The heating system of a two-story house: typical schemes and specifics of the wiring project

Single pipe heating system

Modern builders adhere to a single-pipe heating distribution scheme for a building with two floors. Such a scheme implies the installation of absolutely all heat emitters in the room. As a result, a long chain of connected pipes is formed. A stream of hot water passes through them, which heats all the radiators. This scheme will contribute to uniform heating of the air throughout the room.

If the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house is very large, then you can install a two-pipe scheme for efficient water heating. Despite the fact that such a scheme is very expensive, the efficiency of air heating will be maximum. To do this, connect the supply to all radiators individually.In this case, the collector circuit for heating a two-story house works.

Collector scheme for heating a two-story house:

If you apply this particular heating scheme, you can heat the entire room much more efficiently, as well as better control the temperature, even in a very large two-story house.

No less popular is the collector scheme, implemented for heating a two-story building. The main feature is its low price and high efficiency. This scheme allows you to do hidden pipe laying, which will significantly increase the aesthetics of the room. You can install a collector heating circuit on your own, while not having the necessary knowledge and high qualifications.

Professional builders advise combining several heating schemes in order to achieve the desired result.

One-pipe heating system of a two-story house:

Two-pipe heating system of a two-story house:

The heating scheme of a modern urban 2-storey house differs significantly from the heating scheme of an urban high-rise building and a one-story building.

Firstly, the heating system of an individual two-story house should be very easy to install, since it is not always possible to hire highly qualified repairmen to correctly design the work. Also, the difference between the heating system of a private two-story house is that it can be easily installed independently, which cannot be done in a multi-story or one-story building.

For a private house, more reliable heating systems are provided, using high-quality material. Modern builders prefer two-pipe systems, which are very reliable and economical during operation.

This is a very important requirement when installing a heating system in a two-story house.

Another difference is that a two-story house does not require the installation of an additional pump, unlike an urban high-rise building, where more water pressure is needed to supply water to apartments more efficiently. As you know, high-rise apartments require the installation of an additional boiler in order to better control the temperature in the room.

Single-pipe heating scheme for a two-story house with forced circulation:

When installing a heating system in a building with two floors, one cannot do without forced circulation of the entire room, otherwise the heating efficiency will drop, and this is a significant loss of money. There may also be interruptions in power supply and heating devices. Due to the fact that the water pressure is very high, experts advise purchasing a water flow power regulator so as not to damage the pipes.

For a two-story house, it is best to purchase a condensing boiler. This will allow you to extract maximum heat, due to the fact that better condensation occurs during the combustion of products. For a multi-storey building, accordingly, experts recommend buying solid fuel boilers, since the fuel burns in them with limited air supplies, which is often the case in apartments on the top floors.

Before choosing a boiler for a two-story building, the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe entire dwelling should be determined in order to select the most suitable condensing boiler in terms of power.

Experts do not advise installing this equipment on their own, since the slightest mistakes can lead to big problems with pressure in the heating system of a private two-story house.

It is best to entrust such work to highly qualified specialists - boilermakers who have extensive experience in installing boilers in a two-story house.

Heating scheme for a two-story house.

Scheme of single-pipe heating in a two-story house.

1. Boiler

3. Circulation pump.

4. Heating radiators.

5. Faucets "maevskogo" for the descent of air.

6. Expander, open type.

The simplest heating of a two-story house. There is nothing tricky, there are no bells and whistles either. Personally, I did not advise you to make such a system. For the reasons that.

1

And the most important thing in my opinion. The first floor wakes up cold until the second floor warms up! Do not agree to the persuasion of those who are going to make heating for you

2. This system consumes an incredible amount of firewood, coal. Which, in my opinion, is also the reason why this heating system should not be installed. Of course, you can say "but my neighbor has the same system, and there is nothing, it does not consume so much coal"

I answer, why then install this heating system for a two-story house if you can mount a much better and more economical system in all respects, and thereby greatly reduce the consumption of what you heat your house with??

One of these days I’ll post the heating scheme on the site, and my crown system, which consumes coal, only 7-8 tons, while the heating scheme is 3 floors, so we won’t go far. Add the site to your bookmarks.

Here I wrote a new article (as I promised) and called it a sequential heating scheme

Leningrad heating system. the scheme of which is widely used in multi-storey and private houses - this is one of the most common schemes for organizing heating in buildings. Heating according to this scheme is carried out autonomously, so it is in great demand among owners of country houses.

The piping in this system is sequential: from the heating boiler to the radiators and then back to the boiler. The cycle is closed. Water or antifreeze is traditionally used as a coolant. The Leningrad heating system for a two-story house is the most popular among owners of suburban real estate, small retail premises, office buildings, and catering establishments.

Schemes of a two-pipe heating system of a two-story house

Here we will look at a few simple, most common two-pipe water heating schemes for a two-story house, which you can do with your own hands:

• with a passing connection of radiators, which in turn can be with horizontal or vertical, top or bottom wiring;
• beam or collector.

Each of them has its own characteristics, its pros and cons and can be both open and closed, both with natural circulation of the coolant and with forced circulation.

Such a scheme is simple and assumes the presence of two horizontal contours (loops) on each floor. At the same time, in order to maintain the conditions for natural (gravitational) circulation of the coolant, the main pipes of the circuits, both supply and discharge (return), must be mounted with a slope of 3-5.With the top wiring of the supply pipe, this is quite simple. The disadvantage is that the supply pipes somewhat spoil the interior.

Fig. 1 Scheme of an open two-pipe heating system of a two-story house with horizontal wiring and natural circulation

This option will be most suitable for a non-volatile solid fuel boiler when they want to achieve maximum autonomy and independence from the availability of electricity. For wiring according to this scheme, both metal (preferably) and plastic or metal-plastic pipes can be used. In the last two cases, it is necessary that the supply line (in this case, the riser) at a distance of 1.5-2 m from the boiler be metal.

Open, with vertical wiring and combined circulation

In this scheme, radiators on different floors are connected using vertical risers. The system is designed in such a way that it can work with natural circulation, but a bypass with a circulation pump and shutoff valves is cut into it, in front of the boiler. Thus, the system has the ability to work with both forced and natural circulation.

Rice. 2 Scheme of two-pipe heating of a two-story house with vertical wiring and combined circulation

Closed, with horizontal bottom wiring and forced circulation

Such a scheme assumes the use of a sealed membrane tank as an expansion tank and the presence of excess pressure in the system (usually about 1.5 bar (atm.)). If an electric or gas boiler is used as a generator, which automatically turns off in the absence of electricity, then this option may be quite acceptable.The lower wiring of the supply pipe allows you to more aesthetically fit it into the interior of the room. In addition, with such a wiring, pipes can be laid in a hidden way, for example, under the floor.

Rice. 3 Scheme of a closed two-pipe heating system of a two-story house with forced circulation

Closed beam (collector) with bottom wiring

This is another two-pipe version, which differs in that in it each radiator is connected separately, using special distribution manifolds - manifolds. Such distributors are usually mounted separately for each floor, in niches or other accessible, but inconspicuous places. It is also possible to place the collector for the whole house in the boiler room or basement. But this will require the consumption of an additional number of pipes, which is already one of the main disadvantages of such schemes. But, on the other hand, they allow you to regulate the heat supply to each radiator as conveniently as possible and distribute the heat most evenly throughout the house. When using a collector wiring diagram for a heating system, most often, pipes are laid in a hidden way, under the floor or in niches.

Rice. 4 Scheme of the collector (radiant) heating system of a two-story house

2 System with forced fluid movement - optimal by today's standards

When developing a modern heating project for a two-story house, the authors of the document will most likely include a heating circuit with a circulation pump in it. Systems with natural movement of fluid through pipes do not fit into the concept of a modern interior, in addition, forced circulation provides better performance for water heating, especially in private houses with a large area.

Forced circulation makes it much easier to relate to the location of the elements of the heating system relative to each other, but there are still general rules for piping the boiler, preferentially connecting radiators, and laying pipe communications. Despite the presence of a circulation pump in the circuit, when installing the wiring, they try to minimize the resistance of pipes, their connections and transitions in order to reduce the load on the liquid pumping device and avoid fluid turbulence in difficult places.

The use of forced circulation in the pipe circuit allows you to achieve the following operational advantages:

• the high speed of the liquid movement ensures uniform heating of all heat exchangers (batteries), due to which better heating of various rooms is achieved;
• forced injection of the coolant removes the restriction from the total heating area, allowing you to make communications of any length;
• a circuit with a circulation pump works effectively at low liquid temperatures (less than 60 degrees), making it easier to maintain the optimum temperature in the rooms of a private house;
• low liquid temperature and low pressure (within 3 bar) allows the use of inexpensive plastic pipes for the installation of a heating system;
• the diameter of thermal communications is much smaller than in a system with natural circulation, and their hidden laying is possible without observing natural slopes;
• the possibility of operating heating radiators of any type (preference is given to aluminum batteries);
• low heating inertia (no more than half an hour passes from starting the boiler to reaching the maximum temperature by the radiators);
• the ability to make the circuit closed using a membrane expansion tank (although the installation of an open system is also not excluded);
• thermoregulation can be carried out both in the whole system, and zonal or pointwise (to regulate the temperature on each heater separately).

Another advantage of the forced heating system of a two-story private house is the arbitrary choice of a place to install the boiler. Usually it is mounted on the ground floor or in the basement, if there is a basement, but the heat generator does not have to be specially deepened and the level of its location relative to the return pipe must be calculated. Both floor and wall installation of the boiler is allowed, which provides a wide choice of suitable equipment model according to the personal preferences of the homeowner.

A heating system with a circulation pump is most often found in modern projects.

Despite the technical perfection of heating with forced fluid movement, such a system has drawbacks. Firstly, this is the noise that is formed during the rapid circulation of the coolant through the pipes, especially intensifying in places of narrowing, sharp turns in the pipeline. Often the noise of a moving liquid is a sign of excessive power (performance) of the circulation pump applicable to a given heating circuit.

Secondly, the operation of water heating depends on electricity, which is necessary for the constant pumping of the coolant by the circulation pump.The circuit layout usually does not contribute to the natural movement of the liquid, therefore, during long power outages (if there is no uninterruptible power supply), the housing is left without heating.

Like a circuit with natural circulation, the heating of a two-story house with forced pumping of the coolant is done with one-pipe and two-pipe wiring. How these schemes look right will be discussed later.

For a two-story house

For a two-story building, it is necessary to use more complex heating schemes. An efficiently built system allows you to maintain a cozy and comfortable atmosphere in the house.

With minimal theoretical knowledge and practical skills in repair work, it is possible to independently build a two-circuit heating system in a two-story house.

Scheme with natural circulation for a two-story house

Collector

Advantages of double-circuit collector systems for cottages

• Uniform distribution of the coolant to the radiators directly from the boiler.
• Minimal pressure and temperature losses.
• Possibility to use powerful circulation pumps.
• Implementation of adjustment and repair of individual elements without a negative impact on the entire system.

Large consumption of materials.

It's important to know! Connection of additional elements (“warm floor”, heated towel rails, massage bathtubs) is possible both during the installation of the main part and during the next repair. The most appropriate is the design of a heating system during the construction of a house, because

in this case, the heating network has the highest efficiency (the most convenient location for the boiler, radiators and pipelines is selected).

• Boiler.
• Radiators.
• Auto air vent
• Balancing, safety and thermostatic valve.
• Membrane expansion tank.
• Stop valve.
• mechanical filter.
• pressure gauge
• Circulation pump.

A feature of heating, as in one-story buildings, is the presence of two circuits - supply and return pipelines. Radiators are connected in parallel. It is most expedient to carry out the supply in the upper part, and the withdrawal - in the lower part. The direction of the liquid diagonally creates uniform heating and greater heat transfer of the coolant.

An example of an assembled manifold

Thermostatic valves located on the radiators are also used to regulate the temperature. With their help, it is easy to limit the temperature in a separate room or shut off the heat supply altogether. The exclusion of the heat sink in this way does not affect the efficiency of the system in general.

For uniformity of the coolant flow, balancing valves are installed on the radiators.

The safety valve, in the event of excessive pressure, discharges liquid into the expansion tank. With a significant decrease in pressure in the system, the working fluid is taken from the membrane tank.

The circulation pump is included in the circuit to maintain the required flow rate of the coolant.

How the system works

• The working fluid enters the supply pipeline.
• After removing excess air (by means of an automatic valve), it is heated and fed into vertical risers. Where is the division of supply for the first and second floors.
• After passing through the radiators, it returns along the return circuit to the boiler.

It's important to know! The return (return pipeline) is connected to another boiler inlet. Divided in the same way as the supply circuit

This scheme can be used in a system with artificial and natural circulation when using additional equipment: pumps, heat exchangers, expansion tanks.

Two-pipe system with the introduction of a collector schema is the best solution for heating two-story houses. Despite the laboriousness and high financial costs, such heating pays off in several seasons.

The procedure for arranging two-pipe heating in a two-story cottage

A heating circuit of this type implies the presence of the following elements:

• heating boiler;
• auto air hub;
• radiators in the required quantity;
• valves - balancing, thermostatic, safety;
• circulation pump;
• expansion tank;
• valves;
• supply and return collectors (with a collector circuit);
• inlet and outlet pipes;
• measuring equipment, such as a thermomanometer.

Installation algorithm:

Choose the most suitable scheme.
Order drawings of the scheme and calculation of the amount of required materials from the design bureau.
Install in a suitable room, with good ventilation and fire-resistant coating of surfaces, a heating boiler

If the boiler is electric, these precautions are not needed.
Install an expansion tank connected, if necessary, to a distribution manifold.
Equip the system with measuring and control devices.
Connect pipes to all radiators - inlet and outlet. Connect a circulation pump to the return circuit (the device works better at low temperatures).
Visually assess the quality of work and conduct tests.

If the calculations were correctly carried out and the assembly was carried out with due care, the heating system will last a long time, without interruptions in operation.

Characteristics of Leningradka

When choosing an installation, you should pay attention to the fact that it differs in the way the coolant circulates:

• Water moves forcibly. Leningradka with a pump increases circulation, but at the same time consumes electricity.
• Water moves by gravity. The process is carried out due to physical laws. Cyclicity is provided by the temperature difference and under the action of gravity.

The technical characteristics of Leningradka without a pump are inferior to forced ones in terms of the speed of movement of the coolant and the speed of heating.

To improve the properties of the equipment, it is equipped with various devices:

• Ball valves - thanks to them, you can adjust the temperature level for heating the room.
• Thermostats direct the coolant to the desired zones.
• Valves are used to regulate the circulation of water.

These add-ons allow you to upgrade even a previously installed system.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of using include:

• Profitability - the cost of the elements is low, installation can be carried out independently. During operation, energy is saved.
• Availability - parts for assembly are available at any hardware store.
• The heating system of a private house in Leningradka is easily repaired in case of breakdowns.

Among the shortcomings are:

• Installation features. To equalize heat transfer, it is necessary to add several sections to each radiator located far from the boiler.
• Inability to connect to a horizontal installation of underfloor heating or heated towel rails.
• Since pipes with a large cross section are used when forming an external network, the equipment looks unaesthetic.

How to mount correctly?

Installing Leningradka is quite feasible with your own hands, for this, 1 of the methods is selected:

1. Horizontal. A prerequisite is the laying of a floor covering in the structure or on top of it, it is necessary to choose at the design stage.

The supply network is installed at a slope to ensure the free movement of water. All radiators must be located on the same level.

2. Vertical is used in case of using forced type equipment. The advantage of this method lies in the rapid heating of the coolant even when installing pipes with a small cross section. Functioning occurs due to the installation of a circulation pump. If you want to do without it, then you should purchase pipes with a large diameter and place them under a slope. The Leningradka vertical water heating system is mounted with bypasses, which allow repairing individual elements of the equipment without shutting it down. The length must not exceed 30 m.

Features of the installation of the Leningradka heating system are reduced to following the sequence of work:

• Install the boiler and connect it to a common line. The pipeline must run around the entire perimeter of the building.
• The expansion tank is a must. To connect it, a vertical pipe is cut. It should be located near the heating boiler. The tank is installed above all other elements.
• Radiators are cut into the supply network. They are supplied with bypasses and ball valves.
• Close the equipment on the heating boiler.

A video review of the Leningradka heating distribution system will help you understand the order of work and follow their sequence.

“A few years ago we moved to live outside the city. We have a single-pipe heating system installed in a two-story house similar to Leningradka. For normal circulation, I connected the equipment to the pump. There is enough pressure for heating the 2nd floor, it is not cold. All rooms are well heated. Easy to install, no expensive materials required.

Grigory Astapov, Moscow.

“When choosing heating, I studied a lot of information. According to reviews, Leningradka approached us due to the savings in materials. Radiators chose bimetallic. It works smoothly, fully copes with the heating of a two-story house, but the equipment should be cleaned periodically. After 3 years, our radiators stopped working at full capacity. It turns out that garbage was clogged on the approaches to them. After cleaning, the operation resumed.

Oleg Egorov, St. Petersburg.

“The Leningradka heating distribution system has been working with us for more than a year. Generally satisfied, easy installation and easy maintenance. I took polypropylene pipes with a diameter of 32 mm, the boiler runs on solid fuel. We use antifreeze diluted with water as a coolant. The equipment fully copes with the heating of a house of 120 m2.

Alexey Chizhov, Yekaterinburg.