Repair of the septic tank "Topas": features of professional and self-service

Do-it-yourself Topas station cleaning

Like any mechanism, aeration stations need scheduled maintenance to maintain overall performance and the required degree of purification of incoming domestic wastewater. Since the main users of this type of sewage are people living in private homes, it is structurally possible to carry out maintenance of Topas stations with their own hands.

Here we will walk through the entire process of necessary service work step by step, which will allow you to operate your cleaning station in normal mode for a long time.

Before you start cleaning Topas with your own hands, you need to know the frequency with which it should be done:

• Once a quarter. With a daily residence of a nominal number of users (for example, when using the Topas 5 station by five users) all year round.
• Once every six months. With daily living during the summer season (the first time in the middle of the season, the second, with conservation - at the end of the season).
• Once a year. For weekend stays during the summer season (with conservation at the end of the season).

Having decided on the frequency of the service, we proceed to its step-by-step execution:

1) We remove the spent sludge from the activated sludge stabilizer. This can be done in two ways:

a. Using the built-in mamut pump.

With the unit turned off, remove the mamut pump hose from the fixing clip and lead it outside the station, remove the plug by loosening the metal clamp at the end of the hose. We turn on the installation in the direct phase (the float switch in the receiving chamber is forcibly raised). After pumping out about 50% of the volume (about 1 meter of liquid column) of the chamber into a previously prepared container, we turn off the installation. we fix the plug and fix the hose in its original position.

b. Using a sump pump.

We lower the pump with a hose to the bottom of the sludge stabilizer chamber, lower the end of the hose into a previously prepared container for collecting sludge or directly into the compost pit. We turn on the pump and pump out about 50% of the volume (about 1 meter of liquid column). We wash the walls of the sludge stabilizer from precipitation and fill it with clean water to the original level.

It is best to clean the walls of the chambers with high-pressure mini-washers, having previously covered the compressor compartment from water entering it during the washing process.

2) Using a drainage pump, we pump out about 20-30 cm of liquid from the bottom of the aerotank. We wash the walls aeration tank and secondary clarifier from precipitation and fill with clean water to the original level. Remove from the fixing clips and clean the hair collector.

3) We wash the walls of the receiving chamber.

4) With the help of a net, we remove all non-decomposable mechanical debris from the station.

5) We clean the main mamut pump. Disconnect the air hose and main mamut - pump, which performs pumping from the receiving chamber to the aerotank and take it out by removing it from the fixing clip. We wash the mamut pump from the outside and clean it by supplying a pressure jet of water into the pump tube.

6) We clean the filter of coarse fractions. We disconnect the air hose and the coarse fraction filter, remove it by removing it from the fixing clip. We wash the filter from the outside and clean it by supplying a pressure jet of water into the filter pipe. We install the coarse filter and the main mamut pump in place, fixing them on the clips and connecting them to the air hoses.

In order not to confuse the hoses of the pump and the filter, they should be marked, for example, with electrical tape.

7) Clean the compressor air filter. To do this, unscrew the screw located on the top of the compressor, remove the cover and take out the air filter. We clean the filter by shaking it. Install the filter in place. Similarly, we clean the filter of the second compressor.

If the air filter is excessively dirty, it must be washed in water and reinstalled after drying.

After completing all the above steps, turn on the installation

As you can see, Topas maintenance can be freely done by hand. Nevertheless, we strongly recommend that the first service be carried out by the efforts of specialists, as they say: “It is better to see once than read a hundred times on the Internet! » ))

Device and installation Topas

This WTP consists of receiving, aeration, activated sludge and secondary settling chambers.

It is best to entrust the installation of the device to professionals, since improperly carried out, it can lead to a breakdown of the Topas septic tank.

The installation scheme is standard and takes place in several stages:

1. First, a pit is built, which should slightly exceed the size of the station. Its sides are reinforced with formwork.
2. The device is lowered inside. If the model is high performance, this may require a special technique. With less productivity, the installation can be carried out by the efforts of four people.
3. Further, the sewerage pipe and electrical supply, carried out by this time, are connected.
4. Filling the container with water, the pit falls asleep. Water will protect the walls of the device from deformation.

How Topas works

The operation of the treatment plant is quite simple and is as follows:

• effluents enter the chamber where they settle, solid waste sinks to the bottom, and light oils and fats rise to the surface;
• upon reaching the required level, a special sensor is triggered and passes the most purified clarified effluents into the next chamber - the aerotank;
• the aerator in this compartment saturates the water with oxygen, creating the best conditions for the development of bacteria, which actively cleans the liquid;
• after that, it passes into a pyramidal sump;
• after settling, activated sludge is sent to a special chamber, and water is removed from the station;
• when it accumulates, the chamber is periodically cleaned.

Recommended reading: Overview of biological treatment plants for summer cottages

To get rid of sludge, you do not need to call special equipment every time. The procedure itself is simple, so it is quite possible to carry it out on your own, and the sludge does not have to be taken out of the site. It can be used as an organic fertilizer.

Service Topas

Once a VOC is installed, proper maintenance is essential to keep it running smoothly for a long time. First of all, as already mentioned, it is necessary to regularly clean the chamber where sludge accumulates.

Of course, this work must be carried out with all precautions: gloves must be used, and after it is carried out, hands should be washed thoroughly with soap and water.

Pumping is carried out by a special pump, which is installed in this chamber. To do this, remove the plug, prepare a bucket for waste and pointing the end of the hose there, turn on the device.

Pumping can also be carried out using a fecal pump. Then it will be possible to limit yourself to two procedures per year.

After the work is completed, it is imperative to fill the chamber with water so that it does not deform under the weight of the soil.

Other chambers also need to be cleaned from time to time. For example, with a net, from the first chamber, you can remove the top layer of fat, as well as large solid waste settling on the bottom.In general, cleaning is done as follows:

• first disconnect the hoses;
• then remove the pumps themselves;
• remove the filter from there;
• the devices are thoroughly washed;
• nozzles in the air distributor are cleaned with a needle;
• after washing and cleaning, all parts are installed in the reverse order.

Features of gas connections

When connecting gas stoves, columns and other types of equipment, flexible connections are also used. Unlike models for water, they are yellow and are not tested for environmental safety. For fixing, end steel or aluminum fittings are used. There are the following types of devices for connecting gas appliances:

• PVC hoses reinforced with polyester thread;
• synthetic rubber with stainless steel braid;
• bellows, made in the form of a corrugated stainless steel tube.

Holding "Santekhkomplekt" offers engineering equipment, fittings, plumbing and fixtures for its connection to communications. The assortment is represented by products and materials of well-known foreign and domestic manufacturers. Discounts apply for bulk purchases, and product quality is confirmed by standard certificates. For information support and assistance, a personal manager is assigned to each client. The ability to arrange delivery within Moscow and other regions of the Russian Federation allows you to quickly receive the purchased goods without any hassle.

What is Topas?

Topas is a septic tank that can:

• 98% clean wastewater;
• has a compact design;
• consumes little energy;
• does not create noise during operation;
• fully automatic;
• does not need special maintenance and will not draw funds from the family budget for arranging special working conditions;
• hermetic, which completely eliminates the appearance of unpleasant odors.

There are a lot of options for the execution of a septic tank - this allows you to choose exactly the volume that is suitable for the needs of the inhabitants of your home.

Before installing the Topas septic tank. you need to learn how to make it work for a long time. To do this, you just need to follow the rules of operation, namely:

1. Do not dump spoiled vegetables, sand and building materials into the sewer system.
2. Ensure that cigarette filters, film, rubber and other non-degradable substances do not enter the sewer.
3. Do not drain the water that was purified using an oxidizing agent; water with bleach is also an unwanted guest.
4. Medicines Topas will not cure, but only harm, however, as well as automotive consumables.

Topas will gladly accept, in addition to drains, toilet paper, water with washing powder, and kitchen, shower, and bath drains.

How does he work

In order to understand how Topas works, you first need to look under the lid. There you can see four compartments, each of which performs its own functional load. An interesting feature of this septic tank is that with an increase in the number of drains, it speeds up its work. If there are fewer of them, then the quality of cleaning increases due to their distillation in all chambers several times.

Recommended reading: Diagram of a septic tank made of concrete rings

And now more about each camera:

• No. 1 - it accepts everything that comes from your house through sewer pipes.In this chamber, drains accumulate until they rise to the upper level. This will be signaled by a float, which is equipped with a switch. He, in turn, indicates to the compressor that it is necessary to pour liquid effluents into the next compartment. In the process of moving wastewater, large particles remain in this chamber, and liquid ones float away into the second. Between them there is a coarse filter that will not let hair into chamber No. 2.
• No. 2 is an aerotank. Roughly filtered drains fall into it. This is where they become food for bacteria. Their task at this stage is the splitting of large particles into simple ones and purification from organic compounds. Oxygen takes part in this, which enters the chamber through a compressor. It also guarantees the constant movement of wastewater, which helps to mix them with activated sludge, which is another filter element.
• No. 3 - after mixing, all the agitated substance is poured into this compartment. This is a secondary septic tank. Inside this chamber there is a pyramid, into which a silt-drain mixture enters with the help of an airlift. There, all this calms down, and the silt precipitates. Large particles settle to the bottom, it will be possible to get rid of them when cleaning the septic tank.
• No. 4 - when the storm subsided, all the particles were distributed over the compartments, and purified water appeared, which smoothly flows into this chamber.

If suddenly the contents of chamber No. 1 are not enough for the float automation to operate, then the drains circulate inside the Topas. Thus, a deeper cleaning is obtained.

Sanitary standards

Before installing the Topas septic tank, it is necessary to choose a suitable place for it, and this should be done in accordance with sanitary standards.First you need to take permission to install such an object on the site, since it carries a potential hazard to the environment. This permission is issued by the SES, and only if all the standards in the project documentation are met.

Recommended reading: How Topas Autonomous Sewerage Works

To the source of water from the septic tank should be at least 50 meters, to any source of water (river, lake, reservoir) - at least 30 meters. Distance from shrubs and trees - 3 meters, from the road - 5 meters, from the foundation of the house - 5 meters.

Briefly about the principle of operation of the station

Starting the repair of a sewage treatment plant, it is necessary to have an idea about the principle of its operation. The operation of the device is based on the purification of liquid household waste with the help of bacteria.

And if non-volatile systems rely on the work of anaerobic bacteria, the vital activity of which is possible in the absence of oxygen, then the Topas treatment plant cleans waste thanks to anaerobic and aerobic organisms. The difference in the living conditions of these microorganisms affects the completely different principle of operation of wastewater treatment devices.

Different models of the TOPAS station may differ in dimensions, performance, the possibility of processing a certain amount of wastewater per unit of time (volley discharge indicator), the presence of a drainage pump to remove treated water or its absence, the installation depth (for example, models with the designation "Long" are connected to pipe that lies at a depth below 0.9 m)

In conditions of complete absence of oxygen, the fermentation of the sewage mass is carried out by anaerobes. The process takes place in the first compartment of the treatment plant.Then the settled and fermented effluents are placed at the disposal of the aerobes located in the next three compartments of the system.

Aerobic microorganisms break down and recycle suspended particles and impurities that are in wastewater much faster, but they require a constant supply of oxygen. In addition, oxygen is necessary for the oxidation of the mass. Effluent aeration is provided by an electric pump, so the operation of the device without power supply is impossible.

Features of the preservation of the septic tank for the winter

Before winter, a special conservation of the Topas septic tank is carried out. To protect equipment from the formation of ice in containers, insulation should be made for the hatch. A sealing material is used - polystyrene foam, mineral wool or hay.

It is important to observe the following rules:

1. The hatch should be opened quickly. This will prevent freezing of containers.
2. It is not recommended to drain the system when it gets cold. Since the soil is constantly moving, which can squeeze the septic tank to the surface and cause pipe breakage.
3. Items that are on the surface should be removed.

Preservation is carried out if the equipment will not be used for several months. For normal support of the vital activity of microorganisms, the installation can be used 1-2 times a week.

Stages of preservation of the Topaz septic tank for the winter

Before the procedure, it is recommended to turn off all taps for water supply and stop using the sewer.

Conservation of a topas septic tank for the winter includes the following steps:

Turn off the power to the equipment.To prevent the device from accidentally starting, it is better to disconnect it from the package switch.
Liquids from tanks are pumped out so that all devices remain on the surface. The collected debris is then removed. This can be done with a brush.
Disable auxiliaries. Devices must be folded very carefully so as not to harm them.
Before disassembly, it is recommended to draw a diagram so that when assembling, you do not confuse the parts.
Then the containers should be filled with water by 75%.
After that, the hatch is insulated

It is important to protect the material from precipitation, since only the dried insulation will function.
The removed device is cleaned, lubricated and disassembled. Separate elements must be wrapped with dry fabrics and stored in a dry room.

And when warmed up, they quickly return to working condition. To stimulate this process, you can add a little kefir to the container. The station is being put in order after heat stabilization.

After the installation of the equipment, the system is filled with water and started. Bacteria will acquire their properties in a couple of days after connection.

The list of services for the maintenance of the septic tank "Topas"

The efficiency of the Topas septic tank is directly determined by the quality of service. The standard list of works includes:

1. Primary diagnosis. External inspection and assessment of the quality of the unit's operation allows you to timely identify possible malfunctions, draw up a work plan for the maintenance of the septic tank.
2. Removal of dense sediment from the receiver. When using VOC "Tver", insoluble fractions accumulate at the bottom of the primary block.Sediment should be periodically removed with a special pump or cesspool machine until the compartment is completely empty.
3. Pumping of activated sludge. The Topas treatment plant functions effectively with an optimal amount of active bacteria. To maintain the normalized volume of biomass, sludge should be pumped from the aerotank chamber to the receiver by airlifts or disposed of with a fecal pump, a sewer.

1. Ruff cleaning. In the process of maintenance, brush nozzles should be washed under the pressure of water, once every 15 years - renew the load.
2. Cleaning the walls of the chambers. Plaque on the walls appears when the terms of service of the septic tank are not observed.
3. Cleaning compressor air filters.
4. Backfill of crushed limestone.

After maintenance, Topas is checked for an adjusted air supply, according to the data sheet. When emptying the first tank, the sludge from subsequent chambers is pumped into a receiver for further disposal.

Preservation for the winter

Conservation of the septic tank Topas for the winter

However, it should be noted that at a depth of about 2 meters (approximately this is how septic tanks are installed), the temperature usually does not fall below the limit.

The opposite effect - in the spring, when the groundwater level rises, the entire structure of the septic tank can be pushed to the surface.

To avoid this, you need to take care in advance of making homemade floats that will not allow a light container to rise from the ground. Floats will serve as ordinary two-liter bottles filled with sand.

This should be the liquid level inside the septic tank in winter

Watch an overview video that tells about the maintenance of the Topas septic tank with your own hands:

The specifics of the installation of septic tanks "Topas"

Most often, septic tanks of the Topas-5 or Topas-8 type are used to service a private house. The performance of these devices is designed to regularly serve the needs of a family of five or eight, respectively.

In addition to the performance of Topas septic tanks, they may differ in modification. However, the maintenance of autonomous sewage of this type does not have big differences, and their device is largely similar.

The scheme shows in detail the device of the autonomous sewage system "Topas" and its components and mechanisms that need regular maintenance are indicated

Topas septic tanks have four working chambers. The first chamber is a receiver in which the primary treatment of wastewater with anaerobic bacteria is carried out. The incoming masses are filtered to remove inclusions that are not suitable for bacterial processing.

In the second compartment, with the help of an aerator, the drains are saturated with air. This makes the environment more favorable for the life of aerobic microorganisms.

Aeration also helps to separate solid contaminants from the bulk of the waste, which must be removed immediately. Saturated with air and already partially processed drains are moved to the third chamber with the help of an airlift. This chamber usually has a pyramidal shape and acts as a sump.

In the chamber - the secondary sump, the waste masses are subjected to separation, as a result of which the activated sludge is separated from the liquid component of the processed sewage masses.

The septic tank with the Topas logo consists of four interconnected compartments: a receiving chamber, an aeration tank, a secondary clarifier and an activated sludge stabilizer.After multi-stage treatment in each chamber, the liquid component of the wastewater can be discharged into the soil post-treatment system, into the sewer or used to irrigate green spaces (+)

Then the waste is moved to the fourth compartment of the septic tank, where the fermentation process continues, although not so intensively. Here, the silt settles to the bottom, and the water, after settling, moves to the storage tank. Sometimes and secondary clarifier chamber also has the form of a pyramid to create favorable conditions for the precipitation of neutral silt.

From this last chamber, water enters the soil treatment device. At this stage, the effluents pass through a meter-long filtering layer in an absorption well or through a system of drainage perforated pipes with a geotextile sheath.

If the geological section of the site is represented by water-repellent rocks, additional treatment is not carried out, and the effluents are discharged into a gutter or into a centralized sewer network.

Saturation of the waste mass with oxidizing oxygen is provided by two compressors installed inside the device. There are also airlifts, filters, etc. Forced effluent pumping plants are equipped with one or more pumps to stimulate the movement of the processed mass.

Technical devices require power, while mechanical devices need regular maintenance. For example, nozzles and airlifts should be periodically cleaned or replaced, compressors and pumps should be repaired.

Information about the device of the Topas septic tank is needed not only for the competent operation and maintenance of the treatment point.Knowing the design features is necessary in case of a system breakdown in order to quickly make available repairs if it is impossible to quickly deliver the personnel of the service company.

We install septic tanks in Kolomna. Lukhovitsakh, Zaraysk, Lakes

Septic tank Topas malfunctions and their elimination

Despite the high reliability of such a sewage treatment system as Topas, manufacturers do not exclude the possibility of its failure. Most failures are due to misuse and untimely maintenance.

1. Malfunctions of the septic tank.

2. Prevention and maintenance.

Often, personal hygiene products, plastic bags, garbage, caustic solutions of synthetic substances are thrown into the sewer. The Topas sewer system, like any other, is not able to process and dispose of the above waste. Failure to comply with the rules for the operation of the Topas septic tank, which indicates the prevention of inorganic waste from entering the sewerage system, leads to clogging of the septic tank and its failure.

Sometimes, due to a power outage, the septic tank overflows.

Consider the most common malfunctions of the Topas septic tank and how to fix it.

1. The exit from the septic tank of sewage water or the appearance of an unpleasant odor.

This malfunction mainly appears due to untimely cleaning of the system, but it can also occur due to a breakdown of the working sensor or the airlift of the intake chamber pump. To eliminate it, you must first carry out maintenance of the septic tank, clean and flush the system, if it does not help, then replace the sensor.

2.The septic safety switch does not work.

It is necessary to check the operability of the drainage pump, compressor, working sensor, as well as the integrity of the electrical wiring leading to them. In case of failure, replace or repair.

3. The septic tank is flooded.

• The drain pump does not work (repair or replace);

• Airlift of the main pump does not pump liquid (it is necessary to clean or replace the airlift itself, nozzles, float switch, only a torn compressor membrane, a damaged air tube, a faulty sensor must be replaced);

• In winter, the discharge pipeline for the discharge of purified water may freeze, this occurs as a result of improper installation. To eliminate, warm up and carry out the correct installation.

4. The arrival or departure of water when the septic tank is disconnected from the power supply.

Initially, inspect the used plumbing. If leaks are found, fix the problem or replace the worn plumbing item. If damage to the integrity of the station case is detected, contact a specialist.

Prevention and maintenance

In order to prevent the uninterrupted service of the Topas septic tank, it is recommended to carry out the following work:

• monthly clean the filter of large fractions, where large wastes that have got into the sewerage system are accumulated;

• clean the non-recyclable waste collection device, this should be done quarterly;

• every 2 years, replace the compressor diaphragm;

• quarterly, using an air lift pump, clean the sludge from the sump. If you use a drainage pump for cleaning, then you can remove the sludge once every six months.

Systematic maintenance of the Topas system will eliminate malfunctions, costly repairs and ensure uninterrupted operation of the installation.

Device and installation Topas

This WTP consists of receiving, aeration, activated sludge and secondary settling chambers.

It is best to entrust the installation of the device to professionals, since improperly carried out, it can lead to a breakdown of the Topas septic tank.

The installation scheme is standard and takes place in several stages:

1. First, a pit is built, which should slightly exceed the size of the station. Its sides are reinforced with formwork.
2. The device is lowered inside. If the model is high performance, this may require a special technique. With less productivity, the installation can be carried out by the efforts of four people.
3. Further, the sewerage pipe and electrical supply, carried out by this time, are connected.
4. Filling the container with water, the pit falls asleep. Water will protect the walls of the device from deformation.

How Topas works

The operation of the treatment plant is quite simple and is as follows:

• effluents enter the chamber where they settle, solid waste sinks to the bottom, and light oils and fats rise to the surface;
• upon reaching the required level, a special sensor is triggered and passes the most purified clarified effluents into the next chamber - the aerotank;
• the aerator in this compartment saturates the water with oxygen, creating the best conditions for the development of bacteria, which actively cleans the liquid;
• after that, it passes into a pyramidal sump;
• after settling, activated sludge is sent to a special chamber, and water is removed from the station;
• when it accumulates, the chamber is periodically cleaned.

Recommended reading: Overview of biological treatment plants for summer cottages

To get rid of sludge, you do not need to call special equipment every time. The procedure itself is simple, so it is quite possible to carry it out on your own, and the sludge does not have to be taken out of the site. It can be used as an organic fertilizer.

Service Topas

Once a VOC is installed, proper maintenance is essential to keep it running smoothly for a long time. First of all, as already mentioned, it is necessary to regularly clean the chamber where sludge accumulates.

Of course, this work must be carried out with all precautions: gloves must be used, and after it is carried out, hands should be washed thoroughly with soap and water.

Pumping is carried out by a special pump, which is installed in this chamber. To do this, remove the plug, prepare a bucket for waste and pointing the end of the hose there, turn on the device.

Pumping can also be carried out using a fecal pump. Then it will be possible to limit yourself to two procedures per year.

After the work is completed, it is imperative to fill the chamber with water so that it does not deform under the weight of the soil.

Other chambers also need to be cleaned from time to time. For example, with a net, from the first chamber, you can remove the top layer of fat, as well as large solid waste settling on the bottom. In general, cleaning is done as follows:

• first disconnect the hoses;
• then remove the pumps themselves;
• remove the filter from there;
• the devices are thoroughly washed;
• nozzles in the air distributor are cleaned with a needle;
• after washing and cleaning, all parts are installed in the reverse order.

Breakdowns of the Topas treatment plant and methods for their elimination

The main trouble associated with the breakdown of the station is the flooding of the entire structure with sewage. Here are the reasons and ways to repair Topas septic tank nodes.

1. The drain pipe for purified water is clogged, or it is frozen. Gotta clean it up.
2. If a model with forced pumping is installed on the site, that is, an installed pump, then it is the latter that is checked for correct operation. If it is working, then the float that turns on the pump is not working. It will have to be replaced.
3. The airlift tube was clogged with large fractions. It is removed and pumped with water.
4. The membrane of the septic tank compressor has failed, it pumps air into the airlift. It is necessary to disassemble the compressor and replace the membrane.
5. The RCD has worked, which means that you will have to deal with electrical wiring, compressors and pumps. It is better to approach the maintenance of working devices from the position of understanding the electrical part. If there is no such knowledge, then call a specialist.
6. There was damage to the hull. As practice shows, it is impossible to cope with this problem on your own. We'll have to call the experts. Depending on the complexity of the defect, the case will either have to be repaired or replaced with a new one.

Useful tips for the repair and maintenance of Topas

The maintenance and repair of the Topas septic tank must be approached from the standpoint of the appearance of all kinds of malfunctions, both individually and in combination.

It is not always possible to repair individual elements of the device or replace them with your own hands, so it is important to follow the rules for operating and maintaining the station. Because the discovery of inaccuracies in the operational process is a refusal of the company from warranty repairs

1. It is impossible to dump construction waste, pet hair, biological compounds that do not decompose into the sewer.
2. Do not dump large quantities of substances containing chlorine.
3. You can not make any changes to the design of the septic tank.

As for the basic maintenance requirement, when the power is turned off, try to reduce water consumption so as not to overfill the septic tank, or rather, its stabilization chamber.