Do-it-yourself toilet in the country: analysis of technology and all the nuances of self-construction

Materials for the device of a pit of a country toilet

A few decades ago, a pit for a country toilet had earthen walls. The booth was simply placed over a dug pit and gradually filled with feces. But such a pit is not only not durable, but also dangerous. Therefore, it is required to build stronger and tighter walls of the sump.

As a building material can be used:

• Brick;
• Concrete;
• Plastic.

Brickwork has a large number of unprotected places in the seams, where there may be an insufficient amount of mortar. Therefore, using this building material for arranging the pit of a country toilet, it is required to plaster the walls of the laid out well. The shape of the pit is made round, but you can also choose a rectangular or square format.

From concrete, a more airtight summer cottage is obtained. This material is perfect for creating wells with a bottom. In this case, a one-piece structure with good durability is obtained. But the strength of such a pit can only be given with the help of steel or fiberglass reinforcement.

Plastic containers can give maximum tightness to the pit. The only restriction for the use of these structures may be the presence of stiffeners. In their absence, the tank will be deformed due to the constant displacement of the soil.

Choosing a place to build

Fundamental importance in construction do-it-yourself toilet for a summer residence has a choice of a place for its construction. It is strictly regulated by the provisions of the current regulatory documents, according to which:

• The distance of the toilet to the water well, well or reservoir should be at least 25-30 meters.
• The restroom must be at least 12 meters away from the residential building.
• Cesspools must be securely isolated.

Location of cesspools in neighboring areas (according to regulations)

• When choosing a place, take into account the features of the terrain and the direction of the wind.
• When occurring on a groundwater site at a depth of up to 2 meters, only a dry closet, chemical or powder closet can be installed.
• In the case of groundwater occurrence at a depth of 2.5 meters, a toilet with a cesspool or a play closet can be erected.

Compliance with these precautions helps to prevent sewage from entering drinking water.

Design options for country toilets

When planning to build a toilet in the country with your own hands on the site, you first need to decide on the type of future construction.

Conventionally, all street latrines can be divided into two types: with a cesspool and with a removable container. Constructions of the first type suggest the presence of a hole dug in the ground. The latrines of the second type are equipped with special containers for collecting waste, filled with peat with sawdust, or with a special aqueous solution.

Country toilet with a cesspool

Traditional pit latrine. This is the cheapest and most affordable way to implement an outdoor bathroom. The principle of its operation is quite simple: waste products fall into a cesspool, where the liquid part of which is partially absorbed into the soil and evaporates, and the dense component accumulates. For cleaning cesspools tanks resort to the services of sewage companies.

Scheme: backlash closet device

Backlash closet. It is also equipped with a cesspool, but the walls of which are completely sealed. Emptying the cesspool in such a system is carried out only by pumping, using the toilet itself as a receiving funnel.

Drawing: powder closet equipment

Powder closet. It is a construction of a pedestal with a toilet seat. The storage tank for collecting sewage, placed directly under the toilet seat, is sprinkled with a layer of peat, which has moisture-absorbing properties. A scoop with a bucket filled with a sawdust-peat mixture is installed next to the toilet seat.At each visit to the restroom, a portion of fresh peat is poured into the waste tank. After filling the container, it is taken out to the compost heap. Due to mobility and compact design it can be installed as inside a residential building, and in a separately located street booth.

Liquid bio-toilet

Chemical toilet. By type, it resembles a powder-closet, unlike a bio-toilet, the processing and splitting of sewage in it occurs under the action of chemical reagents. Using fluids based on biobacteria, waste products can be converted into a useful organic fertilizer, using plants as root food.

How to build a country toilet with a cesspool with your own hands: dimensions, drawings, manufacturing instructions

A toilet with a cesspool is a more familiar option for giving us. We will tell you in more detail how to build it correctly, consider all the stages of work.

What you need to work

Before you make a street toilet, you need to prepare:

• edged board;
• a metal barrel for a pit;
• cement-sand blocks 25 × 18 × 19 cm as a base;
• beam 40 × 60 mm;
• corners, self-tapping screws;
• waterproofing;
• building level;
• corrugated board;
• waste oil.

The device of a cesspool for a toilet in the country

The construction of a toilet in the country with their own hands begins with a cesspool, each owner independently chooses a more convenient option for himself.

Illustration	Action Description
	From car tires. You need to pick up several tires of the same diameter and dig a hole a little larger. You can fill the bottom with a layer of gravel, and fill the wall with pebbles and broken bricks
	From brick.First you need to dig a hole 1 × 1 m² or 1.5 × 1.5 m², the bottom can also be concreted or covered with a layer of pebbles
	Install a plastic tank, sprinkle with soil, put a toilet on top
	Install concrete rings, their installation will require the involvement of a crane
	Pour a monolithic structure

Do-it-yourself country toilet: step by step instructions from a to z

We propose to build a small and very simple country toilet with a pitched roof with our own hands. Step-by-step photo descriptions will help in the work.

Illustration	Action Description
	Make markings on the ground according to the diameter of the barrel and dig a hole. Remove the bottom and top from the barrel, install it in the pit and sprinkle with soil
	Fill voids with cement-sand mortar
	For the bottom trim, take a board 100 × 50 mm and connect it with mounting brackets. Be sure to check the diagonals
	Strengthen the structure with self-tapping screws from the outside
	Cover the boards with used machine oil, which will prevent the wood from rotting, in addition, it has water-repellent properties
	After the oil has been absorbed and the solution has hardened, mark the toilet and level the surface
	Under the foundation blocks, make markings on the ground, dig holes about 30 cm deep, tamp the soil and fill in the rubble
	The installation of each block must be checked with a level
	Cut waterproofing on each block, lay the first piping line on it
	Prepare the boards for the second strapping line, coat them with machine oil, lay them on the first layer and screw them to the base
	From a bar 40 × 60 mm, install vertical racks on the corners
	At a height of 90 cm, fix the corners, lay a horizontal beam on them
	Mount the toilet frame. Jambs can align the verticality of the racks
	Before laying the floor, it is necessary to fix 2 additional beams to the strapping and coat them with used oil. Then screw a board 25 mm thick onto the screws. The size of the hole turned out to be 24 × 36 cm
	Sheathe the frame of the toilet from the outside
	For the door frame you will need a bar 40 × 60 mm, for sheathing - a board 25 mm thick
	Coat all boards with used oil
	Fix corrugated board on the roof, close the foundation with a board painted with used oil, and sprinkle with earth

In more detail, the entire master class can be viewed on the video:

Watch this video on YouTube

How to install ventilation ducts in a country toilet with your own hands: photos and drawings

For a small structure, natural ventilation is sufficient, this is the easiest and cheapest way to establish additional air exchange for both the main zone and the pit.

For a pit, a PVC pipe with a diameter of 11 cm or more is perfect, which should be fixed vertically.

The upper part should be 0.2 m higher than the roof. Some distance must be left between the lower boundary and the waste so that draft occurs. If you follow these recommendations, the air exchange will be excellent for the timely removal of methane from the tank.

Plastic pipe is easy install by hand, a deflector should be fixed at the top, thanks to which the system works much more efficiently, in addition, it will prevent water from freezing on the structure. If you choose a model with a weather vane function, the flow rate will be increased.

For more information about installing ventilation in a country toilet, see the video:

Watch this video on YouTube

Cesspool ventilation of a street toilet in the country with a photo

One of the main disadvantages of a cesspool is the release of gases. The decomposition of faeces is a process of acidic fermentation, as a result of which organic acids are formed and fetid gases, including hydrogen sulfide, are released.

It is almost impossible to make the cesspool completely airtight. Gases must be removed from the cesspool, otherwise they can penetrate through various cracks into nearby living quarters. The hygiene of the toilet is ensured by a mosquito net installed on the window of the toilet, and a ventilation pipe brought to the level of its roof or 70-80 cm above it.

Exhaust ventilation in the toilet in the country from asbestos-cement or plastic pipes with a diameter of 100 mm should be fixed to the rear wall of the toilet cubicle using metal brackets.

It is recommended to install a spigot in the vent before concreting. It should be noted that the hood is not always enough to ensure high-quality and efficient ventilation in an outdoor toilet in the country, sometimes odors cannot be completely eliminated even with the help of a special ventilation pipe.

A cesspool cannot be arranged if there is an intention to use feces as fertilizer, therefore, when building new buildings, it makes no sense to arrange such toilets.

To eliminate odors when installing ventilation in a country toilet with your own hands, it is necessary to increase the draft in the pipe. The easiest way to do this is to use solar or wind energy to increase traction.

The back wall should be covered with a sheet of metal painted black. In this case, the sun will heat the duct, and hot air, which is much lighter than cold air, will rise up.

The photo of the ventilation in the toilet in the country house shows how the installation is done:

To use the force of the wind for the same purposes, it is necessary to place a deflector from a conical nozzle and a cap protecting the booth and cesspool from precipitation on the head of the pipe.

The nozzle can be made from a small galvanized bucket with a broken bottom. It must be fixed to the pipe with a clamp. The cap in the form of a cone should be tightly fixed to the nozzle using three metal "legs". The deflector, with which the wind will increase the upward flow of air in the ventilation pipe, can also be made of galvanized iron sheet.

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Waste tank ventilation

To solve this problem, a hole for an air exchange pipe is provided in the design of the tank for collecting and filtering waste. Such a hole is located on the roof. The diameter must not be less than 100 mm. The material used is standard sewer plastic pipes.

Rules for installing a septic tank ventilation pipe:

1. A smaller diameter pipe (50 mm) is inserted into a 100 mm pipe.
2. The structure should rise above the ground by at least 50 cm. Melt and rain water should not fall into the pit or septic tank. It is better to "pull out" the pipe to a height of at least 150-200 cm (above human height) so that the smells coming out do not bother people.
3. The end of the hood is equipped with a deflector, which improves the circulation of air masses and protects the pipe from dirt, snow, leaves.
4. The pipe can be insulated so that it does not clog with ice in the winter.

If the septic tank is seriously deepened into the ground, a special viewing hole is equipped for maintenance work. To facilitate inspection and operation, a ventilation pipe is mounted in this inspection hole.

In many private houses and cottages (especially old ones), a cesspool is arranged directly under the toilet. The toilet may look like a stand-alone cubicle or be part of a common building. It doesn't matter for ventilation. In such a situation, the pipe ventilation is mounted in the roof of the cesspool and is displayed next to the toilet to a level of at least 200-250 cm. The pipe is located vertically.

When planning a private house or cottage, you should avoid building a toilet over a cesspool. It is better to equip the drain tank separately and bring sewer communications from the toilet and other objects to it using pipes.

The location of the cesspool at a distance allows you to mount additional ventilation pipes using tees in a convenient place in the fresh air. But it is worth remembering that the installation of such additional structures is acceptable only if there is a drain in the toilet.

If the house has basement or cellar, the sewer ventilation pipe should not be led into these rooms.
According to understandable causes bad odor will be concentrated in the basement. Basement ventilation should also not be connected to the air supply to the sewer or cesspool.

It is not necessary to bring the ventilation pipe into the cellar of a private house

Types of country toilets

The main feature that is used to classify outdoor toilets is the way the accumulated waste is disposed of. All the rest, including the construction material, are secondary.

Do-it-yourself country toilets are divided into two large categories: those with a cesspool in their design and those in which it is not provided.

Of course, the types of cabins mentioned below are far from a complete list, because there is also a fantasy, the flight of which cannot be limited. For example, here is a cabin-carriage in which a dry closet and a washbasin are installed.

Cabins for outhouses can be bought ready-made or made independently.

They are divided into several types:

• house;
• hut;
• hut;
• birdhouse.

They differ from each other in appearance, size, etc. Usually summer residents choose a booth that best suits their aesthetic perception.

The device of a classical design with a cesspool

Arrangement of street
septic tank
With
cesspool
I my
performed
on
previously
drawn up
drawings
and
calculations.
Availability
elementary
plan
will help
With
accuracy
define
amount
material
and
consumables.

When designing
toilet
important
take into account
the following
factors:

• storage device
dig out
in
form
square
(With
minimal
parameters
100x100
cm)
or
circle
(diameter
2 m);

• depth
pits
not
must
exceed
2nd
m;

• square
sewage
systems
overlay
brick
or
concrete,
bottom
equip
drainage
or
simply
poured
cement
solution;

• in
rounded
pits
lowered
w/w
rings,
bottom
concrete;

• location
septic tank
not
must
contradict
established
law
rules.

Of the existing
options
wrapping
walls
pits
preference
given
brick
masonry
and
concrete
rings.

Use advantage
concrete
rings
for
arrangement
cesspool
pits:

• prevention
pollution
ground
waters,
sources
drinking
water;

• protection
garden
and
garden
cultures
from
sewage;

• literate
mounting
rings
does
construction
pits
tight;

• cleaning
produced
more
qualitatively.

A significant disadvantage
such
designs
consists
in
need
periodical
pumping
waste,
what
requires
attraction
cesspool
cars.
Do
this is
not
have to
often,
that's why
expenses
on the
service
pits
not
are
essential.

Reference! Some
summer residents
use
drainage
system
for
recycling
parts
sewage.
Counts,
what
the
way
promotes
pollution
ground
waters,
what
renders
negative
influence
on the
ecological
background.

Building walls and installing doors

To ensure waterproofing, a roofing material is laid between the frame and the columnar foundation, on top of which a platform-floor is hammered together from edged boards.

Important: To extend the life of the wooden elements of the house, they should be treated with a moisture-repellent and antiseptic composition, which can be purchased at any hardware store.

At a height of about half a meter, perpendicular bars are installed, which will serve as the basis for attaching the toilet seat. Stepping back one meter from the back wall, at the same level, a second jumper is made to equip the seat. The base of the seat is sheathed with a sheet of chipboard or boards. A hole in the seat is cut out with a jigsaw, all corners are cleaned with a planer from burrs.To waterproof the front of the toilet seat along the inner wall, you can use a dense plastic film.

Construction of a toilet seat

The finished frame remains sheathed with fiberboard sheets or wooden edged boards 20 mm thick. You can place the boards both horizontally and vertically, fixing them on the frame with screws or nails. If desired, the walls of the house can be insulated mineral wool or sheet foam.

At this stage of work, it is worth taking care of arranging a ventilation window, which in parallel with this will play the role of natural lighting. The door block can be purchased ready-made or built with your own hands. It is installed so that it opens outwards, and is framed with a casing. Latches are installed both inside and outside the toilet.

Material selection

If a bathhouse or a gazebo can be found far from every site, then the toilet is a must-have for a comfortable country life. Like other buildings, beautiful toilets for summer cottages can be made from different materials.

With pitched roof

A brick closet is not typical for the landscape of a summer cottage. It is a capital building with all the ensuing requirements; it is erected once and for life. For a brick toilet, a solid foundation is poured, a smooth and neat masonry is made, and a hard roof is crowned.

A beautiful outdoor brick toilet is not afraid of weather disasters, but it is rarely installed. A warm capital restroom requires significant expenses, besides, it needs more space than other options.

Capital building

The design of the profiled sheet on a metal frame can hardly be called cozy. Although it is of high quality and reliable, it is hot in summer and cold in spring and autumn. Therefore, it is recommended to sheathe a metal building.

From corrugated board

Industrial enterprises produce high-quality metal cabins. They are equipped with insulation, make the inner lining. Thanks to conveyor production, products have a low cost.

Finished projects include multi-colored plastic cabins. They are easy to install, but need careful fixing.

Contrasting door project

Most often, lumber is used to design a toilet in the country. Wood is popular for several reasons: it is affordable, easy to process, and has a textured surface. The wood is not heavy, so there is no need to build a foundation for a wooden toilet.

lumber models

Wooden walls keep heat well and breathe. Their resistance to bad weather and pests can be enhanced with a simple surface treatment. Treated wood remains harmless to humans.

Maximum sustainability

About the wooden country toilet in the following video:

Design

There are four main architectural forms that, together with a variety of decor, cover most of the ideas for country toilets. They have the following differences:

Hut. The most primitive design option, which implies its strength and resistance to wind. The hut occupies more land than other forms, and in order for it to become comfortable, and you do not have to hit your head on the side surfaces, the horse must be raised to a height of three or more meters. You can forget about saving materials.

hut

Birdhouse.It is also a fairly easy-to-implement option, which, moreover, will take up less land than a hut. But because of its chip - a shed roof, the building is blown by the wind more strongly, and it keeps heat worse. On the roof you can install a metal tank with water. This design of an outdoor toilet cannot be called beautiful, so it is placed in the backyard and masked with plants.

Under a polycarbonate roof

House. In terms of lumber consumption, the house is comparable to a birdhouse, but structurally stronger and warmer; it is often supplemented with a window for natural light and ventilation. The shape of the house is conducive to the use of different types of decorative finishes.

Chalet style

Hut. The design is more complicated than others in implementation, but it turns out to be especially durable, and inside there is additional space for a small shelf and a washstand. The hut, as the most beautiful toilet in the country, is easily played up in different types of design. It is easy to fit into any landscape, the hut looks perfect surrounded by flowers and shrubs.

The project of a hut with a decorative roof

About the ideas of country toilets in the following video:

Briefly about the main

The arrangement of a country toilet begins with the choice of design. Improving the quality of life affects the choice: a dry closet is increasingly preferred to a classic cesspool. When choosing a place, aesthetic and sanitary standards, as well as the level of groundwater, play an important role.

For construction, wood is more often chosen, there are metal and plastic booths. Brick option for giving - a rarity. The design of a summer toilet in the country depends on several parameters. It is created based on four main forms (although there are also exclusive copies), and diversify with decor and decoration to your liking.

Description of the ventilation system in the toilet

For best results, it is necessary to equip ventilation in both the booth and the cesspool.

There are two types of hood:

• natural;
• forced or mechanical.

Natural works thanks to the draft formed by the air flow. Warm air rises and cold air accumulates at the bottom. If you make two holes: one from above, the second from below, then the flow of cold air coming from the street will displace warm air with methane vapor through the upper passage.

To ensure the best traction, it is necessary to use a pipe, while its diameter must be at least 15 cm and a height of 2–2.5 meters. In general, it is considered optimal when the pipe protrudes at least 1.5 meters beyond the roof level.

Ventilation in the country toilet

Forced ventilation involves the connection of a fan that will promote air circulation inside the cabin. In order for the toilet to have fresh air, it is necessary to have a window for ventilation. You can combine both types of hood in the booth for best results, but it is strictly forbidden to install a fan in a cesspool - only a chimney.

Heating system and features of wall insulation

Installing a built-in gas fireplace in the room will make the interior more modern. Heating in the garage can function from:

• Electricity;
• solid fuel;
• Steam environment;
• Natural gas (requires the involvement of gas service specialists).

To keep the heat inside the room, it is recommended to carry out the inner lining with heat-insulating material.The choice of materials is based on the characteristics of the wall material. For brick walls, any heat insulator suitable for use in a residential area is suitable.

For warming DIY garage used:

• Styrofoam;
• mineral wool;
• glass wool;
• Reflective heat insulators;
• Plaster;
• Heat insulating dyes.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Now, at least theoretically, you know how you can independently build a toilet in the country. But to see the whole process with your own eyes is always useful. You can imagine it visually by watching the video offered to you.

It remains only to apply the knowledge you have gained in practice. The country toilet is different from all other outbuildings. It has restrictions on location and distance from other objects.

In addition, there are different models of latrines, differing both in their underground and above-ground parts.

It is very important to properly equip the latrine. We hope we have helped you resolve this issue.

Do you want to tell how you built a country toilet with your own hands? Do you want to share an interesting scheme or subtleties of the process that are useful for site visitors? Please write comments in the block below, post photos, ask questions.