Schemes for connecting heating batteries in a private house

The process of preparing for connection from the boiler

Preliminary work is very important before installing heating radiators:

• Inspection of the current binding. The study will create a similar system, which will positively affect the operation.
• Checking accessories for the radiator. The set must contain: Mayevsky crane, shut-off valves, brackets.

Adapters and a gasket are included in some models, sometimes you need to purchase them.When manually replacing, you will need tools - wrenches that are suitable in size. And you also need to purchase a sealant.

• Checking pipes for compatibility with a new battery. The outer layer of the bimetallic device is made of aluminum, which is not compatible with soft materials. For example, copper piping or taps will need to be replaced. Otherwise, the system is threatened with imminent destruction.
• Choosing a location for the battery. This is especially true for mounts if an old device is being replaced.
• Examination of the radiator for visible damage, surface integrity, coating.
• With full compliance of the components, they proceed to the replacement. At the preparatory stage, water is drained from old batteries.

After completing the preparation, proceed to the choice of the connection scheme. The first paragraph states that you should choose an option similar to the old one. This will allow not to rebuild the entire system and maintain the current efficiency. The process is quite simple and is described below.

Important! At the end, a set of tests is carried out, known as crimping. It includes water, heat and pneumatic tests.

Furniture items

A few examples of furnishing a kitchen combined with a living room:

1. 1. Sofa. It becomes an object that zones the space. The sofa is placed with its back to the place where food is prepared. In small rooms (less than 20 sq m) they put a corner, which is located against a wall installed perpendicular or parallel to the kitchen.
2. 2. Headset. According to the designers, minimalist models without elaborate details look modern. The service, vases or glasses are placed on an open shelf. You can buy a fashion showcase for them. Furniture is placed near the wall.If the space is large (20 sq m, 25 sq m or 30 sq m), then in the central part you can install an island, which also has departments for kitchen appliances.
3. 3. A set of furniture. Style should be combined with the design of both rooms. In small rooms, a compact table and chairs made of transparent material or painted in light colors look good. In the interior of the living room, you can put a table with a round top. In spacious rooms, the kit is installed near the wall or in the central part. An elongated rectangular dining table will look good here.

Radiator connection options

To know how to properly connect a heating battery, you need to consider that in addition to the types of piping, there are several schemes for connecting batteries to the heating system. These include the following options for connecting heating radiators in a private house:

In this case, the connection of the outlet and supply pipes is made on one side of the radiator. This method of connection allows you to achieve uniform heating of each section at minimal cost for equipment and a small amount of coolant. Most often used in multi-storey buildings, with a large number of radiators.

Useful information: If the battery, connected to the heating system in a one-way scheme, has a large number of sections, the efficiency of its heat transfer will be significantly reduced due to the weak heating of its remote sections. It is better to ensure that the number of sections does not exceed 12 pieces. or use another connection method.

It is used when connecting to a heating system with a large number of sections.In this case, the supply pipe, as in the previous connection option, is located at the top, and the return pipe is at the bottom, but they are located on opposite sides of the radiator. Thus, heating of the maximum battery area is achieved, which increases heat transfer and improves the efficiency of space heating.

This connection scheme, otherwise called "Leningrad", is used in systems with a hidden pipeline laid under the floor. In this case, the connection of the inlet and outlet pipes is made to the lower branch pipes of the sections located at opposite ends of the battery.

The disadvantage of this scheme is heat loss, reaching 12-14%, which can be compensated by the installation of air valves designed to remove air from the system and increase battery power.

Heat loss depends on the choice of the method of connecting the radiator

For quick dismantling and repair of the radiator, its outlet and inlet pipes are equipped with special taps. To adjust the power, it is equipped with a temperature control device, which is installed on the supply pipe.

What are the technical characteristics of aluminum heating radiators. you can learn from a separate article. It also contains a list of popular manufacturers.

And about what constitutes an expansion tank for closed-type heating. read in another article. Volume calculation, installation.

Tips for choosing an instantaneous water heater for a faucet are here. Device, popular models.

As a rule, the installation of the heating system and the installation of heating radiators is carried out by invited specialists.However, using the listed methods for connecting heating radiators in a private house, this can be done independently, strictly observing the technological sequence of this process.

If you perform these works accurately and competently, ensuring the tightness of all connections in the system, there will be no problems with it during operation, and installation costs will be minimal.

The photo shows an example of a diagonal way to install a radiator in a country house

The procedure for this will be as follows:

• We dismantle the old radiator (if necessary), having previously blocked the heating line.
• We mark the place of installation. The radiators are fixed on brackets that need to be attached to the walls, taking into account the regulatory requirements described earlier. This must be taken into account when marking.
• Attach brackets.
• We collect the battery. To do this, we install adapters on the mounting holes in it (they come with the device).

Attention: Usually two adapters are left-handed and two are right-handed!

• To plug unused collectors, we use Mayevsky taps and locking caps. To seal the joints, we use sanitary flax, winding it on the left thread counterclockwise, on the right - clockwise.
• We fasten ball-type valves to the junctions with the pipeline.
• We hang the radiator in place and connect it to the pipeline with mandatory sealing of the joints.
• We make pressure testing and trial start-up of water.

Thus, before connecting a heating battery in a private house, it is necessary to determine the type of wiring in the system and its connection scheme.At the same time, installation work can be performed independently, taking into account the established standards and process technology.

How the installation of heating batteries in a private house is carried out, the video will show you clearly.

Connecting heating batteries in a private house

The main function of any heating system is to heat the room. Each element of such a system, from the boiler to the batteries in the farthest room, must be connected and located in such a way that their heat transfer level is close to the maximum. In the system for connecting radiators, it is necessary to take into account such features of each room as the location of pipes, their length, as well as the total number of heating devices.

Photo 1 Examples of connecting radiators

How to choose the right place

Heating in the house works simultaneously in two directions:

• heating the room,
• Blocking the movement of cold air.

That is why connecting heating radiators in a private house is a rather complicated process, the comfort in the room will depend on the correctness of which.

Most often, batteries are placed under the windowsill, for this it is necessary to maintain a certain distance:

• Between the wall and the battery - from three to five centimeters.
• Between the floor and the radiator - at least 10 centimeters.

In addition, the battery should not be placed completely under the window sill - if it is too wide, the heater should be pushed forward using special fasteners for this.

In case the heat is very strong, it is recommended to install a screen that distributes warm air.

In cottages or houses, batteries are most often placed in two versions - this is a single-pipe and two-pipe connection method. It is worth considering each of them in more detail in order to choose the most optimal for yourself.

Single pipe scheme

Photo 2 One-pipe connection diagram

Methods for connecting heating radiators in a private house include the simplest one - this is a one-pipe method, according to which all batteries are connected to each other in series using one pipe. It goes from the heating boiler to the first radiator, then to the second, third and so on. There is another option for such a connection - a solid pipe, to which radiators are connected using risers and a return pipe (return). In the first version of the scheme, one of the radiators cannot be blocked without stopping the heat supply to the others. The advantage of the method is the saving of materials, the minus is the big difference in heating the first radiator from the boiler and the radiator in the farthest room.

Two-pipe scheme

Photo 3 Two-pipe connection diagram

The way to connect heating radiators in a private house according to this scheme is somewhat more complicated. The system consists of several heating batteries, which are interconnected in a parallel way. In this case, the supply of hot water is carried out through one pipe, and the return - through the other. This method is most suitable for heating a private house or cottage, since the degree of heating in this case is almost identical in all rooms, it can be adjusted using a convenient thermostat.

Photo 4 Diagonal battery connection diagram

When placing radiators, one should take into account how the heating system was designed, in particular, if the movement of the coolant is provided by the pump, in this case there are much fewer problems, but there is a dependence on energy carriers.

Natural circulation is much more common, that is, a hot coolant, most often it is water, rising up, pushing out the cold one with its mass. In this case, the heating system does not depend on energy carriers, but it is only necessary for specialists to design such a scheme, who will study the total length of the pipes, the specifics, the number of heating elements, as well as the number of sections in the radiators.

In a word, if the goal is to provide high-quality heating at home, it is necessary to take into account all the features of a particular object, and entrust the process to professionals.

Other types of connection

There are more profitable options than the bottom connection, which reduce heat loss:

1. Diagonal. All experts have long come to the conclusion that this type of connection is ideal, regardless of which piping scheme it is used in. The only system where this type cannot be used is the horizontal bottom single pipe system. That is the same Leningrad. What is the meaning of diagonal connection? The coolant moves inside the radiator diagonally - from the top pipe to the bottom. It turns out that hot water is evenly distributed throughout the entire internal volume of the device, falling from top to bottom, that is, in a natural way. And since the speed of water movement is not very high during natural circulation, the heat transfer will be high. Heat loss in this case is only 2%.
2. Lateral, or one-sided.This type is very often used in apartment buildings. Connection is made to the side branch pipes on one side. Experts believe that this type is one of the most effective, but only if the coolant circulation under pressure is installed in the system. In city apartments, this is not a problem. And to ensure it in a private house, you will have to install a circulation pump.

What is the advantage of one species over others? In fact, proper connection is the key to efficient heat transfer and reduced heat loss. But in order to properly connect the battery, you need to prioritize.

Take, for example, a two-story private house. What to prefer in this case? Here are some options:

Two and one pipe systems

• Install a one-pipe system with side connection.
• Carry out the installation of a two-pipe system with a diagonal connection.
• Use a single-pipe scheme with lower wiring on the first floor and with upper wiring on the second.

So you can always find options for connection schemes. Of course, you will have to take into account some nuances, for example, the location of the premises, the presence of a basement or attic

But in any case, it is important to correctly distribute the radiators among the rooms, taking into account the number of their sections. That is, the power of the heating system will have to be taken into account even with such a question as the correct connection of radiators. In a one-story private house, it will not be very difficult to connect the battery correctly, given the length of the heating circuit

If this is a Leningrad one-pipe scheme, then only a lower connection is possible. If the two-pipe scheme, then you can use a collector system or solar.Both options are based on the principle of connecting one radiator to two circuits - coolant supply and return. In this case, the upper piping is most often used, where the distribution along the contours is carried out in the attic.

In a one-story private house, it will not be very difficult to connect the battery correctly, given the length of the heating circuit. If this is a Leningrad one-pipe scheme, then only a lower connection is possible. If the two-pipe scheme, then you can use a collector system or solar. Both options are based on the principle of connecting one radiator to two circuits - coolant supply and return. In this case, the upper piping is most often used, where the distribution along the contours is carried out in the attic.

By the way, this option is considered optimal both in terms of operation and during the repair process. Each circuit can be disconnected from the system without turning off the latter. To do this, a shut-off valve is installed at the point of pipe separation. Exactly the same is mounted after the radiator on the return pipe. One has only to close both valves to cut off the circuit. After draining the coolant, you can safely do repairs. In this case, all other circuits will work normally.

What are radiators

The following types of batteries are most common in our time:

Cast iron radiators

Good old cast iron radiators are known for their reliability. Although now they are being installed less and less, but more recently they were in every apartment. The most significant drawback is the huge weight.They are extremely durable (batteries installed back in Soviet times are still working properly in some apartments), they are not afraid of high pressure and poor quality of the coolant, they give off heat perfectly.

Aluminum radiators

Aluminum - modern models. These analogues are light in weight and stylish in appearance. The coolant in these batteries passes directly through the body, so a high-quality liquid is important, otherwise the radiators will quickly become unusable. Aluminum models are cheap, but not popular because of their pickiness to the coolant.

Bimetal radiators

Such models are similar to cast iron, but they are more modern, lighter and have better (compared to cast iron) heat dissipation. Batteries consist of a steel core and an aluminum case, which eliminates the disadvantage of aluminum counterparts. The advantages of this model make it the most popular today.

Steel Batteries

The service life of such models reaches 25 years, they are relatively light, they give off heat well. Batteries of this type are best suited for small private houses.

The choice of the type of batteries is always difficult. We recommend taking either cast iron ones, if there is someone to help with their installation, or bimetallic ones, they are light and you can install them yourself.

One-pipe scheme (apartment option)

Such a connection scheme is very common in apartment buildings (from 9 floors and above).

One pipe (riser) descends from the technical floor, passes through all floors and enters the basement, where it enters the return pipe.In such a connection system, it will be warm in the upper apartments, because, having passed all the floors and giving off heat to the bottom, the water in the pipe will cool down.

And if there is no technical floor (5-storey buildings and below), then such a system is “ringed”. One pipe (riser), rises from the basement, passes through all the floors, goes through the apartment of the last floor to the next room and goes down, also through all the floors to the basement. In this case, it is not known who was lucky. On the first floor in one room, it can be warm, where the pipe rises, and in the next room it is cold, where the same pipe descends, giving off heat to all apartments.

What is a two-pipe heating system

The design consists of a boiler, radiators, valves and two pipelines. The first is needed to supply the coolant to the radiators, the second - to drain the cooled water and transport it to the heating boiler. The cycle is closed, constant, the connection of radiators can be in series, but it is better to do it in parallel, in which a coolant of the desired temperature level is supplied to each battery.

Advantages and disadvantages of the system

Advantages of a two-circuit heating scheme:

• the same temperature regime of the coolant for each radiator;
• the ability to adjust the intensity of heating in any battery by installing a thermostat;
• the possibility of replacing one radiator without reducing the operation of the entire heating system;
• double-circuit option allows you to heat rooms with an area of ​​​​150 m2

The disadvantages include increased consumption of materials - you will have to buy twice as many pipes, fittings, fasteners than when forming a single-pipe system. Difficulties may also arise in the formation of contours.

Assembly and Installation Recommendations

Ease of operation of radiators largely depends on the correct installation. Consider the main aspects of the installation of these products.

When choosing a place to install the structure, make sure that the necessary space remains between the structure, the floor and the wall (7-10 cm). In addition, free space around the battery will ensure proper air circulation in the room. But there should also be free access to the connection points of the battery with the bottom connection.

Particular attention should be paid to the correct distribution of the heat flow of the product so that the entire room is heated, and not the space above it.

The location of the fastening points also depends on the choice of installation location. Starting the installation, the battery, regardless of its type, is left in the packaging from the manufacturer. This will minimize the possibility of scratching the device. Subsequently, the film can be easily removed without leaving marks.

After the installation site is selected, they begin to develop a connection diagram. Many are not serious about this stage of installation. However, an improperly designed circuit can adversely affect battery power.

There are only two types of piping: single-pipe and two-pipe. Bottom connection is possible in both cases. The main task is to choose such a way that the heating of the temperature in the room is optimal for living.

The heat carrier with the lower connection is completed with a thermostat, due to which the heating level of the temperature in the room is adjusted. It is worth noting that this is not a cheap device - the cost of the battery will increase by about 10%.

One of the important steps in connecting the radiator is the connection of the structure with the supply and outlet pipes.It is better to mark the supply and discharge pipes - in the future this will facilitate the repair of the structure.

With a lower connection, heat transfer in itself is considered ineffective. Therefore, an incorrect connection can lead to a decrease in the productivity of the device.

Connection steps:

• the radiator is installed on a stand, aligned and the fixing points are determined according to the number of sections;
• usually radiators come with brackets, so the next step is to install the bracket into the prepared holes;
• after installing the device, the upper outlets are closed with a Mayevsky tap and a shut-off cap, while for a more airtight joint, sanitary flax is used, winding it clockwise for the right thread, in the opposite direction - for the left;
• screw ball valves and bring pipes.

Connection methods

You can connect radiators to pipes in different ways, depending on the installation location and the laying of pipes in the room and, of course, the heating scheme:

When the connection method is selected (see diagram), you must:

1. Wipe all joints and pipes with sandpaper and degrease them.
2. Attach the radiator. This can be temporary fixing or installation, depending on the complexity of the location of the pipes of the heating system according to your scheme.
3. We screw in the adapters, which, by turning, can be adjusted to the direction of the pipes to which the elements are connected. If, for example, they are located on the floor, then the adapter is screwed down with a thread, if the pipes go deep into the room, then the direction of the adapter changes. So the main thing is to look carefully at the layout of a single-pipe heating system.
4. Pipe adapters, preferably made of domestically produced polypropylene, as experts advise, are attached to the main pipe with a soldering iron.
5. We install the valve from above and the plug from below, as shown in the diagram, or vice versa.

Connecting heating batteries in a private house

The main function of any heating system is to heat the room. Each element of such a system, from the boiler to the batteries in the farthest room, must be connected and located in such a way that their heat transfer level is close to the maximum. In the system for connecting radiators, it is necessary to take into account such features of each room as the location of pipes, their length, as well as the total number of heating devices.

Photo 1 Examples of connecting radiators

How to choose the right place

Heating in the house works simultaneously in two directions:

• heating the room,
• Blocking the movement of cold air.

That is why connecting heating radiators in a private house is a rather complicated process, the comfort in the room will depend on the correctness of which.

Most often, batteries are placed under the windowsill, for this it is necessary to maintain a certain distance:

• Between the wall and the battery - from three to five centimeters.
• Between the floor and the radiator - at least 10 centimeters.

In addition, the battery should not be placed completely under the window sill - if it is too wide, the heater should be pushed forward using special fasteners for this.

In case the heat is very strong, it is recommended to install a screen that distributes warm air.

In cottages or houses, batteries are most often placed in two versions - this is a single-pipe and two-pipe connection method. It is worth considering each of them in more detail in order to choose the most optimal for yourself.

Single pipe scheme

Photo 2 One-pipe connection diagram

Methods for connecting heating radiators in a private house include the simplest one - this is a one-pipe method, according to which all batteries are connected to each other in series using one pipe. It goes from the heating boiler to the first radiator, then to the second, third and so on. There is another option for such a connection - a solid pipe, to which radiators are connected using risers and a return pipe (return). In the first version of the scheme, one of the radiators cannot be blocked without stopping the heat supply to the others. The advantage of the method is the saving of materials, the minus is the big difference in heating the first radiator from the boiler and the radiator in the farthest room.

Two-pipe scheme

Photo 3 Two-pipe connection diagram

The way to connect heating radiators in a private house according to this scheme is somewhat more complicated. The system consists of several heating batteries, which are interconnected in a parallel way. In this case, the supply of hot water is carried out through one pipe, and the return - through the other. This method is most suitable for heating a private house or cottage, since the degree of heating in this case is almost identical in all rooms, it can be adjusted using a convenient thermostat.

Photo 4 Diagonal battery connection diagram

When placing radiators, one should take into account how the heating system was designed, in particular, if the movement of the coolant is provided by the pump, in this case there are much fewer problems, but there is a dependence on energy carriers.

Natural circulation is much more common, that is, a hot coolant, most often it is water, rising up, pushing out the cold one with its mass. In this case, the heating system does not depend on energy carriers, but it is only necessary for specialists to design such a scheme, who will study the total length of the pipes, the specifics, the number of heating elements, as well as the number of sections in the radiators.

In a word, if the goal is to provide high-quality heating at home, it is necessary to take into account all the features of a particular object, and entrust the process to professionals.

Possible connection schemes

The most efficient battery connection is fairly easy to accomplish, both in terms of number of nodes and in terms of mounting technology.

Heating radiator deviceTwo-pipe heating system

Option number 1. Tichelman scheme

The most popular connection scheme, its main advantage is the maximum efficiency of all heating radiators at any point in the system. In addition, the Tichelmann circuit allows you to regulate a separate radiator without any effect on the rest of the system. So, if it is very hot in one of the rooms, then the battery there can be completely / partially disconnected from the hot coolant. And the thermal energy that is released as a result will be evenly distributed over the rest of the radiators.

Tichelman's schemeAlbert Tichelman's solution

Also, the advantages of the scheme include the fact that the water in both pipes has a common direction of movement. In terms of hydraulics, this is very good, since the load on all components of the system (in particular, on the pump and heating boiler) drops noticeably.

Hot water begins to move from the boiler, moving in turn through all the radiators. The "return" movement also starts from the first battery. It turns out that battery No. 1 will be the last on the “return” path, but the first on the supply of hot coolant. Water will flow to battery No. 2 at a slightly lower temperature, however, this node is already closer to the first one to the boiler on the “return” circuit.

Water flow process

The situation is similar with each subsequent radiator: the farther it is from the source of hot coolant, the smaller the distance to the cold water outlet point. As a result, the conditions for all batteries are approximately equal (in terms of heat exchange with the system), they all warm up the same way, regardless of their location.

For wiring, pipes with a diameter of 25 mm are used, while the batteries are connected to the network using pipes of 20 mm.

Radiator in the middle won't work

The Tichelman scheme has only one minus - radiators cannot be placed exactly in the middle of the system (they simply will not heat in this place). This is due to the hydraulic effect that occurs in the middle - here the outflow of cold and the supply of hot fluid form equal pressure. In reality, this almost never occurs, the problem is solved by slightly moving the battery to the right or left. Although there is an easier option - to create a small coil on one of the circuits in order to increase its length and thereby shift the heating battery from the middle.

Dead-end and associated home heating schemes

Option number 2. Connection via two double manifolds

This scheme differs from the previous one in that the battery, which is the first to the heating boiler at the supply, is also the first on the “return” path. This first battery operates at its maximum efficiency, while the remaining nodes lose efficiency as they move further away in the system.

Connection via two double manifolds

The use of two collectors makes it possible to minimize this effect, since two contours are created. Due to this, the number of radiators in one circuit is reduced, and the thermal energy is distributed more or less evenly.

Two circuits

In this scheme, each subsequent radiator heats up worse, as we have already mentioned above, but this effect can be partially eliminated by means of balancing valves. If this valve is screwed a little at the supply to the first radiator, then a better flow of coolant will be provided to the remaining nodes, more remote. We also note that it is necessary to adjust the valves in any case, since in reality the length of the circuits that are created by the manifolds is always somewhat different. Consequently, the batteries will not have the same amount of heat, and therefore they need to be balanced in order to balance their efficiency.

Which scheme to choose?

From everything that we have said above, we can conclude that the Tichelman scheme is the simplest, most flexible and effective.The use of two double collectors can be an alternative - the efficiency of liquid distribution in such a scheme is quite high, but there are some difficulties during installation; in addition, further adjustment will be required.

Diagram of the Tichelman loop

About special radiators designed for the lower connection scheme

As noted earlier, special batteries with a lower connection are sold today. Their design is such that optimal heat transfer is ensured. Radiators consist of a pair of steel plates connected to each other by welding, which forms technological channels for the movement of the working fluid. The plates are varnished in two layers for high-quality protection against corrosion.

Bimetal radiators Titanium (Marek) 500/96 with bottom connection

To connect the radiator with your own hands, you need to prepare:

• L- or T-shaped tubes;
• building level;
• multiflex nodes;
• FUM tape;
• thermal insulation;
• pipe cutter;
• nuts as required.

It is desirable that the lower connection of the batteries be made even in the early stages of repairing an apartment / house, because in this case the pipes are laid inside the floor (or wall). Keep this in mind when planning your concrete floor screed.

It is better to connect the radiator in the early stages of repair

If pipes for one reason or another cannot be laid into the floor, then in the future they can be closed with a plinth or plasterboard box.

Plinth for radiator pipes

Connection options for heating radiators

There are typical options for the placement of heating devices.

How many times, in practice, had to redo such heating.In this case, you will need a special device that stimulates the movement of water or antifreeze through the pipes.

Longer installation time compared to a single-pipe type of wiring. Conclusion - I tried to cover in detail the topic of all existing radiator connection schemes. Lateral This option is the simplest and most common, since most radiator models have exactly the lateral outlet of the pipes.

The diagonal circuit works effectively when connecting long batteries, with a total of 12 or more sections. Therefore, when choosing the power of radiators, select it so that the width of the entire heating battery is not less than the specified value. For eighteen years of work as an installer, I came to the conclusion that see such a scheme. In addition to the lower connection, there are wall-mounted radiators with an upper connection.

See also: Registration of an electrical laboratory with Rostekhnadzor

Photo 2. In multi-storey buildings, a vertical single-pipe heating system is used.

Should earn. This is a consequence of the series connection of heating radiators. Not amenable to adjustment.

Therefore, if you use such a system, then use it in very small rooms. That is for autonomous heating of a house, a summer residence, a cottage, etc. There are only two branch pipes - inlet and outlet. Long batteries warm up worse because the working fluid has to travel a long way in one direction. If the calculation is correct, and the system has a certain power reserve, then connect the radiators in the way that is more convenient for you.

Disadvantages: Higher installation cost. In this case, it is not known who was lucky. It is necessary to clean the tap or replace a piece of pipe - depending on the situation.
Heating scheme Connection of batteries and heating radiators One-pipe two-pipe heating system