Installing a gas boiler in an apartment building: what does the law say?

We prepare documents for individual heating

Suppose your house is not old and not higher than five floors, the neighbors are not against installation, and, most importantly, you have received a permit from the regulatory authorities. Then immediately collect the necessary documents:

• the city or local gas service must issue you a document with technical conditions allowing;
• you will need a form 2 certificate from the All-Russian Voluntary Fire Society, indicating the presence of the required vacuum in the chimney;
• an agreement with a specialized company licensed for the relevant type of work;
• approval for dismantling or thermal insulation of the central heating system passing through your apartment, followed by drawing up an act.

It may be that. due to the small capacity of the gas pipeline in your apartment building, you will have to deal with the replacement of the gas supply system to the residential building and the installation of a pump to increase and normalize the gas pressure.

01.2019. A draft law has been submitted to the State Duma to clarify the procedure for calculating heating fees in an apartment building

The draft federal law "On Amendments to Article 157 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation" is aimed at implementing the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated July 10, 2018 No. 30-P.

In accordance with the Housing Code, the calculation of the amount of payment for heating is made on the basis of the volume, which is determined by the readings of metering devices, but at the same time, there is no separation of the values ​​\u200b\u200bof common house and individual metering devices. The lack of separation of values ​​allows in some cases not to take into account the readings of individual metering devices. In order to eliminate such legal uncertainty, the draft law proposes to clarify the procedure for calculating the payment for heating in an apartment building.

The bill proposes to calculate the amount of payment for the utility service for heating in the premises of an apartment building in the manner prescribed by the Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings (approved by Government Decree No. 354 of May 6, 2011), taking into account the area of ​​​​such premises and the amount of heat energy consumed in an apartment building, determined on the basis of the indications of a common house meter.

In the case when an apartment building is equipped with a common house metering device, and the apartments of this house are equipped with individual metering devices, the amount of the fee will be calculated based on the readings of both individual (energy consumption in the apartment) and common house (energy consumption in entrances, halls, etc.) metering devices.

If there is no common house metering device in an apartment building, then the amount of the fee will be calculated according to the consumption standard for heating utilities. This standard is approved by the state authorities of the subjects of the Federation in the manner established by the Government of Russia.

The bill was considered and approved at a meeting of the Government of the Russian Federation on December 26, 2018.

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Workstation "Energy Auditor"

Developer: Energy Saving Automation Center LLC.

Cost: 2000 rubles. per month when purchased for a year.

Developer: Oktonika LLC.

Cost: 2000 rubles. per month when purchased for a year.

Development of an energy passport using office software

Compiler of the form: SRO-E-150.

Cost: free.Requires OpenOffice or MS Office.

AWP "Energy Auditor" or "E-PASS" is purchased by the organization-energy auditor independently, directly from the manufacturer. The unloaded XML energy passports are sent to the SRO.

A report must be attached to the energy passport.

Installation Requirements

What are the requirements for the installation of such equipment?

The most important thing is the installation of the boiler in a room that does not belong to the "residential" category. Is it possible to place a heater in kitchens and bathrooms? It all depends on whether it will be possible to organize the removal of combustion products outside the house.

If the chimney does not interfere with anything, and at the same time fire safety rules are observed, then it can be installed.

The boiler room must be equipped with a supply and exhaust ventilation system. In this case, the outflow of air should be carried out through the holes under the ceiling, and the inflow - through the holes located no higher than 30 centimeters above the floor level.

Usually for small houses gas heating boilers with a capacity of up to 30 kW are used. Therefore, rooms with a volume of 7.5 cubic meters are suitable for them. If such a boiler is installed in a kitchen or bathroom, then the volume of this room should not be less than 21 cubic meters.

How to install a boiler in the bathroom

Ability to install gas boiler in the bathroom depends on:

1. The presence of windows here.
2. Boiler options - with an open or closed combustion chamber.

If it is decided to install a unit with a closed combustion chamber, then a window is not needed. After all, such a device works with the help of a chimney, through which the oxygen necessary to maintain combustion penetrates into the boiler.

If you use the first option, then you can’t do without a window in the bathroom.And if there is none, then it will have to be cut through, whether you like it or not. Otherwise, you will not see permission to connect the boiler to the gas pipe.

And the last is electrical wiring. All modern household boilers are equipped with electronics and automation elements. And they need a reliable and safe wire. Since the bathroom is a humid room, all requirements for wire insulation must be 100% met. And let the master electrician do it.

How to install a boiler in the kitchen

This room is optimal for placing a gas boiler, because:

First, it complies with all norms and requirements.
Secondly, it always has a window, and sometimes even several

At the same time, it is equipped with a window, which is important for ventilation.
Thirdly, the kitchen usually has ventilation.
Fourthly, kitchen walls are often finished with non-combustible materials. But even if there are none, it is enough to finish the installation site of the boiler according to fire safety rules.

Installing a floor boiler

Boilers and automation Ivar The heating equipment market offers two types of gas-fired boilers. Their distinguishing feature is the way they are installed. Hence, there are two types - floor and wall.

The easiest way to install is the floor version. It does not require complex structures. It is enough to make a small podium from a concrete solution or a metal sheet. The main thing is the strength of the base and its incombustibility. The only thing that is required is more space, since floor-standing gas boilers are quite large in size.

Experts advise using a separate room for the outdoor unit.This will not clutter up the main space. In addition, you can make a full-fledged boiler room, where all the nodes of the heating system will be placed.

How is such equipment installed? First install the boiler itself. Then the chimney is connected. Next, the piping of the heating system is made. And the last - connect all this to the water and gas pipes.

Installation of a wall-mounted boiler

Installing a gas boiler In this case, the reliability and safety of installation will depend on the strength of the fasteners fixed on the wall. The small size and weight of the wall analogue made it very popular among the owners of private houses and cottages.

As in the case of the floor option, safety measures must be observed here. If the house is wooden, then it is recommended to close the wall on which the boiler will be hung with a metal sheet.

By the way, this type is very often installed in kitchens, where it is in perfect harmony with furniture and different designs. In addition, the bulk of wall-mounted gas boilers is a complete small boiler room, where there is everything - automation, valves, a circulation pump and other components.

Disconnection from central heating

Is it possible to install individual heating in the apartment? As a rule, in order to transfer to individual heating in an apartment building, it is enough to submit an application for refusal of centralized heating, obtain consent for this and submit an application for the installation of individual heating in an apartment to the district branch of the power grid.

How much does individual heating cost in an apartment? Sometimes this type of heating is not always cost-effective and the cost of individual heating in an apartment can be even more expensive than conventional heating in an apartment building.

Another thing is a gas boiler, but its arrangement requires compliance with many formalities:

You need to submit an application to the gas industry.
Obtain a document from the fire department confirming the health of the ventilation and chimney.

Obtain written permission from neighbors for individual heating in the apartment

This is important, because when switching to individual heating in an apartment, the refusal of central heating can lead to system failures. You need to find out who is in charge of the pipes and batteries. If they are in the household, then special permission will be required from the neighbors. In the event that they are in the public services department, you will need to apply to them with a request to turn off

You need to find out who is in charge of the pipes and batteries. If they are in the household, then special permission will be required from the neighbors. In the event that they are in the public services department, you will need to apply to them with a request to turn it off.

In the city heating network, obtain permission to draw up and approve the scheme before transferring the apartment to individual heating.

As “sad” statistics show, it takes from 3 to 6 months to process documents for individual heating in an apartment building in an apartment.

Only after receiving all the permits and certificates in your hands, you can proceed to dismantle the old system and install an individual heating system in the apartment. As “sad” statistics show, it takes from 3 to 6 months to process documents for individual heating in an apartment building in an apartment.

Sometimes it happens that the gas industry refuses to install the boiler, since the technical characteristics of the system are not able to create the pressure necessary for it. In this case, you will have to look for alternative sources of heating.

The gas company must provide a technical passport for the boiler and a diagram indicating the place of its installation. Only after the gas boiler chosen for installation is approved and the conditions for its installation are agreed, you can switch to an individual heating system in the apartment.

The connection of individual gas heating in the apartment must be carried out by employees of the company supplying gas, and having the appropriate permissions for this.

How to choose a heating configuration in an apartment building

In most cases, there is no choice. If a single-pipe stand-alone system is used in a typical house, then installing heating in an apartment during repairs will consist in replacing pipes and selecting new radiators of the required capacity. But autonomous, as well as apartment systems (when pipes are connected not to common risers, but to individual outlets on each floor), often allow for a more flexible approach to design.

Beam scheme of apartment heating. The distribution and accounting point is located at the entrance

It's important to know. Home heating has its pros and cons.

The advantages include: variability of the system (type of components, wiring diagram), the ability to turn off apartments from heating separately (for example, for repairs), ease of temperature control and heat accounting. There are very few drawbacks, the main one is that it is possible to cool the walls if the heating is not turned on in the neighboring uninhabited apartment. Autonomous systems have a similar set of positive characteristics, but sometimes homeowners are faced with a difficult question to solve - how to turn off the heating in the apartment.

Optimal piping layouts are considered in each case individually, they are classified according to several key criteria.

1. Depending on the method of connecting the radiators, the heating of the apartment will be:
   • one-pipe,
   • two-pipe.
2. According to the location of the pipelines, the wiring happens:
   • top,
   • lower,
   • horizontal,
   • vertical.
3. According to the nature of the movement of the coolant, the heating schemes of an apartment building are divided into:
   • passing,
   • dead ends.

Variant of autonomous heating scheme

Pay attention to the gradation of the pipe section

It's important to know. In many cases, various combinations of schemes perform best.

In many cases, various combinations of schemes perform best.

It's important to know. In many cases, various combinations of schemes perform best.

Replacing heating is a very difficult task and it is most difficult for those who decide to make heating in an apartment with their own hands. Even if you entrust the design to professionals, there still remains a huge number of purely practical "trifles" for installation, which are known only to specialists.Cold batteries in the back room are not the worst thing that can happen. The main thing is not to arrange a man-made disaster in a single entrance.

Rules for the installation of gas appliances in the apartment

The least problems with the arrangement of individual heating occur among the owners of new apartments that are not connected to a centralized heating system. In this case, there is no need to visit the heating network and there is no need to deal with disconnecting from the risers, and permission to install gas heating in an apartment building may be in the package of documents for real estate.

But in this case, you need to follow certain rules. First of all, having documents in hand, you cannot install gas equipment on your own - this work should be done by specialists. These can be not only employees of a gas supply organization, but also representatives of a company that licenses this type of activity.

After the installation is completed, the engineer of the company supplying gaseous fuels will check the correctness of the connection and issue a permit to use the boiler. Only then can you open the valve leading to the apartment.

Before starting, according to the requirements for installing a boiler in an apartment building, it is imperative to check the individual heat supply system. To do this, it is launched under a pressure equal to at least 1.8 atmospheres. You can control this parameter using the pressure gauge of the heating unit.

If the pipes are built into the floor or walls, it is advisable to increase the pressure and drive the coolant through them for at least 24 hours.Only after testing the system can you be sure that there are no leaks and reliable connections.

Air must be bled from the equipment before start-up. Since when installing a gas boiler in an apartment building, the systems are made closed, you need to use the Mayevsky taps available on the radiators. Air is bled in each battery, bypassing them several times in turn until there is no air left in them. After that, the system can be launched into operating mode - turn on the heat supply.

It is necessary to place an electrical outlet and another gas appliance at a distance of at least 30 centimeters from the unit.

Requirements for installing a boiler in an apartment

How to install a double-circuit gas boiler in an apartment? Often the installation of such equipment is difficult for a number of reasons (lack of a central gas pipeline, difficulties in obtaining permission, lack of conditions, etc.). To register, knowledge of the laws and basic rules is required. In case of unauthorized installation of a gas heating boiler, you will have to pay a large fine and dismantle the boiler. You need to start by getting permission.

Required documents

To mount the boiler in an apartment with existing central heating, you need to collect a package of documents and go through several authorities in stages:

1. After submitting an application to the state supervision authorities, if the conditions for installation and maintenance of the heating device are met, technical specifications are issued, which are a permit for the installation of equipment.
2. After receiving the conditions, a project is created. It can be performed by an organization that has a license for this type of activity. The best choice would be a gas company.
3. Obtaining permission to enter the boiler.It is issued by inspectors of companies that check ventilation. During the inspection, an act will be drawn up with instructions that need to be eliminated.
4. After collecting all the documents, the design documentation for the installation of the boiler in a separate apartment is coordinated. Within 1-3 months, employees of state supervision must complete the coordination of installation. If no violations are found during the collection and preparation of documents, the consumer receives a final license for the installation.
5. Documents for refusal of service are submitted to the company providing heat supply services.

You can't break the rules. Only the fulfillment of all conditions will allow obtaining permission to install gas equipment.

boiler room requirements

The room in which the boiler is installed must meet the following requirements:

1. Gas equipment can only be installed in non-residential premises with tightly closed doors. For installation, do not use the bedroom, utility rooms, kitchens and toilets.
2. It is best to install a gas meter in the kitchen. In this case, an additional pipe is introduced into the room.
3. All surfaces (walls and ceiling) in the room must be lined with refractory materials. It is advisable to use ceramic tiles or gypsum fiber sheets.
4. The area of ​​the room for installation must be at least 4 m2. It is required to provide access to all nodes of the gas boiler for high-quality maintenance of the system.

Chimney installation

Installation of heating on gas in apartments is allowed only with normally functioning ventilation and a system for removing combustion products.Therefore, it would be optimal to use a boiler with a closed combustion chamber, which is connected to a horizontal pipe for smoke removal. In this case, it will not be necessary to carry out several pipes for ventilation and smoke removal.

If several owners in the house want to switch to individual heating at the same time, the chimneys are combined into a single cluster. One vertical pipe is attached outside, to which the horizontal pipes coming from the apartments are connected.

For normal operation of the system, it is necessary to install devices for air circulation with high throughput in the boiler room. Such ventilation should be installed separately, without contact with the general one.

Switching to individual heating: advantages and disadvantages

Switching from central heating to gas requires a lot of money and labor. It takes a lot of time to issue permits, so you need to plan and start collecting the necessary papers long before the proposed installation.

Most representatives of state structures will prevent disconnection from the central heating system. Permits are issued reluctantly. Therefore, problems with paperwork are the main drawback in the transition to gas heating.

Switching cons:

1. Unsuitability of the apartment for the installation of individual heating systems. To obtain a permit, a number of steps must be completed. Partial reconstruction costs a lot.
2. Heating appliances require grounding. It is difficult to do this in an apartment, since according to SNiP it is impossible to use water pipes or an electrical network for this.

The main advantage of such heating is efficiency and profitability.The cost of re-equipment pays off in a few years, and the consumer receives energy independence.

Finished construction

Gas boilers for heating an apartment - the basics of choice

According to the type of installation, gas boilers can be wall-mounted and floor-standing. Both of them can be installed in apartments. More acceptable from an aesthetic point of view and for ease of placement are wall-mounted options. They have dimensions comparable to the dimensions of hanging kitchen cabinets and fit well into the interior. With the installation of floor boilers is somewhat more complicated - not all of them can be placed close to the wall, although there are such options. It all depends on the location of the chimney pipe. If it comes out at the top, then the unit can be moved to the wall.

The floor gas boiler looks a little worse

There are also single and double circuit models. Single-circuit work only for heating. Double-circuit - both for heating and for heating water for hot water supply. If your water is heated by another device, a single-circuit boiler will suit you. If you are going to heat water with a gas boiler, you will have to choose another heating method: a flow coil or an indirect heating boiler. Both options have drawbacks. When using a coil (flowing water heating), not all boilers stably “keep” the set temperature. To maintain it, it is necessary to set special operating modes (called differently in different boilers, for example, “hot water priority” in Navien, Beretta or “comfort” in Ferrolli). Boiler heating has a drawback: a certain amount of gas is spent to maintain a constant temperature of the water in the tank. Because the fuel consumption is higher. In addition, the supply of hot water is limited.And after it is used up, you have to wait until a new batch heats up. Which of the methods of heating water is more suitable for you, choose the one. With flow heating, be guided by the productivity of hot water per minute, and with boiler heating, by the volume of the tank.

The gas boiler can be single-circuit or double-circuit

Gas boilers differ in the type of burner used: they are single-position, two-position and modulated. The cheapest are single-position, but they are also the most uneconomical, as they are always turned on at 100% power. Two-position ones are a little more economical - they can work at 100% power and at 50%. The best ones are modulated. They have a lot of operating modes and therefore save fuel. Their performance is controlled by automation, which supplies exactly the amount of gas that is required at the moment to maintain the specified temperature.

This is how a modulating burner burns in a gas boiler

The burner is located in the combustion chamber. The chamber can be open or closed. Open-type chambers take oxygen for gas combustion from the room, and combustion products are removed through an atmospheric chimney. Closed-type chambers are equipped with a coaxial chimney (a pipe in a pipe), and oxygen for combustion is taken from the street: combustion products are discharged along the central contour of the coaxial chimney, and air enters through the outside.

Floor gas boilers can be with an inflatable or atmospheric burner. In apartments, models with an atmospheric burner are allowed to be installed (when using an inflatable burner, a separate room is required).Most floor modifications use a closed combustion chamber and, accordingly, are equipped with a turbine and a coaxial chimney.

Choosing a gas boiler

There are no fundamental differences between gas boilers, globally they differ only in the way of installation, there are floor boilers that require additional space, fireproof flooring and are more suitable for owners of private houses.

The fundamental criterion when choosing a boiler is its power. A large power indicator can tighten the requirements for the equipment of the room, so you should not take this parameter with a margin. Power should be enough for active heating of the apartment, hot water should be supplied at the same time.

The material of the heat exchanger affects the heating efficiency, but remains an insignificant parameter, where the service life of the heat exchanger is more important.

It is also important to choose a boiler from a reliable manufacturer, preferably a foreign manufacturer. Many domestic units are able to ensure normal operation, however, the reliability and quality of foreign equipment elements surpasses domestic counterparts. Price also plays a big role in choosing.

The best choice is a quality product without excessive power indicators of the medium-high price range

The price also significantly affects the choice. The best choice is a quality product without excessive power indicators of the medium-high price range.

Also coppers can be two types: - one and double-circuit. Each circuit allows you to connect a piping system. Accordingly, single-circuit equipment is designed only for space heating, double-circuit equipment will provide heat supply and hot water supply.

Safety of gas boilers in apartments

In modern times, manufacturers offer many options for boilers. If you follow the rules of operation, then all of them are safe. But each boiler that uses autonomous gas heating in an apartment is a serious piece of equipment that requires adjustment and constant monitoring of its operation.

Minimum requirements for installing a gas boiler

If your apartment still has a chimney, then after some time soot will accumulate there. It must be cleaned, at least once a year. If this is not done, then the efficiency of the boiler will significantly decrease, and the emissions of substances will increase. For example, if a new boiler emits a unit of these substances, then one who has worked for several years without purification will already emit two.

It often happens that after several attempts an error is displayed. And if the boiler is relatively old, then such a system may not exist here. Such a boiler will require ventilation and manual start. If the automation did not work, then gas contamination of the boiler and the room may occur. Many organizations are engaged in the adjustment and maintenance of boilers, so you should not try to fix it yourself, even if it seems to you that you see what the malfunction or error is.

Illegal shutdown of gas

The management company is obliged to notify the tenants in advance and in writing about the verification work. Accordingly, if there was no notification, the shutdown of gas supply is illegal.

We list the cases when turning off the gas is illegal:

• planned technical work in the apartment building is completed;
• there is no debt to pay for the services of the gas supply company;
• gas equipment was found not to comply with the standard or contract, but the consumer disputes this fact in court;
• the emergency situation has been eliminated and the period for the restoration of gas supply established by the regulations has expired.

In addition, the reason for turning off the gas cannot be the inability to inspect the gas equipment located in the apartment at a time when the owner was not there. It must be said that the homeowner may refuse to inspect gas equipment, the gas company has no leverage over it.

Remember: Decide to Shutdown gas supply to all residents of an apartment building if only a few tenants have debts, the Criminal Code is not entitled.

About installation rules

There are a number of requirements for the installation of gas equipment:

• The vast majority of models need to be placed in a separate room. The exception is wall-mounted units - they can be mounted in non-residential rooms, for example, in the kitchen or in the bathroom, if their dimensions allow. Before installing the boiler, it is necessary to ensure the required ventilation in the boiler room.
• The volume of premises for the installation of gas equipment with a closed chamber is not regulated, but the area must comply with the standards. In addition, the unit must have an outlet to the flue. It is unacceptable to bring it to the ventilation ducts.
• Horizontally located parts of the gas duct cannot have a length of more than 3 meters and have more than three turns. The outlet of the gas duct must be raised above the roof level by at least a meter.
• Wall models are mounted at a distance of 800 mm or more from the floor surface.No objects should be placed under the boiler, and a metal sheet must be laid on the floor. An expansion tank and an air valve must be installed.

Do not install gas equipment in the following types of premises:

• In apartments of an apartment building without a main gas duct, these are most of the houses of the old building.
• In rooms with false ceilings and capital mezzanines.

It is almost impossible to install a floor model in an apartment of a multi-storey building. After all, this will require a serious redevelopment with all the ensuing problems and costs. There are no restrictions on the installation of such equipment in a private house. Here it is better to make a separate boiler room, for example, in an extension. This room must meet the following standards:

• Entrance doors - not already 80 cm.
• Without fail, there must be a chimney that goes either to the roof or through the wall to the outside.
• The height of the boiler room must be at least 2.2 m. The room is equipped with a ventilation system.

A double-circuit boiler with automation will require the allocation of a separate branch of electrical wiring. An additional 20 A automatic machine is installed on it. It is desirable to provide a backup power supply for automation that can support its normal operation at least during the day. To do this, you can purchase a diesel generator or a UPS - an uninterruptible power supply.

Serious requirements are placed on the gas duct. Its minimum diameter is 110 mm, regardless of the power of the installed equipment. The optimal diameter of the flue is calculated based on the power characteristics of the unit - the higher the power, the larger the diameter.