TOP-5 outdoor light sensors for turning on the light: the best models + the nuances of choosing and connecting

A few words at the end

Motion sensors can be used in production, in security systems and at home.The price of these devices is quite affordable. You can easily install them yourself.

In today's review, we examined the types of sensors, the principle of operation, technical characteristics and selection criteria. We hope that our article was useful to you and will help you at the moment when you decide to purchase such a device for your home.

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Common Problems and Errors

During the installation of photo sensors by a beginner, especially those who do not have relevant experience, typical mistakes are often made.

Indoor setup

Sometimes, for convenience, threshold adjustment is performed indoors, which should not be done.

The fact is that the sensitive element inside the case (or remote) reacts not only to visible light, but can also perceive solar ultraviolet. Its absence during room testing will affect the “accuracy” of operation: home glazing extinguishes up to 80% of the UV spectrum.

Conductor Connection Errors

Photo sensors are usually connected to street lighting in a three-wire circuit: phase, zero, load.

Sometimes there is confusion with the purpose of the conductors - what to connect where. To understand how to connect the wires correctly, you can navigate by the color coding of the cores. One of them is usually green or blue - this is how “zero” is indicated.

The remaining pair of wires also has its own color - for example, red, brown.

In the case in the picture above, the brown wire is the input from the electric power supply, and the red wire leads to the light bulb.In it, the phase occurs when the photoswitch is triggered.

Installation location

It is important to choose the right mounting location. Correct and incorrect installation of a photorelay for street lighting using examples:

Correct and incorrect installation of a photorelay for street lighting using examples:

In most cases, to comply with this rule, a photorelay is placed above the lamp, or even on its body, if there is a technical possibility.

If a mistake is made in the installation, this will lead to spontaneous false positives, periodic "blinking" of the light and other errors.

It may happen that it is impossible to “hide” the photo sensor. Then it should be fenced off from the lantern with a dense opaque partition.

Performance deterioration

Over time, relays sometimes start to work worse. This occurs due to the natural degradation and contamination of the material: the cap of the photocell darkens and passes the sun's rays worse. Dirt is removed by simple wet cleaning, but degraded plastic must be replaced - separately, if possible, or together with the entire device.

Device position

It is important not only how to connect the light sensor to the load and the network, but also in what position in space to install the device. Some types of devices can only be placed “upside down”, with a photocell to the bottom

To determine the correct position, the corresponding marks are applied to the body:

Incorrect installation will result in improper operation or moisture ingress if the "bottom" of the protective cover contains unprotected access holes.

Threshold adjustment

In most sensors, the response threshold can be adjusted according to the following parameters:

• Illumination.These sensors are equipped with photocells that monitor the level of light and activate the sensor when it becomes dark around. You can adjust the threshold for illumination so that it turns on the light at the right time of the day or turn it off completely. Such a light sensor is convenient for street lighting, for example, for a lamppost.
• Sensitivity. The sensitivity adjustment feature is designed to minimize the chance of false alarms while maintaining the sensor's ability to respond to human presence. For example, in order for the lamp to work at a great distance, when a person approaches the gate, and the sensor is located above the door of the house, high sensitivity is needed.
• Time. In our opinion, the most important function that should be in the sensors. It allows you to set the response time of the sensor, that is, the time from the cessation of movement to the actual shutdown of the lamp. The need for such an adjustment occurs quite often. For example, if the sensor is located on a landing where people often visit but stay for a short time, then without a turn-off delay, the light will turn on and off very often, which will lead to rapid wear of the bulbs and the sensor itself. Plus, light is often needed for some more time after a person leaves the sensor coverage area. Simply put, this function allows you to adjust the sensor as accurately as possible so that it does not constantly click on the light and at the same time does not waste extra electricity.

Unfortunately, it is quite rare to find a device on sale where all three functions would be combined (most often only time and illumination can be adjusted).One of these is IEK LDD13 - it is quite sensitive and at the same time relatively inexpensive.

Structural features

Any track lighting device consists of a track (tire), a lamp. Additional details: connectors, suspensions, brackets, plugs.

Track structure

A track (busbar, frame) is a rail that is mounted on a ceiling or wall with light sources. Cross-section of the busbar trunking body: rectangular or oval. There are flexible and rigid frames.

Single and three phase tracks

Inside the profile there are insulated copper busbars for conducting current. Allocate one-, three-phase busbars.

Single-phase track - 2 conductors pass (one phase and zero). All light sources on a single-phase busbar can be turned on and off only at the same time. This two-wire system is suitable for small cafes, residential apartments.

Three-phase track - 4 conductors pass (three phases and zero). Such a system can be connected to a 220 V, 380 V network. If you plan to connect the track system to a voltage of 380 V, and the lighting devices are rated for 220 V, an additional converter is connected.

Light sources can be divided into several groups, switched on separately with a two- or three-gang switch. Such a four-wire system is suitable for lighting huge areas of shopping centers (reduces the load on the entire network, allows you to configure individual groups of lighting fixtures).

Mini track systems

Separately, mini track systems are distinguished, which are used as additional lighting. Mini structures consist of 2 chrome-plated copper tubes connected by an insulating profile. Such a frame is energized with 12V. When installing a mini busbar, clips and suspensions are additionally selected.

Magnetic track system

Popular novelties of frame luminaires differ from conventional frames in that different lighting fixtures are attached to the busbar with magnets. Inside the guide profile is a conductive board with a magnetic core. Such a magnetic system is powered by electricity, but a voltage of 24 or 48 V is required. Additionally, a power supply is selected, which is mounted separately, connected through a wire to a copper rail. The power of the power supply should be 20-30% higher than the total power of all the fixtures of this magnetic track.

• simple installation;
• replacement, addition of light bulbs to the magnetic frame;
• safety during operation due to low voltage;
• the ability to use under different conditions.

The most popular guide frame (track) material is aluminum. Steel, various alloys, plastic are also used. When choosing a busbar, take into account the material, the conditions where the structure will be used. The parameter “Dust and moisture resistance” (IP protection class) is important, where the first digit indicates degree of protection against dust, the second - from water. If you plan to install the track system in rooms with a high level of moisture, on the street, then the IP value should be higher than 45 (for example, IP66 - full protection against dust, protection against strong water jets).

1 Ritex S-80L

Before us is a wireless spotlight with a motion sensor, powered by LEDs and delivering 8 watts of power. A rather weak device, but it does not require a fixed connection to a household network. It is powered by a solar panel and its own storage battery, which is charged during the day and gives out energy at night.3 AA batteries, 1800 milliamps / hour each, are built into the case at once. The kit comes with a five-meter cable for connecting the battery, which makes it possible to choose the most illuminated time during the day to install the charging module.

The wireless floodlight puts out 800 lumens of light, which is quite a lot for such a compact device. The degree of security here is 44 units. Not the highest rate, but available for outdoor use. Unfortunately, the manufacturer does not indicate the service life of the diodes, and this is a very important indicator, since the spotlight is not cheap, albeit from a famous brand.

Setup and Calibration

When setting up the light sensor, it is important to use the black bag that comes with the sensor. This bag is used to simulate the night

Bag for setting the light sensor

Of the settings in the light sensor - only the light level control (LUX). It sets the level at which the sensor's internal relay is triggered.

The level setting is described in more detail in the description of the circuit diagram, below.

There are the simplest light sensors (for example, LXP-01), in which there are no adjustments at all. There are advanced ones, where there is still a regulator of the on / off delay time.

Well, now the most interesting -

Tips & Tricks

The selection process is complicated by a wide variety of motion sensors, characterized by different functionality. There are a number of factors to consider in order to select the right photovoltaic relay. The first and most important is the conditions for future operation. In the adjoining territories of country houses, it is desirable to use products with the ability to change the sensitivity threshold. An excellent option would be the additional installation of a time sensor.

Thus, photorelays for street lighting are designed to automatically control lighting systems and significantly extend the working life of individual devices. The light will only work when needed. Automatic control will create the most economical system, and it does not require a network operator to manage it.

It should be remembered that the light sensor connection diagram is available on the product body. This simplifies the commissioning process.

Best Pendant LED Street Lights

Suspended street lamps are designed for placement in gazebos, terraces and under canopies. They are mounted on the ceiling and are often not designed for direct rain. But thanks to their special design, it will be possible to create a more comfortable atmosphere. Other models can be operated in open areas and tolerate precipitation well.

Eglo Cados 39319

Rating: 4.9

In first place in the category of goods from the Austrian brand Eglo. Model Cados 39319 has a steel reinforcement consisting of six rods in the form of spider legs with one bend in the middle. At the bottom, the pins converge into a ring in which the ceiling and the LED round panel are placed. The LED element is powered by a voltage of 220 V and produces 630 lm at a power of 5 watts. The glow temperature of 3000 K creates a warm atmosphere. The polymer of the pendant flashlight does not change color during operation, which is what buyers like in the reviews.

We recommend a street lamp as the best one due to the possibility to choose the installation height. For this, the product has a supply of wire from the base to the base with a length of 1000 mm.Depending on the height of the ceiling in the gazebo, you can hang the ceiling at the right level so that enough light comes down, but users do not bang their heads against it.

Advantages

• minimalist design;
• simple installation;
• a total weight of 1.5 kg allows you to hang a night light even on a galvanized profile;
• the ability to adjust the height of placement with a large margin.

• high price;
• absolutely no protection against water and dust;
• if used in an outdoor outdoor kitchen, then fat sticks to the white body faster.

Lightstar Lampione 375070

Rating: 4.8

The pendant lamp belongs to gardening products and can be placed both under a canopy and in an open area, for example, on a pole or arch. The LED lamp has a power of 8 W and shines with a brightness of 360 lm. The resource of the LEDs is 20,000 hours. 220 V is connected via a wire that is laid between the links of the circuit for installation. You can hang the lantern at a distance of 230-800 mm from the ceiling.

This street lamp with LED technology has hit the overview of the best thanks to robust constructiondesigned for operation in strong winds with rain. The lamp has a metal frame with a lid and is placed on a chain. Therefore, even gusts of strong wind will not rip it off. It is not necessary to remove the lighting element for the winter. IP 54 sealing provides protection against dust ingress and heavy rain. The semi-circular steel lid promotes natural water runoff and prevents hail damage to the glass.

Advantages

• made in the old style;
• durable construction;
• the ability to adjust the placement height from 23 to 80 cm;
• cover IP54 protection.

• the service life of the LED element is slightly less than that of others - 20 thousand hours;
• brightness is not adjustable.

Globo Lighting Solar 33970

Rating: 4.7

The Solar 33970 model, which has a power of 0.06 W with a voltage of 3.2 V, completes the category of hanging flashlights. The product belongs to the III class of energy safety. It is made entirely of plastic and is a translucent ball with a ribbed structure. The color of the ceiling can be white, pink, green, purple or red, which increases the variety of design options and is liked by customers in the reviews. Despite the abundance of plastic in the design, it is quite tight and can be used in the rain.

We considered a pendant type street lamp to be the best due to the presence of a built-in solar battery. This does not require the laying of a power line and greatly simplifies installation. The hook on top allows you to hang the lighting fixture in different places, regularly changing the design in the garden. These LED models are often placed even on trees, which decorates the territory in a special way.

Advantages

• affordable cost;
• simple installation;
• light weight of 300 g does not bend branches when hanging on trees;
• can be used in the rain.

How thermal sensors work

What are they made of

The functioning of infrared devices is based on the analysis of radiation emanating from the working area. If there is no one in it, then the whole system is “silent”. As soon as a warm object appears, the electronic circuit analyzes the radiation emitted by it in terms of strength and coordinates in space.

The device consists of a system of lenses, each of which is responsible for collecting information from a narrow sector. The more of them, the higher the sensitivity of the tracking system.The radiation focused by adjacent lenses is sent to two thermal receivers made of pyroelectric crystals. If the signals from them differ, then the electronics turns on the switch, which closes the electrical circuit of the load. It is made on the basis of an electromagnetic relay or on powerful thyristors. The second option is more reliable, but also more expensive. This parameter is adjustable in many devices.

In order to save energy, switching devices should not work during daylight hours. To do this, they install a photo relay, which reacts to daylight illumination. This parameter is adjustable and as soon as the illumination reaches the set minimum limit, it turns on. You can set a permanent mode of operation that does not depend on the time of day. The built-in timer regulates the turn-on time of the electric lamp, which varies in most designs from a few seconds to tens of minutes.

Some manufacturers produce stand-alone movement indicators. They work on batteries. In such devices, in order to save battery power, there are no adjustments. They work only in the dark with a constant turn-off delay time. Such devices are very convenient for lighting steep stairs, night routes to the toilet, in cellars and sheds. They are easily attached to any surface and require no wires. They use LEDs instead of bulbs.

Coverage

The parameter that determines the distance at which the device detects movement is the coverage area and the angle of coverage horizontally and vertically.The sectors traced by the lenses diverge radially from the heat-sensitive element. The greatest sensitivity of the system is when a person crosses this zone in a perpendicular direction, changing the characteristics of two adjacent sectors.

When moving towards the sensor, frontal movement, the sensitivity is the lowest, since there is no sharp change in radiation in neighboring areas and the device responds more slowly.

The coverage area diameter does not exceed 12 meters for most devices, and the coverage angle is 360 or 180 degrees, depending on the specific requirements of the lighting control system.

If you are interested in the topic and wondered where to buy the best of the devices described, then the easiest way is to order online. There is a lot of material on the Internet on how to install the sensor yourself. You can assemble the electrical connection diagram with your own hands without any problems

Option for self-production

For those who are fond of radio-electronics and have enough skills in soldering and assembling various devices useful for the home, it will not be difficult to make an acoustic sensor on their own. The easiest option:

We purchase a ready-made set of parts with a printed circuit board included in the kit (cost about 100 rubles).

We unsolder all the elements in accordance with the scheme.

We check the performance of the manufactured device.

A homemade device for controlling lighting using voice commands can be made based on the popular Arduino designer and compatible voice recognition modules.

Application, pros and cons of use

The scope of such devices is quite wide, most often they are used for the following purposes:

1. Automatic inclusion of street light in the darkest places.
2. Illumination of facades of various buildings.
3. Illumination of suburban areas in the evening and at night.
4. Increasing the visibility of video surveillance systems at a later time or in dark places.
5. Conducting lighting in the courtyards of residential areas.

The use of photo relays has recently become more and more popular, and such systems are gradually becoming more widespread, this is due to the following significant advantages:

1. Self-activation and the ability to manually adjust the parameters of this process is financially beneficial, since it allows you to save money when paying bills for consumed electricity.
2. There are some varieties of such devices, for example, having a photocell built into the design, which are distinguished by a rather simple installation and connection scheme. This allows you to independently organize the installation of the device without involving qualified specialists in this process.
3. Some models are equipped with timers, this increases their cost, but allows significant savings during operation, since the individual mode allows you to automatically turn on the lights only when it is needed.
4. Automatic execution by the device of all necessary actions. At the same time, a number of more complex modern models allow you to start lighting only if the device detects any movement. This is due to the presence of special sensors in the design.
5. Increasing the level of security, since automatically switched on lighting creates the illusion of the presence of people and can scare off intruders.

Such devices do not have any significant drawbacks, except for the fact that they will require some expenses. However, given all the advantages and convenience of such systems, this minus is insignificant, and the photorelay compensates for all expenses with its work.

The best motion sensors for lighting systems

Similar models are used to automate the inclusion of lamps and fixtures. Their installation allows you to reduce energy costs and increase comfort when using lighting fixtures.

TDM DDM-02

4.9

★★★★★
editorial score

95%
buyers recommend this product

The body of the model is made of durable non-flammable plastic, which guarantees reliability and safety of use. The switch-off time can be adjusted from 10 seconds to 12 minutes. The trigger threshold is also configurable.

The transmitter power is about 10 mW, the viewing angle is up to 180°. The device meets the IP44 protection class, that is, it is not afraid of minor exposure to moisture and dust.

Operating temperature -20..+40 °C allows the sensor to be used not only inside but also outside the premises. The device is installed in any convenient place: under the ceiling, in front of the front door or in the ceiling lamp.

Advantages:

• flexible setting;
• convenient installation;
• low energy consumption;
• wide viewing angle;
• suitable for outdoor installation;
• long service life.

Flaws:

high price.

TDM DDM-02 has a minimum switching load. The sensor is recommended for work with low-power lamps and fixtures.

Feron SEN30

4.8

★★★★★
editorial score

93%
buyers recommend this product

The model has a high detection rate (0.6-1.5 m/s). This ensures timely activation of the sensor when moving in the monitored area. The built-in design and long cable allow you to install the sensor not only on a flat surface, but in general in any convenient place.

The range of the sensor is from 5 to 8 meters, dimensions - 79x35x19 mm. The device does not take up much space and easily connects to the network. Operating temperature -10..+40 °C contributes to the stable use of the device in unheated rooms.

Advantages:

• fast installation;
• small dimensions;
• resistance to low temperature;
• convenient connection.

Flaws:

high power consumption.

Feron SEN30 reacts to hand movements. A reliable solution for installation in a residential area or outbuilding.

LLT DD-018-W

4.8

★★★★★
editorial score

90%
buyers recommend this product

A feature of the model is the flexibility of customization. The user has the ability to adjust the sensitivity of the sensor, set the desired mode of operation depending on the time of day. The time that the lamp stays on after the sensor is triggered is also subject to change.

The maximum range of the device is 12 meters, the load power is up to 1200 watts. The angle of inclination is changed due to the presence of a special hinge. The device can operate for 10,000 hours, that is, it can work continuously for more than one year.

Advantages:

• flexible setting;
• durability;
• maximum heat resistance;
• low price.

Flaws:

large dimensions.

LLT DD-018-W is capable of operating at temperatures from -40 to +50 °C.A versatile solution for both indoor and outdoor installations.

Camelion LX-28A

4.7

★★★★★
editorial score

87%
buyers recommend this product

Changing the operating modes of the electronic sensor is carried out automatically. The 360° viewing angle ensures a clear sensor response, regardless of the location of the person in the room. The device can be fixed to the ceiling or wall with three self-tapping screws.

The maximum load power is 1200 W, the recommended installation height is 2.5 m. The device instantly responds to movement within a radius of up to 6 meters. The model is able to independently determine the onset of the dark time of the day, has a power indicator for ease of maintenance.

Advantages:

• compact dimensions;
• convenient installation;
• wide viewing angle;
• low power consumption;
• operating status indication.

Flaws:

instability to power surges.

Camelion LX-28A will be useful for working with powerful lighting fixtures. An economical solution for installation in small spaces.

What else is worth paying attention to

Like any device, modern LED spotlights are equipped with additional features. They make it easier to set up or give more options to the spotlight.

About color and everything connected with it

The color rendering index is the first thing that comes to mind when it comes to the naturalness of the color that comes from an LED spotlight. Many people want it to be natural so that it does not irritate the eyes. And in this case, the CRI index comes to the rescue. Some designations can be seen in the table below.

CRI designation	Place
A1	Trading floors and offices
2A	Rooms in a house or apartment
1B	Educational establishments
3	Industrial building
4	Not suitable for indoors

The CRI index is one of the criteria related to color

Color temperature is an equally important indicator that is responsible for what color the glow will be. It is measured in a unit such as Kelvin.

The table below shows the main color options.

Color	Temperature, K	Where is the best place to put
Bright yellow	2000-2500	The outside
Warm white	2700-3000	Hotel, restaurant, rooms in an apartment or house
Neutral white	3500-4000	Ordinary rooms in an apartment or house
Cold white	4000-5000	Hospitals, offices, factories
bright white	>5000	Art studios, shops

Shades vary depending on the color temperature of the LEDs.

Sensors

One of the additional options when choosing an LED floodlight are motion or light sensors. The motion sensor turns on the spotlight when someone passes by it. Another sensor is activated at dusk, when there is not so much sun and it becomes dark outside. In any case, they can greatly expand the functionality or significantly save energy, which is extremely convenient.

Number of LEDs

The LED spotlight is a rather complicated device. First of all, it should be noted that it can have both a number of LEDs combined into one matrix, and one, but a powerful LED.

Interestingly, the diode matrix, in comparison with a single LED, heats up faster, and significantly. At the same time, the light output of the matrix is ​​\u200b\u200bless, although there seem to be more LEDs. In general, you need a bright light - take a spotlight with one large LED.

The number of diodes can affect the brightness of the lighting

Food

Power is also an important, albeit a secondary criterion, because it is not always possible to connect a street lighting fixture to a power outlet. And what’s more, it would be better to install street options with a battery, and even better for them to have a solar battery that would recharge this battery.

Features of installing a light sensor

Installation is carried out first of all in accordance with the instructions and technical characteristics of the signaling device. Before mounting, you need to familiarize yourself with the connection diagram. If necessary, involve a specialist.

• Work on connecting sensors is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations in compliance with the following rules:

- when connecting elements and wires, monitor the phasing;

— use of grounding;

- lay the three-core cable in the shield;

- installation is carried out on the terminals;

- be sure to distribute the load.

• The wall or surface on which the device is mounted must not be subject to vibration.

• If the accompanying documents do not indicate the mounting height of the device, choose the best option - a little higher than 2 meters with a good view of the detector.

• The performance of the signaling device depends, in particular, on the rated current. If frequent drops are recorded, a voltage stabilizer should be installed.

Adjustments and settings

Each device has various settings that make it possible to adjust the operating modes of the light sensor in accordance with specific operating conditions. Everything you need is manually adjustable, with the help of several handles. Therefore, the operation of completely identical devices may differ due to inaccurate adjustments.

One of the main settings is the response threshold, which helps to reduce or increase the sensitivity of movements. Reducing this parameter is especially required in winter, when there is a strong reflection of light from the snow cover. Sensitivity can also be lowered when there are brightly lit objects nearby.

Another adjustment must be made for the time delay when the lighting is turned on or off. With an increased delay, you can reduce the number of false positives when the relay hits the bright light of car headlights. In the event of a delay, the lighting will not immediately turn on when darkened by clouds or foreign objects.

It is important to adjust the range of illumination. In fact, these are the upper and lower limits of power supply when a certain degree of street lighting occurs.

All of the above settings allow you to switch the light control to fully automatic mode, making this process as convenient and comfortable as possible.

Types of acoustic light switches

Sensors for automatically turning on the light when driving

There are several types of sound sensors that are used in the home.

• Sensor equipped with photocells. Independently in automatic mode monitors the level of illumination in the room and, if necessary, turns off and on the lighting devices.
• Standard audio devices.
• A universal high-frequency sensor that reacts not only to sound waves, but also to the movement of a person in the room.

Each of these varieties has its own technical features, as well as advantages and disadvantages of use.

Technical characteristics of photorelay for street lighting

For any electrical device, the characteristics determine the possibility of its use in certain operating conditions. For the photorelay they are:

supply voltage - for domestic use, 220 Volts is optimal, but in the presence of control circuits with a lower order voltage, − 12/24/36 Volts can be used;

NOTE!

12/24/36 Volt voltage control circuits are used to control the operation of magnetic starters and contactors, which are used when there is a large electrical power of the connected load.

• maximum allowable current - this characteristic is important when using devices with an operating voltage of 220 V, when the current of the connected light sources flows through the contacts of the photorelay;
• the presence of settings for operating modes;
• temperature mode of use;
• the degree of protection of the body from water and moisture;
• overall dimensions and weight.

Photorelays come with a built-in or remote photosensitive sensor, which determines the possibility of their placement (outdoor installation, in a switch cabinet, etc.)

No. 1. How does a motion sensor lamp work?

To simplify, a motion sensor is a special sensor that detects a person on the territory, and when detected, sends a signal to the lamp to turn it on. The structure of the sensor, the principle of object detection and the method of transmitting information may differ.

The main part of the sensor is a lens, through which control over the surrounding territory is exercised. The more lenses in the sensor, the higher the sensitivity of the device (maximum - 60 lenses). The wider the area on which the lenses are located, the larger the coverage area of ​​the sensor.So, some sensors have a "viewing angle" of 360 degrees, i.e. able to detect a person at any point around them. This is a good option for a lantern, but for a lamp hanging on the wall above the entrance to the house, a viewing angle of 120-180 degrees will be enough.

According to the principle of operation, motion sensors can be:

• infrared - most common in street lamps for private use. The sensor reacts to thermal radiation, which is a companion of every person. Such sensors have high accuracy and a sufficient detection angle, they notice a person at a distance of 15-20 m, but they can falsely trigger on warm air and work insufficiently accurately during precipitation;
• ultrasonic sensors constantly emit waves with a frequency of 20-60 kHz and receive a reflected signal. If a change in the reflected frequency occurs, i.e. someone appeared in front of the sensor, then a signal is sent to the lamp. Such sensors work well in any weather, dustiness does not interfere with them, but the range is not high, and the sensor may not work on an object that moves smoothly. Yes, and some animals pick up the operating frequency, they may be uncomfortable;
• Microwave sensors work in the same way as ultrasonic sensors, only they emit electromagnetic waves. The sensor reacts to the slightest movements, therefore false positives are possible. Constant radiation is harmful to health, therefore it is necessary to choose a power density of 1 mW / cm2;
• combined sensors.

Modern sensors can be customized for the owner by setting the response sensitivity and delay timer, i.e. the time that the lamp will shine after detecting an object.