How much electricity does an electric boiler consume

Ways to determine the consumption of electricity by household appliances and tools

The average electricity consumption in citizens' apartments per month is the sum of the total electricity consumption by all electrical appliances used by its residents. Knowing the electricity consumption for each of them will give an understanding of how rationally they are used.Changing the mode of operation can provide significant energy savings.

The total amount of electricity consumed per month in an apartment or house is recorded by a meter. There are several ways to get data for individual devices.

A practical way to calculate electricity consumption by the power of an electrical appliance

The average daily electricity consumption of any household appliances is calculated by the formula, it is enough to recall the main characteristics of electrical appliances. These are three parameters - current, power and voltage. Current is expressed in amperes (A), power - in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW), voltage - in volts (V). From a school physics course, we recall how electricity is measured - this is a kilowatt-hour, it means the amount of electricity consumed per hour.
All household appliances are equipped with labels on the cable or on the device itself, which indicate the input voltage and current consumption (for example, 220 V 1 A). The same data must be present in the product passport. The power consumption of the device is calculated by current and voltage - P \u003d U × I, where

• P - power (W)
• U - voltage (V)
• I - current (A).

We substitute the numerical values ​​\u200b\u200band get 220 V × 1 A \u003d 220 W.

Further, knowing the power of the device, we calculate its energy consumption per unit of time. For example, a conventional liter electric kettle has a power of 1600 watts. On average, he works 30 minutes a day, that is, ½ hour. We multiply the power by the operating time and get:

1600 W×1/2 hour=800 W/h, or 0.8 kW/h.

To calculate the costs in monetary terms, we multiply the resulting figure by the tariff, for example, 4 rubles per kWh:

0.8 kW / h × 4 rubles = 3.2 rubles. Calculation of the average fee per month - 3.2 rubles * 30 days = 90.6 rubles.

In this way, calculations are made for each electrical appliance in the house.

Calculating electricity consumption with a wattmeter

The calculations will give you an approximate result. It is much more reliable to use a household wattmeter, or an energy meter - a device that measures the exact amount of energy consumed by any household device.

digital wattmeter

Its functions:

• measurement of power consumption at the moment and for a certain period of time;
• measurement of current and voltage;
• calculation of the cost of electricity consumed according to the tariffs laid down by you.

The wattmeter is inserted into the outlet, the device that you are going to test is connected to it. The power consumption parameters are shown on the display.

To measure the current strength and determine the power consumed by a household appliance without turning it off from the network, current clamps allow. Any device (regardless of the manufacturer and modification) consists of a magnetic circuit with a movable disconnecting bracket, a display, a voltage range switch and a button for fixing readings.

Measurement order:

1. Set the desired measurement range.
2. Open the magnetic circuit by pressing the bracket, put it behind the wire of the device under test and close it. The magnetic circuit must be located perpendicular to the power wire.
3. Take readings from the screen.

If a multi-core cable is placed in the magnetic circuit, then zero will be displayed on the display. This is because the magnetic fields of two conductors with the same current cancel each other out. To obtain the desired values, the measurement is carried out on only one wire. It is convenient to measure the consumed energy through an extension adapter, where the cable is divided into separate cores.

Determination of energy consumption by electricity meter

A meter is another easy way to determine the power of a home appliance.

How to count light by counter:

1. Turn off everything that runs on electricity in the apartment.
2. Record your readings.
3. Turn on the desired device for 1 hour.
4. Turn it off, subtract the previous readings from the received numbers.

The resulting number will be an indicator of the electricity consumption of a separate device.

How to calculate how much electricity an electric heating boiler consumes

It is impossible to determine the exact consumption of an electric boiler, since it depends both on weather conditions, the location and parameters of the house, and on operating conditions, the functionality of automation.

Nevertheless, it is quite simple to calculate an approximate indicator and present an approximate amount payable for heating a private house with an electric boiler.

At the same time, not everyone knows that electricity consumption can be reduced by 10, 30, and sometimes even 50% by resorting to small, quick payback costs, which are described in detail in this article.

We calculate how much electricity an electric boiler consumes per hour, day and month

Almost all modern electric boilers have an efficiency of 99% or more. This means that at maximum load, a 12 kW electric boiler will consume 12.12 kW of electricity. Electric boiler with a heat output of 9 kW - 9.091 kW of electricity per hour. In total, the maximum possible consumption of a boiler with a power of 9 kW:

1. Per day - 24 (hours) * 9.091 (kW) = 218.2 kW. In value terms, at the current tariff for the Moscow Region at the end of 2019 - 218.2 (kW) * 5.56 (rubles per 1 kWh) = 1,213.2 rubles / day.
2. In a month, the electric boiler consumes - 30 (days) * 2.18.2 (kW) = 6,546 kW. In value terms - 36,395.8 rubles / month.
3. For the heating season (suppose, from October 15 to March 31) - 136 (days) * 218.2 (kW) \u003d 29,675.2 kW. In value terms - 164,994.1 rubles / season.

However, a well-chosen boiler unit never operates at maximum load 24/7.

On average, during the heating season, the electric boiler consumes about 40-70% of the maximum power, that is, it works only 9-16 hours a day.

So, in practice, in an average brick house of 70-80 m2 in the climatic zone of the Moscow region, the same boiler with a capacity of 9 kW requires an expense of 13-16 thousand rubles per month.

Consumption based on the parameters of the house

A visual representation of the heat loss of a private house.

It is possible to more accurately assume the possible power consumption of an electric boiler by knowing the parameters of the house and its heat losses (also measured in kW).

To maintain a comfortable temperature, heating equipment must replenish the heat loss of the house.

This means that the heat output of the boiler = the heat loss of the house, and since the efficiency of electric boilers is 99% or more, then, roughly, the heat output of the electric boiler is also equal to the consumption of electricity. That is, the heat loss of the house roughly reflects the consumption of the electric boiler.

Heat loss of typical residential buildings with an area of ​​100 m2
Coating type and thickness	Average heat loss, kW (per hour)	Peak heat loss at -25°С, kW (per hour)
Frame insulated with mineral wool (150 mm)	3,4	6,3
Foam block D500 (400 mm)	3,7	6,9
House according to SNiP Mos. region	4	7,5
Foam concrete D800 (400 mm)	5,5	10,2
Hollow brick (600 mm)	6	11
Log (220 mm)	6,5	11,9
Beam (150 mm)	6,7	12,1
Frame insulated with mineral wool (50 mm)	9,1	17,3
Reinforced concrete (600 mm)	14	25,5

How to reduce electricity costs

Now you have learned how many kilowatts an electric boiler consumes and, perhaps, have made your calculations. It will be useful to learn about the methods and ways to reduce energy consumption at the stage of calculations:

1. Improving the work on changing the temperature avoids temperature fluctuations in different rooms and reduces energy consumption. For this, room thermostats are used. They allow the owner to reduce or increase the heating power at any time. The amount of energy that goes into consumption depends largely on the temperature outside. Naturally, the lower the air temperature outside the window, the greater the consumption.
2. The results of the calculation of consumption and cost are affected by the type of accounting and the use of a mixed heating method. It is clear that the daily distribution of loads between energy consumers is different. As a result, in order to maintain the desired temperature indicator, it is logical that the boiler should operate at night (from 23.00 to 6.00), that is, when energy consumption begins at a minimum and at other prices.
3. Multi-tariff accounting makes it possible to save about a third of financial costs.
4. It is possible to achieve better efficiency in the operation of the boiler by using forced circulation equipment. The pump is mounted in the return network and minimally limits the period of contact between the walls of the heating unit and the hot heat carrier. Therefore, the use of the generated heat source becomes longer.
5. It is good to save electricity costs by adding a device for obtaining heat from other raw materials to a functioning boiler. In addition, it will reduce the consumption of gas, fuel oil, coal or other selected energy source.

Therefore, the energy consumption of the boiler can be optimized. But you need to put in the effort.

Electric boilers effectively cope with the task - they provide warmth and comfort in the house, work efficiently and for a long time. As for the maintenance of this device, it is an expensive pleasure. But in some conditions, another version of the heating system cannot be used. Therefore, an electric boiler becomes a real salvation.

Scheme 2: according to housing characteristics

The electric boiler does not always exactly match the needs of the house for thermal energy. Often its power is selected with a margin. Here are some examples of such scenarios:

The double-circuit device provides the house with hot water;

The power of the double-circuit boiler is redundant, since it must provide the house with hot water. Including during the heating season.

• It is planned to add additional rooms to the house with the connection of heating devices in them to the existing circuit;
• The region is characterized by rare but severe frosts, and the heating system is designed specifically for them.

In the photo - winter Sevastopol. Even in warm regions, there are severe frosts. The heating system has to be designed with a margin of safety.

If the boiler power is obviously excessive, you will have to focus not on it, but on the actual heat consumption of the house. Most precisely, it can be calculated using the formula Q \u003d V * Dt * k / 860.

The variables in this formula, from left to right:

• Power consumption (kW);
• The volume of the room to be heated. It is indicated in SI units - cubic meters;

The volume of a room is equal to the product of its three dimensions.

• Difference between indoor temperature and outdoor temperature;
• warming factor.

Where to take the last two parameters?

The temperature delta is taken equal to the difference between the sanitary norm for the room and the coldest five days of winter.

You can take sanitary standards for residential premises from this table:

Description	Temperature norm, С
A room in the center of the house, the lower winter temperature is above -31C	18
A room in the center of the house, the lower winter temperature is below -31C	20
Corner or end room, lower winter temperature above -31C	20
Corner or end room, lower winter temperature below -31C	22

Sanitary temperature standards for non-residential rooms and common areas.

And here is the temperature of the coldest five-day period for some cities of our great and immense:

City	Value, C
Khabarovsk	-29
Surgut	-43
Smolensk	-25
St. Petersburg	-24
Saratov	-25
Petrozavodsk	-28
Permian	-25
Eagle	-25
Omsk	-37
Novosibirsk	-37
Murmansk	-30
Moscow	-25
Magadan	-29
Kemerovo	-39
Kazan	-31
Irkutsk	-33
Yekaterinburg	-32
Volgograd	-22
Vladivostok	-23
Vladimir	-28
Verkhoyansk	-58
Bryansk	-24
Barnaul	-36
Astrakhan	-21
Arkhangelsk	-33

Distribution of winter temperatures across the territory of Russia.

The insulation coefficient can be selected from the following range of values:

• House with insulated facade and triple glazing - 0.6-0.9;
• Walls in two bricks without insulation and double glazing - 1-1.9;
• Brick walls and windows glazed in one thread - 2 - 2.9.

Example

Let's calculate with our own hands the energy consumption for heating during the month for the following conditions:

House size: 6x8x3 meters.

Climatic zone: Sevastopol, Crimean peninsula (the temperature of the coldest five-day period is -11C).

Insulation: single glass, high thermal conductivity walls made of rubble stone half a meter thick.

A rubble house with single glazing requires intensive heating in winter.

	We calculate the volume. 8*6*3=144 m3.
	We calculate the temperature difference.The sanitary norm for a private house (warm region, all rooms are end or corner) is 20C, the temperature of the coldest five days of winter is -11. Delta - 20 - -11 = 33C.
	We select the coefficient of insulation. Thick rubble walls with its high thermal conductivity and single glazing give it a value of around 2.0.
	Substitute the values ​​into the formula. Q=144*33*2/860=11 (with rounding) kilowatts.

We also went through the technique of further calculations:

• The boiler will consume an average of 5.5 * 24 = 132 kWh per day;
• In a month, he will use 132 * 30 = 3960 kilowatt-hours of electricity.

Switching to a two-tariff meter will allow you to somewhat reduce heating costs.

How to find out how many kilowatts per day a gas appliance consumes

To find out how much electricity a gas boiler consumes, you need to do the usual calculation of energy consumption - it is used for any electrical appliances.

For the calculation, you will need the value of the electric power of the boiler. Its value is indicated in the technical documentation, it is measured in watts (W or W) and kilowatts. Usually indicate the maximum value of kilowatts consumed by the device - it is significantly higher than the average.

Let's say we have a double-circuit heater Baxi Eco Four 24, its heat output is 24 kW, and the electric one is 130 watts. To calculate the daily electricity consumption, multiply the power consumption by the number of hours during which consumption occurs.

If energy is consumed around the clock: 130 W x 24 h = 3120 W * h

This is the maximum consumption of the Baxi Eco Four 24 model per day. Dividing the result by 1000, we get 3.12 kWh.To find out how many kWh the device consumes per month - namely, in these units the consumed electric power is indicated in receipts for payment - you need to multiply the number of kilowatts consumed per day by 30:

3.12 kWh x 30 (days) = 93.6 kWh

This is the maximum value of the consumed electric power. It is clear that to calculate the consumption for the year, you need to multiply the result obtained by the number of months in the year during which the device operates.

For single-circuit models, their number is limited by the heating season - about 5. For two-circuit devices switched to the economical summer mode, the consumption is calculated taking into account the summer months.

What is electricity used for

In heating equipment connected to the power grid, the lion's share of electricity is consumed:

• circulation pump. He "eats" electricity more than others and consumes energy up to 200 watts per hour. Like any electric motor, the pump requires perfect voltage parameters. Any inconsistencies with the standards lead to a decrease in power indicators - it starts to work noisily and may even break down.
• Protective automation. It consumes little electricity - about 15-30 watts. Afraid of power surges - because of them, the controller may break down, which will cause the equipment to turn off.
• burners. They are extremely demanding on current characteristics. They require a three-pole connection so that the fire is recognized by the ionization electrode and the burner does not stop working. Gas burners are characterized by a long starting current of the fan - there is an increase in starting power. The fan motor is sensitive to the parameters of the mains - with the smallest deviations from the correct sinusoid, it is unstable.

How much electricity does an electric boiler consume

There are many types of units that are used to heat houses: for example, if the principle of operation of the device is the combustion of various fuels, then it combines several functions:

1. Energy conversion.
2. Energy generation.

Electric boilers do not have the function of generating energy, they only convert it from electricity to heat. And this significantly increases their coefficient of performance (COP).

The cost of such equipment depends on several components:

1. Where is the housing located.
2. Do people permanently live in this room.

For the correct selection of the unit that will heat the room, it is necessary to take into account some conditions:

1. Heater cost.
2. Costs for the purchase of radiators, convectors, pipelines, etc.
3. Additional costs for the installation of this equipment.
4. Expenses for documentation and connection to electrical networks.

When choosing a unit for heating, many homeowners prefer electric boilers. Compared to other types of appliances, they have high performance and a wide range of heating - from small houses to cottages with a large area. No matter how hard you try, you can’t do without some calculations when choosing this device.

It is necessary to decide how many circuits should be on this equipment. If this is a two-circuit unit, then you need to decide how it will be used - only for space heating or also for warming water.

After completing these formalities, you need to decide on some more parameters:

1. The choice of device depends on what will be the area of ​​​​the heated room.
2. What voltage is available to connect the device to the mains.
3. length of the heating season.
4. Is heating constantly needed in the winter (in what month is it supposed to stay in a heated room).
5. How long will the heating unit work at maximum load.
6. Its performance and efficiency.
7. Electricity consumption per month.

How much electricity does an electric boiler consume?

If we consider the average indicators at which the electricity consumption of the device is considered approximately, then the calculation is as follows: for heating a house with an area of ​​50 sq. m, a device with a power of 3 kW will need 0.7 kW / h, so it can consume 16.8 kW / h per day in continuous operation.

Choosing a heating boiler

There are 3 types of electric boilers, the efficiency of which ranges from 90 to 98%. Regardless of the type, there are single-circuit and double-circuit boilers, so if hot water is needed, then a double-circuit one should be chosen.

heating elements

This is the "oldest" type of electric boiler, operating on the principle of an electric kettle. The only difference is that water circulates in the system constantly, passing through the heating chamber, where the heating elements are located. The model is characterized by an efficiency of 90-95%, but on the other hand, non-freezing liquid can be used as a coolant, which is convenient for summer cottages. The device has a small size and a respectable appearance.

induction

Here, the coolant is heated by passing through the pipe, which is located inside the inductor. The inductor itself is not a heater, that is, it is a winding through which an alternating electric current passes. As a result, an alternating magnetic field arises, which induces Foucault eddy currents in a metal pipe, and eddy currents heat up the pipe according to Joule Lenz's law.

This type is characterized by high efficiency - up to 98%, electrical safety and reliability. The disadvantages are large dimensions and high price.

Electrode

This is a relatively new type of heating technology, which today attracts with its low price, high efficiency - 98% and small dimensions. The principle of operation is quite simple. Inside there are 2 electrodes and the current flows through the coolant - water, while it heats up.

How to calculate the electricity consumption of a TV

A TV is an indispensable element of household appliances in every home. Often, the owners install several copies for each room. Devices can be of several types: cathode ray tube models, LED, LSD or plasma TVs. The power consumption of the device is affected by its type, screen size, color, brightness, white and black balance, active work time, duration of stay in sleep mode. Based on the table of electricity consumption of household appliances, the TV uses an average of 0.1-0.3 kW.

The consumption of electrical energy will depend on the type and mode of operation of the TV.

The power of televisions in Watts with a cathode ray tube is 60-100 watts per hour. On average, he can work about 5 hours a day. Monthly consumption reaches 15 kW. This is how much electricity will be spent on its active work. The TV also consumes 2-3 watts per hour in standby mode when connected to the mains. The total energy consumption can be 16.5-17.5 kW per month.

The power consumption of LED or LSD models directly depends on the screen size. For example, a 32-inch LSD TV will consume 45-55 watts per hour in operating mode, and 1 watt in standby mode. The total electricity consumption per month is 6.7-9 kW. LED models consume an average of 35-40% less electrical energy. In active mode, a 42-inch TV will use 80-100 watts, in sleep mode - 0.3 watts. The total consumption per month will be 15-20 kW.

Plasma TVs have good color reproduction. The power of the TV in kW is 0.15-0.19 in active mode, and 120 W / day in sleep mode. The total consumption per month can be 30-35 kW. To save electricity, you should unplug the plug from the outlet, correctly adjust the brightness level depending on the time of day, set the timer to automatically turn off.

How much electricity can household electrical appliances consume.

1. Computer

Calculations that will show how much electricity a computer spends will be carried out approximately, since it all depends on the power of your computer's power supply and the specific work that the computer is currently doing.

For example, when the power of a computer unit is from 350 to 550 watts, it is unlikely to consume all the power even at full load. It is also necessary to take into account the monitor - from 60 to 100 watts. In total, with an average power supply for a computer of 450 watts and a monitor of 100 watts, you get 550 watts or 0.55 kW of electricity per hour. This figure is greatly inflated. For an approximate calculation, you can take the maximum value - 0.5 kW / h. Thus, when using a computer 4 hours a day, you get 60 kW / h per month. (0.5*4*30).Now we can start from these figures, for example, when using a computer 8 hours a day, we get 120 kW / h. per month.

2. Refrigerator

The technical passport for the refrigerator indicates the electricity consumption per year. Basically, this figure is in the range from 230 to 450 kW / h. Dividing this value by 12, we get from 20 to 38 kWh of electricity consumption per month. This indicator is applicable only for ideal conditions. The amount of power consumed depends on the volume of the refrigerator and on the amount of food in it. It is also necessary to take into account external conditions, depending on the time of year.

3. TV

TVs are different. On average, for calculation, we will take 100 W / h. For example, when watching TV, you spend 5 hours a day - 0.5 kWh. About 15 kW/h per month. LCD TVs with a large screen diagonal consume 200-50 watts per hour. Screen brightness also plays an important role. Accordingly, we calmly multiply the number of kilowatt-hours spent per month by 1.5. It turns out about 23 kW / h, but this is an average value, do not forget about it. Plasma TVs with a large diagonal consume from 300 to 500 watts per hour. If you have several different TVs in your apartment, sum up the values.

4. Washing machine

In order to determine how much electricity a washing machine consumes, you need to know the washing mode, the weight of the laundry and the type of material. On average, the power will range from 2 to 2.5 kWh. However, it is rare that machines consume this amount of electricity. For calculations, you can take from 1 to 1.5 kW / h. When washing 2 times a week for 2 hours, we get from 16 to 24 kW / h.

5. Kettle and iron

Most of the energy consumed in the apartment is a kettle and an iron.Working for a minimum amount of time, they consume the same amount of electricity as some appliances in a month. With a kettle power of 1.5 to 2.5 kW / h, using it 4 times a day for 5 minutes, we get from 20 to 25 kW / h per month. Iron is a similar story. Its power is about the same as that of a kettle, if ironed 3 times a week for 1 hour, it will turn out from 25 to 30 kW / h per month.

Not all appliances that consume electricity are listed here, they can also include microwave ovens, vacuum cleaners, phone chargers and laptops. You also need to take into account incandescent lamps, which, depending on their number, power and operating time, can consume from 50 to 100 kW / h of electricity per month.

As a result, through such calculations, we get the approximate consumption of electricity will range from 200 to 300 kW / h per month.

Many have heard that the increased electricity bill is entirely your fault. Either you sit at the computer a lot, or you watch TV for too long, and you also iron and wash too often. But let's try to figure out how much electricity household appliances can consume.

What influences consumption

The results of the calculations inspire fear, but in reality everything is not so scary. The second example shows calculations of the maximum hourly energy consumption during the coldest winter nights. But usually, after all, it is much warmer outside and, accordingly, the temperature delta is much smaller.

It makes sense to carry out calculations, focusing on the average monthly figure, which can be found from the archive reports of weather services. When determining the delta, this figure is substituted for the minimum values.

So it will turn out to find out the average maximum hourly energy consumption in a particular month Qmax. To get the average monthly value, the formula is useful: Q \u003d Qmax / 2 * 24 * x, where Q is the energy spent per month, and x is the number of calendar days. An example of its use is given in the first section of the article.

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How to calculate boiler power

A number of factors depend on the final capacity of the installation. On average, ceilings up to 3 meters high are accepted. In this case, the calculation is reduced to a ratio of 1 kW per 10 m 2, in a climate typical of the middle lanes. However, for an accurate calculation, consider the following number of factors:

• the condition of windows, doors and floors, the presence of cracks on them;
• What are the walls made of?
• the presence of additional insulation;
• how the house is illuminated by the sun;
• climatic conditions;

If it blows from all the cracks in your room, then even 3 kW per 10 m 2 may not be enough for you. The path to energy saving lies in the use of high-quality materials and compliance with all construction technologies.

You should not take a boiler with a large margin, this will lead to high electricity consumption and financial costs. The margin must be 10% or 20%.

The principle of operation also affects the final power. Look at the comparison table, it will surely help you: