Installation of CCTV cameras: types of cameras, choice + installation and connection with your own hands

How to choose a wireless camera: common specifications

Before you purchase such equipment, it is important to know what parameters you need to pay attention to so that the device ultimately fully meets your requirements.

Camera type

Consider which cameras are on sale today:

Street.You can choose mini or cabinet models, while you need to take into account the air temperature and the possibility of vandalism.

Home. In the premises, dome devices are used, as well as network IP cameras.

For covert surveillance. Miniature devices that can transmit black and white and color images.

Black and white. Monochrome models do not give up their positions, despite the emergence of new fixtures.

Colored. They have a high quality of the transmitted picture, but also a higher cost than the previous ones.

High resolution. They are used in places where safety requirements are the highest.

Swivel. The main advantage is a quick movement to the desired point with a detailed examination of the object.

Housing and mount

First of all, you need to determine the location of the camera - a lot depends on this. For the street, it is better to take a device with a heating system or a thermal casing. If the expected humidity is above average, a moisture-proof fixture is needed. In places with the possibility of destruction, it is worth installing equipment with an anti-vandal case.

The video camera is mounted on a bracket - they are divided according to the method of mounting into ceiling and wall; there are also brackets with street mount. If you plan to mount on a pole, you need to choose a bracket that provides this possibility.

Viewing angle and focus

These parameters indicate video surveillance areas and image quality. Equipment with a small viewing angle allows you to see everything in more detail. With a viewing angle of no more than 45 °, you can observe objects at a distance of 35 meters. For complete coverage of the room, it is better to choose a device with a viewing angle of 90 °.

Light sensitivity

The light sensitivity of the camera is very important when conducting round-the-clock video surveillance. This indicator indicates the minimum amount of light required for the full operation of the device.

The higher this value, the better the image will be at night. Despite the fact that almost all devices are equipped with IR illumination, you can optionally install an infrared illuminator.

Recording resolution and quality

The level of the transmitted image is determined by the resolution of the equipment. For a digital device, the resolution is specified in megapixels. The smallest indicator is identical to a picture of 1280 x 720 pixels. For the best representatives of such equipment, this figure reaches 12 megapixels.

Extra options

Additional devices are:

1. Microphones.
2. Speakers that can transmit signals from the person viewing the picture.
3. Stands for placing equipment on any surface.
4. Motion Sensor.

Wireless camera with microphone SM803

Installation and connection of the KVK-P cable

Now you need to lay the KVK-P cable to each video camera, or rather to the place where you planned to place them. It can be laid indoors both in a plastic channel, and simply on top of the walls.

On the street, if desired, it can be protected with corrugation, but not necessarily.

To protect the connection points of the cable from the recorder and the cable from the camera from snow and rain, mount the junction box on the wall and lead the wires into it.

Next, remove the top layer of insulation from the cable, by about 8-9 cm, and strip two power wires. Crimp them with NShV tips.

Insert these wires into the male power connector. There are two connectors "+" and "-".As we have already agreed before, the red wire will be the positive contact, the black wire will be the negative one.

After that, remove the insulation from the coaxial cable.

Carefully slide the outer copper braid back so that not a single hair has accidental contact with the core in the center. Otherwise, the picture quality will be poor, or it will not exist at all.

Expose the central core by 3-4mm and mount the BNC-F connector.

From above, isolate everything with a protective cap.

Next, mount the camera itself on the wall. Run the wires from it into the junction box, where you just installed the BNC-F connectors.

Connect the connectors in it to each other and close the lid tightly.

To prevent moisture from getting inside, it is necessary to use a box with sealed cable entries on the sides.

In the same way, all other video cameras on the walls of your house are connected. Each of them will have to pull a separate KVK-P cable.

What you need before installation

Experts advise before starting the procedure, nevertheless, to familiarize yourself with the main points and study information about the features of the cameras and additional necessary equipment. You can do the installation yourself, and it's very simple. You need to choose a computer that will allow you to manage a network of cameras. Then you will need to buy all the necessary additional equipment. It is necessary to think in detail what the system itself will consist of before proceeding directly with the installation.

Competent plan

Before installation, you should prepare in advance. You can install surveillance in any room. Each system requires a preliminary plan for further action.If the system will later be used as a home system, you can use a computer instead of a server. First you need to select the area for the installation of the system. It is imperative to cover all problem areas so that in the future it will be possible to receive complete information regarding the observation. To improve the effectiveness of video surveillance in the most critical areas of the territory, several shooting devices should be placed to be able to shoot video from different angles

As a rule, special attention is usually paid to the entrance and exit from the territory. Surveillance camera data is displayed on the screen of a separate monitor, which is usually monitored by a security guard

Main components

To successfully install the system, you need to buy a kit with already selected equipment. Experts say that the camera has a great influence on the level of further operation of the entire video surveillance system and is a key element. The video camera consists of the following elements:

1. DVR.
2. Cables.
3. Server.
4. Data store.
5. Food.
6. Software.

How to connect to a computer

The computer monitor can be connected directly to the DVR according to the diagram below. If a video capture card is used as a data archiver, then it is connected to the PC motherboard via a PCI connector.

Next, the software is installed on the PC that comes with the registration device. When the whole system is fully connected and the software is installed, proceed to setting the viewing angle of the cameras.This requires two people: one person is directly next to the video device to make adjustments, and the other coordinates its actions based on the information displayed by the monitor.

Do-it-yourself video surveillance installation: basic rules

When installing video surveillance, do not forget about some important aspects:

1. When designing systems, eliminate the possibility of interference. Signal transmission lines should be kept away from high voltage lines.
2. Don't skimp on consumables.
3. If a cable longer than 100 m is used, a line amplifier and lightning protection are required. By the way, it is better to place it in a special box that protects from the negative influence of the external environment.
4. Do not forget to ground the line, which is located in the metal sleeve, and the protective casing of the video camera.
5. Video equipment must be protected from power surges, as well as from mechanical damage.
6. It is necessary to exclude the possibility of blocking the shooting device with any other objects.
7. The server and the video recorder must be located in a room inaccessible to prying eyes.

Please note that the camcorder should not be placed in front of strong light sources, as this may cause it to malfunction. Take care of additional illumination of the area at night if the surveillance is carried out outside the premises, or the presence of IR illumination in the device. BUT

Self-installation of a video camera is a simple process, although it takes more time than the work of professionals.By installing, connecting and configuring the security system with your own hands, you fully control what is happening, fully study all the features of the equipment and in the future you will be able to more quickly identify and fix the problem that has arisen. This does not require significant financial costs, only the desire and availability of free time. Carefully follow the instructions, which, as a rule, are attached to the shooting device, and everything will work out.

Examples of ready-made video surveillance kits for apartments

Of the budget ready-made kits, iVS-ECO 1 can be noted (price - about 80 dollars), which includes a TESLA P-1000 A power supply, a 4-channel DIVISION video recorder and a twenty-meter coaxial cable. The analog camera is selected on an individual basis.

The overall quality of the system is up to 700 TV lines, which is considered very good in this segment. You will also have to separately select a hard drive, depending on which archive you plan to save. The recording takes place without delay.

If you are willing to pay $200 for a system, then you should pay attention to the Atis KIT CVR-504 kit. It includes: two cylindrical and two dome HD cameras with infrared illumination, HD-CVI video recorder, power supply, hard drive with the ability to archive up to 4 TB of information

In this system, online viewing is possible, and access from mobile devices is also provided.

You should not resist the achievements of technological progress when it comes to the safety of loved ones or home. Sometimes a video surveillance system is not a whim or a toy, but a vital necessity due to the high pace of life and objective circumstances.

Wired or wireless

Wireless cameras are much more expensive than wired cameras, but they eliminate the need to lay a lot of wires, and they don’t spoil the overall look of the interior. However, both systems have their pros and cons. Let's try to figure it out.

When you set up a wireless camera, there are only two things you think about: the proximity of the power supply and the settings. And this is a definite plus.

But then the question of image quality arises, and here the first minus becomes obvious. It leaves much to be desired, especially if the camera is not expensive. That is, you will most likely understand the essence of what is happening on the screen, but it will be difficult to make out the faces. If this is not a fundamental issue, then everything is in order.

The next minus is related to the frequency at which the cameras operate without wires. The 2.4 GHz band is the most popular in home use, microwaves, smartphones, various adapters, etc. work here. Overloading in the frequency range can cause a complete loss of signal from the camera, and, accordingly, information.

Power sources are also a moot point. It is one thing to put the camera where there will be a good view, and quite another if you have to put it only where an outlet is provided. So far, the option with autonomous battery power does not stand up to criticism, since there are no such small units that can power the camera for at least a day.Now let's talk about wired cameras. A definite plus is the continuous flow of information. Nothing interferes with the recording, no matter what devices are working nearby at the current moment. One cable both provides power to the camera and transmits video.It is wired cameras that have microphones and zoom, can rotate and cover a large area. It is very difficult to interrupt the operation of such a device, except to interrupt the cable itself.

Difficulty in installation (the need to ditch the walls and lay the cable) is the main disadvantage of this video surveillance system. Therefore, it is worth weighing all the arguments and deciding what exactly the camera is for. And make your choice in favor of one or another option.

Selecting a camera mounting location

Before proceeding with the installation of an IP camera, you need to decide on the place where it will be fixed. This will directly affect that part of the space that will fall into the viewing area of ​​the video camera. As a rule, the owner of the tracking system specifies these details in the terms of reference for installation.

Depending on the functions that the devices will perform, the installation locations can be divided into two options:

• mounting location for a general view. So it will be possible to fix the very fact of the action that took place without detailed details. For example, it will become clear that a person entered the territory without authorization, but it will not be clear who this person is. With this method of placement, it is best to install the cameras at a distance of no more than fifty meters from each other.
• installation location for detailed view. So it will be possible to find out the identity of a person online or after analyzing the recorded archive. With this arrangement, the optimal distance between the cameras is no more than ten meters.

There are several parameters that additionally influence the choice of installation location.These are conditions such as:

a) IP camera viewing angle. Most often, lenses with a focal length of 3.6 mm are equipped with an angle of 92 degrees. In this case, the larger the focal length, the smaller the viewing angle;

b) outdoor lighting. Light bulbs, lanterns, spotlights, as well as the sun's rays falling into the lens, will inevitably reduce the quality of the captured image.

Choice of mounting locations

The first difficulty may arise already when choosing a place to install a video surveillance camera. Here you need to follow a few recommendations.

Firstly, the camera mount should ideally fit the future mounting location (ceiling mount is better not to use on the wall, the situation is similar with the wall bracket, it will not be possible to mount it on the ceiling).

Secondly, the camera should cover the room as much as possible. It would be foolish if video surveillance is carried out for half of the room or even for a small part of it, while the camera can be installed more efficiently.

Thirdly, the camera should not be accessible by third parties, so that intruders cannot simply remove it.

In addition, the choice of mounting location depends on the design of the camera itself. Classic video cameras are best placed in the corners of the room, where you can get the best view. While devices with a wide-angle lens (from 270 to 360 degrees) will show themselves much better in the center of the room.

Not the least important in choosing a location is the presence of an electrical outlet nearby to connect the surveillance device to a power source. If most digital cameras (IP cameras) can receive voltage directly over twisted pair, thanks to PoE technology, then this trick will not work with analog devices.In the vast majority of cases, they need a classic electrical outlet.

Equipment selection

There are many options for outdoor surveillance cameras. And it is not always possible to choose them based on reviews. Or rather, reviews are important, but you can’t follow them thoughtlessly. Each situation is special in some way, and those systems that have shown themselves well somewhere may not be suitable in other cases (and vice versa). HD resolution is often mentioned in manufacturer's promotional materials.

However, advertising is silent, of course, that high resolution creates a significant load on communication channels. And the capacity of storage media is also increasing. All this complicates and increases the cost of the system, significantly complicating its installation. Therefore, you need to carefully consider whether you really need a high resolution or not. Sometimes it is better to consult with professionals.

Contrary to popular belief, by the way, Chinese camcorders can work very well. The main thing is that they are made at a reputable enterprise that provides high quality products. There is no need to overpay for the purchase of Japanese or European products. Moreover, many of them are also made in China.

IP digital cameras are almost ideal for large enterprises and organizations. But in a private home, you can limit yourself to a cheaper analog system

You also need to pay attention:

• to the covered area;

• viewing radius;

• available interfaces;

• management options and additional functions.

What to look for when choosing: main characteristics

Choosing an IP camera is necessary, based on the following characteristics:

1. Resolution: This criterion determines the quality of the image recorded and transmitted by the surveillance camera. The higher the resolution, the more detailed the picture will be. The units of measurement in this case are TVL (television lines). However, they only measure horizontal resolution, since the vertical resolution is fixed for each device.
2. Matrix format: the length of the matrix diagonal determines the angle of view, i.e. what area the video surveillance device will see at a certain distance, but it is not responsible for the image quality. Often use devices with the following formats: 1/2″, 1/3″, 1/4″. The size of the camera directly depends on the size of the matrix.
3. Sensitivity: This value determines the lowest light level at which the recording will be made. It is measured in lux, for example, the sensitivity of black and white cameras is 0.4-0.01 lux, color - 0.2-3 lux.
4. Digital signal processing: a feature that significantly expands the functions of the video camera, allows you to use a motion detector, switch daytime to night mode, black and white to color, and shift surveillance areas.
5. Privacy Mask: Provides the ability to hide certain areas of the frame to ensure privacy.
6. The presence of a memory card and the ability to record audio.

Camera selection according to the required parameters

Camera angle

Next, you need to decide on the viewing angle of each video camera. If the angle is large, then the number of objects that fall into the field of view will also be considerable.With the only caveat: small details will either be poorly visible, or not visible at all. Accordingly, if the viewing angle is small, then small details will be clearly visible, but the observed area as a whole will not be seen so well. Everything, of course, depends on the goals that you pursue by installing such equipment.

Now let's talk a little about the cables that we need when installing a video surveillance system.

How to independently install and connect in the apartment

To install a mini camcorder, you will need: camera, power supply and cables. Next, to connect an analog camera, examine its connectors. There are three of them: one for power and two RCAs (the so-called tulips). The one for food is colored red. RCAs come in both yellow and white. Yellow is for video and white is for audio. When connecting the camera to the TV, we combine the video output from the camera with the video output of the TV and the audio output from the camera with the audio output of the TV. Thus, when the camera is connected, its red wire will be at a positive potential, the black wire will be negative, and the video signal will be transmitted through yellow. To connect the camcorder to a computer, a USB adapter is required. This is the easiest way to connect.

Advantages

IP cameras boast a number of advantages that other devices used for the same purpose do not have.

Among the advantages of this type of surveillance cameras:

• easy to install and configure, which allows you to do it yourself without spending extra money on installation;
• provide the ability to monitor an object at any distance from it if there is a connection to the Network;
• can be used both indoors and outdoors;
• image quality in IP video surveillance is much higher than the image quality in analog video surveillance;
• a wide variety of models, which allows you to choose the ideal option for certain operating conditions;
• low price.

Wired or wireless

To figure out which systems are better, wired or wireless, consider the characteristics of both.

So, wired kits and their advantages:

• a wide range of choices on the market;
• uninterrupted operation provided by the power grid;
• good video and audio quality;
• work is not interfered by nearby mobile devices.

Disadvantages of wired video surveillance:

• wires limit the distance between the cameras;
• external aesthetics.

Consider the characteristics of wireless kits. The operation of this system depends on access to the Internet. Cameras with Wi-Fi support broadcast data to a cloud server, the only condition for their operation is a router with a good range.

Advantages of wireless video surveillance:

• the ability to move components as needed;
• remote monitoring of work from any mobile device;
• ease of installation;
• lack of wires;
• the ability to get a high-quality picture;
• The devices are weatherproof and can be used for outdoor surveillance.

Video: power supplies for CCTV cameras

• interference in the image can be created by household appliances that are within the range of the router;
• Wi-Fi signal can be blocked with a blocker;
• high price.

Camera settings

To set up a CCTV camera no special measures are required.Here the whole process is practically carried out manually. In order to correctly adjust the operation of the video camera, it is necessary to adjust the focus of the camera, that is, the range of its operation.

It will be very difficult to perform this process on your own, so an assistant is often used for this setup.

That is, one person watches the camera on the monitor, and the second person directly manually adjusts this camera to the desired position.

It is important to remember that fine-tuning the camera in detail will help to avoid negative consequences during operation in the future. You should configure the video surveillance camera for motion and recording on the video recorder, if it is not an IP video camera that has a built-in motion detector and the ability to record to a memory card

Key areas for installing a video surveillance system during design

First you need to decide what places on the street you should watch

Usually the owner of a private house pays attention to the following: It is advisable to avoid "blind" zones during such monitoring, as well as to combine the control of the site and its perimeter.

If it is not possible to establish control over the entire territory, then monitoring of key points (entrances, entrances, car parking, etc.) should be established. Particular attention should also be paid to the territory bordering wastelands, plantations and other deserted areas from which an attacker can penetrate.
Typically, street cameras are not masked or hidden, since sometimes the very presence of video surveillance can scare away criminals.

It is advisable to avoid "blind" zones during such observation, as well as to combine the control of the site and its perimeter.If it is not possible to establish control over the entire territory, then monitoring of key points (entrances, entrances, car parking, etc.)

Particular attention should also be paid to the territory bordering wastelands, plantations and other deserted areas from which an attacker can penetrate.
Typically, street cameras are not masked or hidden, since sometimes the very presence of video surveillance can scare away criminals.

Conclusion

In Russia, the legislation does not prohibit citizens and various legal entities from using video surveillance to ensure personal safety or the safety of property assets, as well as to maintain labor discipline. However, persons who are in the field of view of the video camera must be notified of the operation of the recording equipment and agree to the shooting.

In addition, it must be remembered that only employees of state bodies have the right to identify subjects on video recordings as part of the implementation of operational-search activities.