Heating scheme from a gas boiler in a two-story house: an overview and comparison of the best heating schemes

Air is a more economical alternative to water

The obvious advantage of a two-story house heating scheme using ordinary air is efficiency. It is believed that such a system is not very versatile, since when the air supply is cut off, the building will quickly cool down. But what happens if the water suddenly turns off? That's it. There is always a risk of breakage. Systems that work forever, unfortunately, do not exist.

There are two types of air-based heating - forced and gravity ventilation.If you choose the latter, the air will move due to natural circulation, which occurs due to the temperature difference in the passage areas. The disadvantage lies in the following - due to the penetration of cold into the premises through windows, doors and other elements of the structure, the air flow is disturbed. The result - the upper part of the rooms heats up, the lower one, on the contrary, cools.

With forced ventilation, things are somewhat different. Air circulates reliably thanks to fans. Through some openings, it enters the premises, then to be blown out through others. There are also disadvantages. For example, equipment often creates noise that interferes with concentration or sleep.

Features of heating a two-story house

The biggest feature of the heating system in a two-story house is the rise of the coolant to a certain height. But in all other respects, this is a common scheme in which there is a heating boiler, radiators, a pipe system, valves, an expansion tank and control and management devices. If you choose all the components of the system correctly, then the heating will work like a Swiss watch

And it doesn’t matter what fuel the equipment operates on - it all depends on the correct configuration.

Basic heating schemes

According to the design features, the heating system of a two-story house can be divided into several types:

• One- and two-pipe.
• With top or bottom wiring.
• With horizontal or vertical arrangement of risers.
• With natural or forced circulation of the coolant.
• With main or dead-end movement of the coolant.

Connecting the system to the boiler

As you can see, there are many options, but among them there is one that combines all types and is optimal.This circuit with forced circulation

It does not matter which form you choose for your own home. By installing a circulation pump in the system, you solve all problems at once. Therefore, many suburban developers are trying to get by with small forces and choose a low-cost piping option, thereby saving on the purchase of pipes and valves, as well as on installation work.

Therefore, many suburban developers are trying to get by with small forces and choose a low-cost piping option, thereby saving on the purchase of pipes and valves, as well as on installation work.

Why forced circulation avoids any problems? The fact is that the circulation pump creates a slight pressure inside the pipe system, which helps to distribute the coolant evenly. Hot water moves at a speed higher than that of natural circulation, but at the same time this speed allows you to effectively heat the water in the heating boiler. With such a system, it becomes possible to achieve an effective separation of the coolant across all radiators.

Choosing a heating scheme

Of the various piping schemes, a single-pipe system in two-story houses is rarely used. The reason is the inconvenience of regulating the heat transfer of a separate heating device. Yes, and when carrying out repairs, you have to turn off the entire system completely and drain the coolant, which leads to a rapid cooling of the house. That is why experts prefer a two-pipe scheme.

The latter is universal and practical in all respects. After all, the design of the pipe scheme involves connecting each radiator to two separate lines - to the supply and return.And if you install a control valve or valve, then you can adjust each device to increase or decrease the temperature. This has recently become an important factor influencing the savings in energy consumption. For example, at night there is no need to heat some rooms. It is possible to reduce the coolant supply gap in them on the radiators, and the heat consumption will immediately decrease, which will reduce the fuel supply to the burner of the heating boiler.

Connecting pipes to the boiler

But of all the presented piping schemes, the collector one is considered optimal. Why? There are several positions that speak about the effectiveness of this scheme:

Firstly, one vertical riser departs from the heating boiler, which can be located on the ground floor or in the basement. The crown of the riser is the collector itself and the expansion tank. If we talk about the collector, then this is a pipe assembly that distributes the coolant over the heating batteries. At the same time, hot water with the same temperature enters each device.
Secondly, control valves are installed in the manifold. Not on the radiators, but on the outlet pipes of the collector. So the node is not only distributive, but also regulating. There is no need to run around the rooms and regulate the coolant supply for each radiator - everything is arranged in one place, which is very convenient.
Thirdly, with a collector system it is possible to carry out hidden piping. The collector assembly itself and the expansion tank can be placed in the attic and lower the contours from there, hiding them in the walls. This allows you to improve interior design, which attracts consumers.

But pay attention to the fact that the attic is heated.If this condition is not met, then a number of measures will have to be taken to insulate the equipment.

Heating wiring diagrams

In two-story houses, the following heating distribution schemes are used: one-pipe, two-pipe, and also a collector. With a single pipe, it is quite difficult to regulate the temperature in the building. This is due to the fact that there is no way to shut off one of the radiators when all other heaters are working. Therefore, when hot water passes from one battery to another, it cools more and more.

Since each heating unit has two pipes, hot water flows through one, and already cooled down through the other. This system also differs from a single-pipe system in that it has a different procedure for connecting heating devices. Experts recommend installing an adjusting tank in front of each radiator.

Scheme of a two-pipe heating system

In order for a two-story house to have normal circulation, there is enough distance between the center of the boiler and the upper point of the supply line, while you can put the expansion tank on the top floor, and not in the attic. And the supply pipe is laid under the ceiling or under the window sills.

Therefore, it is recommended to install an additional bypass together with the circulation pump, which will significantly save time when starting a system such as a heating scheme for a two-story country house, and at the same time heat will be more evenly distributed in the building.

Heating scheme with bypass and pump

In addition to installing radiators, in a two-story house using a boiler, along with a built-in circulation pump, you can also install a “warm floor” system, connect a heated towel rail simultaneously on two floors. Experts advise connecting the risers of the second floor near the boiler itself.

When performing installation, it is best to use a beam and collector system, it is most convenient, you can adjust the temperature in all rooms. For all heating devices, two pipes are carried out: direct and return

Collectors are placed on each floor, it is very important that they be in a cabinet specially designated for this, in which all the shut-off valves are located

Combined heating system: radiators and underfloor heating

Collector systems

This is a universal heating scheme for a two-story house, a video on the device of which can be viewed below. Such systems make it possible to carry out heating of a two-story cottage with hidden conductive pipes. Installation is very easy, so even a person without special skills can do it.

Scheme of collector heating of a two-story house

Water heating can be carried out both on one floor, and on all at once, but it is recommended to place the boiler only on the first floor, and an expansion tank can be placed on the second. It is recommended to lay pipes with hot water under the ceiling or under the windowsill, that is, in the most vulnerable places for cold air. Be sure to install a separate control valve for each radiator.
When choosing a heating plan for a two-story house, it is very important to make the right decision, it depends on how comfortable you will be in cold weather, how long the entire heating scheme of a two-story house will last, how often you will need to repair or change pipes and much more. With the wrong choice, if you want to save money, now it may happen that you have to constantly repair something, change, hire workers, which means spending money, so there is no question of any savings in this case.

It is better to install high-quality pipes, radiators and more at the very beginning, even if it costs more and more now, but it will last longer and still come out cheaper in the future. A properly installed scheme of the heating system of a two-story house made of high-quality sustainable materials will last for several generations.

3 Two-pipe circuit

A two-pipe heating system can create truly comfortable conditions. For manufacturing, a larger number of pipes and other additional materials will be required, but the implementation of efficient and high-quality heating of a private house is much more important.

Outwardly, the circuit looks like two pipes - for supply and return, located in parallel. The batteries are connected by branch pipes to both one and the other. Heated water enters each radiator, then the cooled water leaves it directly into the return line. Hot coolant and cold coolant go through different pipelines. With such a heating scheme, the heating temperature of the radiators is approximately the same.

Passing through pipes and radiators, the water flow takes an “easier” path.If a branch occurs, where one section has a greater hydrodynamic resistance than the other, then the coolant will enter the second one, which has less resistance. Consequently, it will be difficult to immediately predict which area will be heated more and which will be weaker.

To regulate the flow of water through heating installations, it is necessary that a balancing throttle be installed on each of them. With this device, homeowners can control the flow of heat and adjust the heating in a two-circuit system. All radiators must be equipped with special Mayevsky taps to eliminate air. The universal scheme can be supplemented with any heat exchange devices: radiators, underfloor heating, convectors. They will allow you to properly make heating in a two-story house.

The efficiency of a two-pipe system can be increased by collector or beam wiring. Such a scheme is called combined. There is a dead-end type of two-pipe system, when the supply and return lines of the circuit end at the last heat exchanger. In fact, the water flow changes direction, returning to the boiler. The use of a separate associated heating circuit for each floor will facilitate the configuration of the circuit and ensure optimal heating of the entire house. But to increase the effect, it is necessary to make a balancing valve insert for each floor.

Expansion tank for closed heating system

The expansion tank for is designed to compensate for changes in the volume of the coolant depending on temperature. In closed heating systems, this is a sealed container, divided by an elastic membrane into two parts.In the upper part there is air or an inert gas (in expensive models). While the coolant temperature is low, the tank remains empty, the membrane is straightened (picture on the right in the figure).

The principle of operation of the membrane expansion tank

When heated, the coolant increases in volume, its excess rises into the tank, pushing the membrane and compressing the gas pumped into the upper part (in the picture on the left). On the pressure gauge, this is displayed as an increase in pressure and can serve as a signal to reduce the intensity of combustion. Some models have a safety valve that releases excess air/gas when a pressure threshold is reached.

As the coolant cools, the pressure in the upper part of the tank squeezes the coolant out of the tank into the system, the pressure gauge returns to normal. That's the whole principle of operation of the expansion tank of the membrane type. By the way, there are two types of membranes - dish-shaped and pear-shaped. The shape of the membrane does not affect the principle of operation.

Types of membranes for expansion tanks in closed systems

Volume calculation

According to generally accepted standards, the volume of the expansion tank should be 10%! O (MISSING) t of the total volume of the coolant. This means that you have to calculate how much water will fit in the pipes and radiators of your system (it is in the technical data of the radiators, but the volume of pipes can be calculated). 1/10 of this figure will be the volume of the required expansion tank. But this figure is valid only if the coolant is water. If an antifreeze fluid is used, the tank size is increased by 50%!o(MISSING)t of the calculated volume.

Here is an example of calculating the volume of a membrane tank for a closed heating system:

the volume of the heating system is 28 liters;
expansion tank size for a system filled with water 2.8 liters;
the size of the membrane tank for a system with antifreeze liquid is 2.8 + 0.5 * 2.8 = 4.2 liters.

When buying, choose the nearest larger volume. Do not take less - it is better to have a small supply.

What to look for when buying

The stores have red and blue tanks. Red tanks are suitable for heating. Blue ones are structurally the same, only they are designed for cold water and do not tolerate high temperatures.

What else to pay attention to? There are two types of tanks - with a replaceable membrane (they are also called flanged) and with an irreplaceable one. The second option is cheaper, and significantly, but if the membrane is damaged, you will have to buy the whole thing

In flanged models, only the membrane is bought.

Place for installation of expansion tank of membrane type

Usually they put an expansion tank on the return pipe in front of the circulation pump (when viewed in the direction of the coolant). A tee is installed in the pipeline, a small piece of pipe is connected to one of its parts, and an expander is connected to it, through fittings. It is better to place it at some distance from the pump so that pressure drops are not created. An important point is that the piping section of the membrane tank must be straight.

Scheme of installation of an expansion tank for membrane type heating

After the tee put a ball valve. It is necessary to be able to remove the tank without draining the heat carrier. It is more convenient to connect the container itself with the help of an American (flare nut).This again facilitates assembly/dismantling.

Empty device weighs not so much, but filled with water has a solid mass. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method of fixing on the wall or additional supports.

Expansion heating tank can be hung on a bracket

Make a base

Tank with legs can be installed on the floor

Zoning

Designers are not advised to succumb to fashion trends and copy design ideas without taking into account dimensions, location and other nuances. Before planning and arranging furniture, every detail is thought through.
There are a few simple rules that the master advises to follow:

• Let the room have natural light. To do this, demolish extra walls (except load-bearing).
• If the rooms in the apartment are small (12 sq m or 16 sq m), the layout of the kitchen combined with the dining room will be the right decision.
• If the ventilation system is planned incorrectly, the smell of food will spread in the apartment.

Furniture items

A few examples of furnishing a kitchen combined with a living room:

1. 1. Sofa. It becomes an object that zones the space. The sofa is placed with its back to the place where food is prepared. In small rooms (less than 20 sq m) they put a corner, which is located against a wall installed perpendicular or parallel to the kitchen.
2. 2. Headset. According to the designers, minimalist models without elaborate details look modern. The service, vases or glasses are placed on an open shelf. You can buy a fashion showcase for them. Furniture is placed near the wall. If the space is large (20 sq m, 25 sq m or 30 sq m), then in the central part you can install an island, which also has departments for kitchen appliances.
3. 3. A set of furniture.Style should be combined with the design of both rooms. In small rooms, a compact table and chairs made of transparent material or painted in light colors look good. In the interior of the living room, you can put a table with a round top. In spacious rooms, the kit is installed near the wall or in the central part. An elongated rectangular dining table will look good here.

Distribution systems for two-story houses

For heating two-story houses, one-, two-pipe and collector wiring can be used. If you choose a project with a one-pipe system, then adjusting the temperature in the rooms will be a rather difficult task, since it is impossible to block one of the radiators while the rest of the devices are working. It implies the sequential circulation of the coolant from device to device.

As for the two-pipe, it is more versatile and ideal for heating a private two-story house. The implementation of such a system is simple - two pipes are connected to each device of the heating system - one of them is responsible for supplying hot water, and the second one comes out cooled. But unlike a single-pipe system, such a scheme differs in the order in which heating units are connected, and therefore, in order to increase its efficiency, experts recommend installing an adjusting tank in front of each radiator.

Regardless of the size of the house, for a 2-story building there will be enough distance between the top point of the supply line and the center to ensure normal water circulation.Thus, the installation of an expansion tank will be possible not only in the attic, but also on the top floor. And the pipes themselves can be mounted under window sills or ceilings.

In addition, a two-pipe system with a circulation pump also allows you to implement a "warm" floor system, as well as connect heated towel rails on each floor and other devices of this class. But about them a little later.

Open and closed heating systems

The operation of an open heating system is carried out in many apartment buildings. For this, a special expansion tank is used. During operation, the surplus falls into this container. There may be no tightness in the system, so the whole process is accompanied by the evaporation of vapors. The open version does not provide for a built-in pump. The installation design is quite simple and easy.

• uniform heating of the room;
• ease of operation;
• durable;
• the system can work even when the electricity is off;
• no need to install an additional pump;

Closed heating system completely sealed and does not emit vapors during operation. The movement of the water flow is carried out using a pump. There is no natural circulation in this system. If excess water begins to appear, the valve is activated and the liquid evaporates to lower the water level.

Advantages of the closed type:

• reliability and durability;
• the ability to adjust the level of pressure in the system;
• availability;
• resistant to low temperatures;
• the possibility of using additional heaters;

Options for a two-pipe system

The main difference between a two-pipe heating scheme for a private house is the connection of each battery to the mains of both direct and reverse current, which doubles the consumption of pipes. But the owner of the house has the opportunity to regulate the level of heat transfer of each individual heater. As a result, it is possible to provide a different temperature microclimate in the rooms.

When installing a vertical two-pipe heating system, the lower, as well as the upper, heating wiring diagram from the boiler is applicable. Now in more detail about each of them.

Vertical system with bottom wiring

Set it up like this:

• From the heating boiler, a supply main pipeline is launched along the floor of the lower floor of the house or through the basement.
• Further from the main pipe, risers are launched upwards, which ensure that the coolant enters the batteries.
• A return current pipe departs from each battery, which takes the cooled coolant back to the boiler.

When designing the lower wiring of an autonomous heating system, the need for constant removal of air from the pipeline is taken into account. This requirement is met by installing an air pipe, as well as installing an expansion tank, using Mayevsky taps on all radiators located on the top floor of the house.

Vertical system with top wiring

In this scheme, the coolant from the boiler is supplied to the attic through the main pipeline or under the very ceiling of the upper floor. Then the water (coolant) goes down through several risers, passes through all the batteries, and returns back to the heating boiler through the main pipeline.

An expansion tank is installed in this system to periodically remove air bubbles.This version of the heating device is much more effective than the previous method with lower piping, since higher pressure is created in the risers and in the radiators.

Horizontal heating system - three main types

The device of a horizontal two-pipe autonomous heating system with forced circulation is the most common option for heating a private house. In this case, one of three schemes is used:

• Dead end circuit (A). The advantage is the low consumption of pipes. The disadvantage lies in the large length of the circulation circuit of the radiator farthest from the boiler. This greatly complicates the adjustment of the system.
• Scheme with the associated advancement of water (B). Due to the equal length of all circulation circuits, it is easier to adjust the system. During implementation, a large number of pipes will be required, which increase the cost of work, and also spoil the interior of the house with their appearance.
• Scheme with a collector (beam) distribution (B). Since each radiator is connected separately to the central manifold, it is very easy to ensure uniform distribution of all rooms. In practice, the installation of heating according to this scheme is the most expensive due to the high consumption of materials. Pipes are hidden in a concrete screed, which at times increases the attractiveness of the interior. The beam (collector) scheme for distributing heating on the floor is becoming increasingly popular among individual developers.

This is how it looks like:

When choosing a typical wiring diagram, it is necessary to take into account many factors, ranging from the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house to the materials used in its construction. It is better to resolve such issues with specialists in order to eliminate the possibility of error.After all, we are talking about heating the house, the main condition for comfortable living in private housing.

Partitions

The interior of the kitchen and living room begin to think over from the docking of the two zones.

• Here are some of the ways and objects that delimit space:
• installation of a bar counter;
• kitchen island;
• big table;
• installation of a low partition.

Designers advise installing a wide rack, since it will be possible to sit at it like at a regular table, and high chairs are quite suitable for the whole family.
However, narrow racks are installed in small rooms (16 sq m). Kitchen islands are convenient to use, but are only suitable for large kitchen-dining rooms (25 sq m or 30 sq m). Capital low partitions are installed only if it is decided in advance what they will be used for (for example, as a TV stand).