We make a water filter with our own hands to clean well and borehole water

Cleaning methods

The main methods of water filtration:

• reagent;
• reagentless.

In the first case, special elements (oxidizing agents) are needed to purify water. They react with pollutants (such as iron). Reagent cleaning systems are quite affordable today, but require a lot of labor.Accordingly, this method of cleaning the well is more suitable for water for household needs, but not for drinking.

The method of non-reagent cleaning of the well is considered the most common and effective. Although the procedure is more expensive, since the operation requires an air compressor and an aeration column. However, during operation, large energy consumption is not required, since the filters are designed for long-term operation. Water after such purification is quite suitable for drinking and household needs.

Overview of filtration materials

The principle of operation of the filter is simple and familiar to everyone. It is necessary to pass water through a layer of filter material. The filler may be different:

• the cloth;
• cotton wool;
• paper napkins;
• gauze;
• sand;
• grass;
• coal;
• lutraxil.

Filters made of gauze, cotton wool, paper napkins, cloth and other similar materials are quite effective, but short-lived. They need to be changed quite often. However, as a temporary option, they are quite suitable.

You can buy charcoal at the store or make your own.

For regular use, other materials are used, mainly charcoal. It is laid in layers, alternating with sand, gravel, grass, etc. Lutraxil is a synthetic material made from polypropylene fibers.

DIY coarse water filter

Before proceeding to consider this topic, it is necessary to determine what all the necessary elements of the device will be. In this case, the range is quite wide.

What is the filter housing made of?

If we are talking about home-made devices, then the first contender in most cases is a practical, sometimes irreplaceable, plastic container. For example, a 5 liter bottle.However, the capacity depends only on the needs of the owners. The second option is a plastic bucket. The filtration container must not only hold a certain amount of liquid, but also provide enough space for the absorbent materials.

Subsequence

1. Lutrasil or natural fabric (cotton wool) is always at the very bottom of the structure. This layer must ensure that there are no impurities at the bottom of the filtrate tank. Naturally, lutrasil remains the best candidate, since any natural fabric will absorb pollution, which means that soon it will begin to be threatened not only by an unpleasant smell, but also by the onset of decay.
2. Charcoal in the simplest filters becomes the middle layer. The porous substance purifies the liquid from nitrogen, organic impurities, pesticides, chlorine, from various chemical compounds. Purchased material is optimal because it has an ideal structure. Domestic charcoal has the worst porosity, so it will be less effective in cleaning. A charred coconut shell or seeds of apricots, peaches, plums can become a replacement for it.
3. River sand often becomes the next layer. It traps various large and small particles, soil or clay impurities. River sand is ideal, having well-treated, water-polished surfaces. A career view would not be the best option: it can stick together during filtration. The best choice would be a fine fraction of the material, it guarantees maximum cleaning efficiency.
4. Gravel of medium, fine fraction - protection against very large inclusions. This layer is necessary if water for filtration is taken from open natural sources, or from wells that have not been cleaned for a long time.

At the request of the hosts, other candidates can add to the list.

Zeolite, silver

Zeolite is a mineral of volcanic origin. This filter media can be called an all-rounder. It is a more efficient analogue of quartz sand, since its porosity is 16% higher. Zeolite removes from water:

• ammonia;
• ammonium;
• bacteria;
• viruses;
• oil products;
• nitrates;
• organic impurities;
• pathogens;
• pesticides;
• radioactive elements;
• heavy metals;
• phenol.

Zeolite relieves the liquid of hardness salts, softens water, reduces the concentration of fluoride and chloride ions. The scope of the mineral is not limited to water treatment. It is used in medicine (example - Smecta), food industry, crop and animal husbandry.

Silver is not part of the coarse filter itself, but it is recommended to use it for disinfecting already purified water. The best sample of the metal is 999. Silver can be used to “ennoble” tap water, but it is still not recommended to drink unpurified liquid.

Some layers are interchangeable. For example, zeolite can take the place of sand or coal. Silver for cleaning is not necessary, but if this useful metal is at home, then its use is advisable.

Homemade water filter

At home, everyone is able to build an installation consisting of three containers connected in series. Such a filter works only under a certain pressure of the plumbing system.

As future cassettes, you can use plastic or glass containers, and you need to connect the segments using a ¼ inch adapter nipple.

The filter is connected directly to the water supply system and does not require installation of additional communications

For convenience, the adapters are provided with inlet/outlet guides. They will make sure that the build process is successful. Another important point is the tightness of the installation. To avoid leaks, it is recommended to wrap each thread in Teflon tape, and seal the joints with synthetic material.

A filter of this type is connected to the system as a tee and connected in series with the water supply pipes. As a granulate, you can use the same coal. It will purify raw water from harmful microparticles and prevent the appearance of scale on the heating elements of the electric kettle and washing machine.

Homemade liqueur recipes

Today, recipes for homemade liquors, as before, are very popular. Liqueur is an alcoholic drink that consists of alcoholized juices of fruits or berries. Often in the process of its preparation, infusions of fragrant herbs and various spices are used. The strength of the drink usually varies from 15 to 45%, and it tastes quite sweet, since a lot of sugar is added to it.

Recipes for homemade liqueurs are, in fact, quite simple. The first recipe involves the preparation of banana liqueur. For this you will need the following ingredients:

• 2 bananas
• 500 ml of alcohol,
• 1 sachet of saffron (small)
• 1 sachet of vanilla
• 1 liter of water.

Peel bananas, cut into slices, place in a glass bottle and fill with alcohol. After wrapping the container in newspaper, so that the light does not fall on it, remove it for 14 days. Next, you need to prepare the syrup. To do this, bring water to a boil, dissolve sugar, vanillin and saffron in it. Wait for the syrup to cool, add it to the strained alcohol, stir and pour into bottles.

Many will be interested to know the recipes for chocolate liqueur.

• 1.5 liters of vodka,
• 1 kg of sugar
• 200 gr. dark chocolate,
• 2 glasses of milk
• 2 glasses of water
• 2 gr. vanilla sugar.

Hold the chocolate in the freezer for a few minutes, then grate it on a medium grater. Put the resulting chips in a glass container, you can jar, fill with vodka and add vanilla sugar. Stir the mixture thoroughly, cover and leave for a week at room temperature. For a richer taste of liquor, the contents of the jar are recommended to be shaken daily.

After a week, add sugar syrup to the mixture. How to make it? To do this, pour milk into the pan and pour sugar. The resulting mass should be mixed and heated over low heat and boil for about 7 minutes. Then take the pot off the heat and let it cool. Pour the cooled syrup into the chocolate mass, close the jar with a lid and put the liquor in a cool place for another 5 weeks. Strain the finished liquor and pour into bottles.

For coffee lovers, there are also various recipes for liqueurs. For instant coffee liqueur you will need:

• 500 ml of vodka,
• 1 cup cold coffee
• 450 gr. Sahara.

Sugar is added to cold coffee, mixed, and heated over low heat. Bringing the coffee mass to a boil, it must immediately be removed from the heat and cooled. Pour in the required amount of vodka, mix. Pour a thick drink into any glass container, close it and put it away for a week in a cool place. During the liqueur infusion, do not forget to shake the container with the contents several times a day.

Thus, having studied the above recipes, you can prepare not only interesting tinctures and liqueurs, but also delicious liqueurs that are suitable for both the festive table and the preparation of unusual alcoholic cocktails.

Is it really necessary to purify water from natural sources?

Today, in almost every kitchen, you can find the simplest design filter for water purification, made in the form of a transparent jug, inside of which there is a replaceable container (cartridge) with an adsorbing composition.

Filter jug ​​for water Aquaphor "Ultra".

These devices are inexpensive and are great for treating small amounts of water. It would seem - why not a way out for a long trip to the country, where you have to use water from a well or even an open reservoir, and a stationary cleaning system is not provided?

The jug itself is not so expensive, and is sold complete with a filter cartridge, which must be replaced periodically, as the installed resource becomes dirty, with a new one. But if you have to clean a large amount of water, then the cartridge will have to be changed often, and it costs, by the way, not so little. That is, you have to take a spare with you so that because of this you do not have to return to the city to purchase a new one.

It also happens that if not only intended for drinking and kitchen, but all the water entering the house must pass through the filter. It is clear that an ordinary jug is no longer enough here, since it simply cannot cope with such a voluminous task.

This is especially important when water is taken from open reservoirs or wells, as it often contains fine particles of clay, sand, organic matter, and waste products of microorganisms. This water is not suitable for drinking.

In addition, various wastes from agricultural work accumulate in the soil, from where they inevitably end up in groundwater over time. Therefore, water not purified in a special way may contain nitric acids, nitrates, chlorine impurities, sulfates, pesticides and other toxic compounds. And if we add here the still prolific landfills of household waste, industrial emissions carried by atmospheric precipitation and automobile exhausts, spilled oil products ...

Filter prices for water "Barrier"

Filter Barrier

Thus, drinking untreated water from untested sources at the laboratory level is extremely risky. And cleaning with the help of the simplest filter jugs is not at all a suitable way to get rid of these compounds dangerous to humans - such devices are designed, rather, for the purification of tap water that has already passed a certain preparation cycle.

And yet, even such a jug (with a working cartridge, of course) is better than nothing at all. But what to do if, as they say, “circumstances pressed”, and there is no way to use the factory filter device? The way out is to try to make, at least for a while, a filter with your own hands.

Homemade water filter

At home, everyone is able to build an installation consisting of three containers connected in series. Such a filter works only under a certain pressure of the plumbing system.

As future cassettes, you can use plastic or glass containers, and you need to connect the segments using a ¼ inch adapter nipple.

The filter is connected directly to the water supply system and does not require installation of additional communications

For convenience, the adapters are provided with inlet/outlet guides. They will make sure that the build process is successful. Another important point is the tightness of the installation. To avoid leaks, it is recommended to wrap each thread in Teflon tape, and seal the joints with synthetic material.

A filter of this type is connected to the system as a tee and connected in series with the water supply pipes. As a granulate, you can use the same coal. It will purify raw water from harmful microparticles and prevent the appearance of scale on the heating elements of the electric kettle and washing machine.

Fillers for a homemade system

Porous materials are suitable for water treatment. They can be changed, combined depending on the tasks.

The main elements are:

• coal,
• sand.

As extras are:

• natural and synthetic fabrics,
• gauze,
• cotton wool,
• stones.

Quartz or river sand

Excellent for mechanical purification of water from contaminants and impurities. Quartz sand is considered the most suitable. Its grains have an optimal shape, and there are no minerals harmful to health in the composition.

Fine sand with angular particles greatly enhances the quality of filtration.

Coal

Purifies water from chlorine, organics, ozone, pesticides by adsorption. The effect is achieved only if the structure of the material is porous. A similar property has charcoal made in production.

The best cleaning ability has a product obtained from:

• coconut shell,
• peach pits,
• apricots
• drain.

Lutrasil

Non-woven material, suitable for self-made filters as an additional element. It contains polypropylene fibers.

Thanks to this, it provides water purification from impurities hazardous to human health.

Unlike cotton fabrics, lutrasil is not afraid of moisture and does not require frequent replacement.

Zeolite

The mineral has an excellent filtration effect. It is considered one of the best materials used for homemade and professional filters. It traps salt and metal impurities. It is used both independently and as an additional layer along with sand and coal.

Attention! The filler is laid in layers, from coarse to fine. The first layer is small stones, then sand, coal and cloth.

Cleaning the well by hand

For manual cleaning, you must either go down into the well yourself and pump out water, or use the help of a professional.

Of the main cleaning tools, you will need warm clothes, rubber boots, a safety rope, a flashlight, a bucket, rags, a sponge, and even a brush for cleaning concrete or surfaces of the mine to clean its walls in the process of descending to a depth while pumping out water. You will also need washed crushed stone of a fraction of 40 * 30, which will need to be added to well bottom after cleaning its bottoms.

Cleaning the bottom - the most basic and difficult

In the event that water does not enter the well from a perfectly clean spring, then a protective bottom filter is laid out on its bottom.

In many ways, the quality of well water depends on a well-made bottom filter.

most valuable for bottom filter materials are quartz sand, natural crushed stone, gravel, shungite, sauna stone (jadeite), geotextiles, which are stacked in several layers. At the very bottom there is also a bottom shield, which is designed to protect the bottom filter from destruction by groundwater.

One of the options for cleaning the bottom is to completely remove it, clean it and put all the bottom filter materials back in place.

The second way is even simpler and more realistic - this is to remove the bottom dirt from the top layer of rubble and add fresh washed gravel of the same standard fraction (40 * 30) by 15-20 cm.

Sealing seams and gaps between the rings in the well shaft

Experts recommend using a special sand-based solution for these purposes, liquid glass and cement. There is also a special composition - called hydroseal, which can be used if finances allow.

Disinfection (disinfection)

Disinfection includes the treatment of the walls with a solution of ten percent chlorinated lime, which is also poured onto the bottom of the well. Within two days, it is necessary to prevent the filling of the well with water and, if it is available, it must be immediately pumped out.

As a result, bleaching (chlorinated solution) and cleaning the shaft will allow the well water to regain its natural properties.

Why is well cleaning necessary?

Water in a freshly drilled well does not stay clean for long. At first, there are almost no impurities in it. Over time, even visually you can notice clouding, the appearance of sediment, a specific smell and a light color. In this case, reliable filtering will help.

There are a number of reasons for the need for filtering:

1. If the well is not periodically cleaned, then substances can accumulate in it that will trigger putrefactive processes and contribute to the formation of silt.
2. Rare water purification leads to the fact that the liquid begins to acquire a metallic, very unpleasant aftertaste.
3. Plumbing, appliances and utensils after prolonged use of untreated water acquire a yellowish tint.
4. Due to pollution in groundwater, harmful impurities can accumulate in drinking water.
5. Silty and cloudy sediment in a container of water indicates the development of harmful bacteria in it.
6. If you do not carry out periodic water filtration, this will lead to the fact that a corrosive smell of "rotten eggs" or hydrogen sulfide may appear when you turn on the tap.

For research purposes, the water is delivered to the laboratory for a complete chemical analysis (after all, we need to achieve compliance with sanitary standards). Diagnostics before the filtration procedure should be carried out regularly, since even the replacement of individual elements of the water treatment system will not save from pollution over time, and the water may deteriorate. The results of the analyzes will prompt the solution of the main issue - the choice of a water treatment system. To date, there are several types of such systems.

Aquarium water filter

As you know, for the normal life of aquatic inhabitants, it is necessary to clean the tank in a timely manner and maintain the purity of the water. Owners of small aquariums will come in handy building instructions filters at home.

The body of a homemade hard water filter can be any plastic tube of a suitable diameter, including, in the absence of such, 2 syringes will work well.

Before assembly, you need to prepare some additional parts: a spray bottle (often used in detergent bottles), a sponge with a high degree of rigidity, as well as a mechanism by which the structure will be attached to the wall of the aquarium (suction cup).

The main advantage of the design is ease of manufacture. All components can be easily found at home

The first step is to remove the movable part of the syringe, it will not come in handy. Then, using hot glue or other sealant, connect the workpieces to each other, after cutting off the spouts.

For the flow of water, it is necessary to make a perforation. An ordinary soldering iron will do just fine with this, and if you don’t have one, you can heat any metal object, such as a nail, over the fire and make holes over the entire area of ​​​​the syringe.

To optimize the speed of water passing through the filter, it is recommended to make holes at a uniform distance from each other.

In some cases, it is possible to fill the filter capsule with some kind of granulate, the best option would be to use zeolite, because. The absorbent does a good job of filtering out nitrates.

Next, you need to place the atomizer inside the case, while its flexible tube should go evenly along the entire length of the cassette.

Then the makeshift cartridge should be completely wrapped with a sponge and the outer layer fixed so that it does not unwind. That's all, the power of such a filter is quite enough to purify the water in a small aquarium.

The design is quite compact and can fit in any small tank

Self-manufacturing

Filter device

Features of the manufacture of the simplest filters - in the multilayer materials with different cleaning properties. Each new level contributes to the additional removal of impurities, contaminants or certain properties of water.

To build a filter with your own hands, you can use available fillers and simple fixtures.

At home, for a homemade filter as cleaners, you will need:

1. Paper napkins, gauze or a wide bandage. Water from a well or water supply is perfectly cleaned with their help, but the fragility of materials is the reason for their frequent replacement.
2. Thin cotton, canvas or linen fabric, cotton wool is more durable in composition and lasts longer.
3. Charcoal, which can be purchased at the store or made by yourself.
4. Silver coin or other small silver items.
5. Small pebbles, gravel, clean river or quartz sand, previously washed and calcined for disinfection.

As containers for unfiltered and purified water, you can use a plastic or enameled bucket with a lid and a plastic five-liter bottle. The volume of dishes used can be increased or decreased depending on the need.

Simple water filter

Walkthrough:

Step 1. In the lid of a bucket for clean water, in the center you need to cut a hole for screwing a plastic bottle upside down. The fit of the two elements must be tight. The cut edges should be processed with sandpaper or a file, and 5-6 punctures should be made in the bottle cap to drain the purified liquid.

Step 2. Preparing a container for water purification.If a five-liter or other plastic bottle is used, then you need to carefully cut off the bottom to fill the vessel with filter materials and insert it into the hole in the bucket lid.

Step 3. In the place of the neck, a thin fabric or cotton wool is laid in layers from the inside with a snug fit to the walls. From above, you need to fill in pre-prepared crushed coal 5-6 cm high and compact it a little with a heavy object. This is the main filtering component, its capabilities are calculated approximately from the ratio: 1 tablet of activated carbon per 1 liter of liquid.

Step 4. On top of a layer of coal, you need to spread out gauze or a bandage in several layers, carefully closing the previous level, and place silver pieces or coins on top for bacterial cleaning.

Step 5 Place a layer of clean sand 2-2.5 cm high and make sure that it does not leak to the coals. Mixing can cause the filter to clog. Sand enhances filtration without letting in foreign particles. From above it is necessary to lay gauze in 4-5 layers so that there is no funnel when filling the container with water.

Step 6. You can start test cleaning after filling the container

If the design is determined for a continuous supply of water, then it is important to monitor the pressure, which should not exceed the throughput of the filter.

The performance and quality of filter cleaning depend on the number of layers and their density. It is considered the best indicator for cleaning 2-3 liters of water per hour.

It should be noted that purchased filters essentially have the same cleaning properties, even if pyrolyzed ground coconut shells are used instead of carbon filler.

You can cook charcoal yourself by calcining a hardwood tree placed in a metal dish in a fire. Ephedra cannot be used due to the large amount of resins they contain. Birch logs are ideal for making activated carbon.

The filtration layers should fill approximately 2/3 of the total volume of the bottle, and 1/3 remains for unfiltered water.

How to make a cleaning system at home

Easy to do, just follow the instructions. Most often, a homemade filter is made from:

• from a bottle
• paper,
• PVC pipes.

From a bucket and a plastic bottle

The filter can be made independently using a plastic bottle and a bucket.

For this you will need:

• five-liter bottle of drinking water;
• plastic bucket with a lid;
• activated charcoal, tissue paper.

Sequencing:

1. Cut out the bottom of the bottle.
2. Cut a suitable hole in the lid of the bucket.
3. Insert the bottle upside down into the lid.
4. Pour the filler (it is better to use activated carbon) into the bottle.

Important! The neck of the bottle and the hole in the lid of the bucket should fit snugly against each other. To achieve this, you can use a rubber gasket. Before you start drinking purified water, the filter must be washed

To do this, pour a few liters of water into it and let it drain. Fine particles of coal will be washed out, and the next batch will already be drinkable.

Before you start drinking purified water, the filter must be washed. To do this, pour a few liters of water into it and let it drain.Fine particles of coal will be washed out, and the next batch will already be drinkable.

From 2 bottles

Going on a long trip, it is not very convenient to carry heavy bottles of drinking water. It would be wiser to take some devices with you and make a filter at a halt. From the house you will need to take two plastic bottles, gauze or synthetic fabric.

Sequencing:

1. Cut off the neck of one bottle and the bottom of the other.
2. In the nearest reservoir, collect sand and ignite it on a fire.
3. Make coals on the fire.
4. In a bottle without a bottom, put in sequence: gauze, coal, sand.
5. Make holes in the lid and screw it to the neck.
6. Put the bottles in each other.

The quality of the filler is of great importance. If activated charcoal is not stocked up in advance, you can use wood. As a raw material, it is better to take birch, or other deciduous trees. Conifers contain essential oils, which later get into the water.

After the firewood turns into coals, they must be collected in a metal container and ignited until red. Only then will they be ready for use in the filter.

From paper

This method is the simplest, but also the least reliable. A large volume of water cannot be purified through a paper filter. It will need to be changed frequently.

For manufacturing you will need:

• small capacity;
• funnel;
• paper towel.

What to do:

1. Insert the funnel into the glass.
2. Fold up the paper towel.
3. Insert the bag into the funnel.

The effect will be better if you use several bags at the same time by inserting them into each other. Thus, a multilayer filter will be obtained, which will better retain dirt.

Paper weight matters a lot.Newspaper is considered the most optimal for these purposes. Checking the quality is easy. It is enough to make a few bags and pour water into them. The longer it will seep into the container, the denser the paper.

Is it possible to make your own from PVC pipes?

A homemade device for purifying water from pipes will do its job perfectly. It is suitable for home, summer cottages and will make even water from the lake suitable for drinking.

What will be required:

• plastic water pipe;
• two plastic bottles;
• gauze, cotton wool, plastic cover;
• sintepon, coal.

Progress:

1. Cut the pipe into two pieces. One more, the other less.
2. Put a layer of gauze (cotton wool) inside the larger pipe.
3. Glue the plastic cover with the thread outward, drill a few holes in it.
4. Fill the pipe with sintepon.
5. Close another lid with the thread outward and drill holes. Do not glue this time.
6. Cut off the neck from the bottle, fix it on the pipe so that the thread remains free. The connection must be tight. Wrap the outer side with electrical tape several times.
7. Put a perforated cover on the thread. Pre-fix several layers of gauze on the inside.
8. Pour activated carbon into the smaller pipe.
9. Connect both pipes with a thread. The carbon filter should be at the bottom.
10. Screw the bottles to the ends of the structure. At the top, cut the bottom and fill it with water.

Important! The filler should not be laid too tightly. It should not prevent water from flowing down.

2 The main condition for high-quality cleaning is filter media

The working container is selected in such a way that all the necessary filling fits into it. For absorption, a variety of components are used: artificial and natural.The latter have a higher filtration capacity. These include:

• sand from a river or quarry;
• gravel;
• zeolite;
• Activated carbon.

For primary rough cleaning, cloth cotton materials or even paper are usually used. According to hygienic requirements, they are very impractical: they constantly stay in a humid environment, rot, and an unpleasant odor appears. The very structure of such filters contributes to almost instantaneous pollution, which requires frequent replacement.

The best material for filtration is activated carbon

Artificial materials in this respect have the best performance. One of the most preferred is lutrasil. He is not afraid of moisture, dirt accumulates to a lesser extent than on cotton. Of the other fabric filters, they use synthetic, used in coffee machines - the cheapest.

Zeolite also belongs to minerals, but it has a disproportionately large filtration effect. It cuts off metal and salt impurities - everything that comes into the water from the agricultural industry: pesticides, herbicides, mineral fertilizers.

Zeolite used in homemade structures

In homemade devices, activated charcoal is most widely used. It equally qualitatively retains mineral formations and toxic substances. Another advantage is that the water after passing through it becomes transparent, unpleasant odors and microorganisms are eliminated.

Self-cooking coal is not particularly difficult. Wood of any breed, except coniferous, is used. Birch has the best qualities. Firewood is loaded into a metal container, which is placed on fire, ideally in a stove.When they are red hot, stop heating and let cool. If overexposed, valuable filtration properties are lost.

Why is water ironing necessary?

Before you purchase water iron removal filters, you need to understand the essence and purpose of this process.

Many homeowners believe that additional groundwater treatment is not required, as groundwater is naturally filtered. However, this is an erroneous statement, since in any underground water there are components of inorganic origin, microorganisms and other substances that need to be removed from the composition.

Among them, water contains iron and its salt additives, which are called hardness salts. If the water is dirty, then it will not be difficult to determine the content of such substances. The liquid will have a reddish tint, which becomes more intense after exposure to the sun, and tastes like rust.

• If washing is carried out in a private house without prior water treatment, rust stains will appear on the linen, since exposure to detergents will lead to the formation of flakes of iron salts.
• Liquids with a high iron content shorten the life of plumbing and ruin the aesthetic appeal of surfaces. Under the influence of high temperatures, heavy metals start a chemical reaction, contributing to the formation of sludge that clogs pipes and leads to malfunctions in household equipment.
• When using an untreated liquid in the heating system, the heat transfer performance will be reduced.

The lack of a water purification system from salts and iron affects one's own comfort and safety.