additionally tamp it with soil and fill it with clean water. After another 3 days, the water descends and you can start working with the treatment plant. On average, with a full load, drains are cleaned for 10 days, this factor must be taken into account when choosing a particular model.

Reviews say that with proper installation, there are no problems with operation. The main thing is to check the joints and their tightness when cleaning.

Device and installation of a septic tank Tank

These products are famous for their common and uncomplicated, long-term flawless operation and unsurpassed performance of the functions assigned to it. Sufficiently capacious lower tank has several departments. Each of them is designed for a specific process, namely for disintegration into biological components and settling.

Tank's work is as follows:

• immediately, the waste liquid enters the most capacious chamber for receiving sewage waste (here, inorganic elements settle to the bottom, do not decompose later and are subject to annual removal using a sewage machine);
• the remaining liquid enters another chamber (settling takes place in it, but much better and better than in the first);
• in chamber No. 3 there is a biological filter (organic elements decay rather quickly here).