How to make plumbing in a private house

Choosing a wiring diagram

The preparatory stage consists in drawing up a wiring diagram for the water supply system. There are two mounting options:

1. The tee scheme assumes a serial connection of all consumers. That is, a pipe is started from the incoming line and tees are installed on it to connect specific plumbing or household devices.
2. Collector wiring of water supply pipes involves the use of a collector, to which consumers are connected through ball valves. This method allows you to easily repair a certain section of the water supply system without turning off the water. In addition, with this scheme, it is possible to evenly distribute pressure between consumers.The cost of a water supply system based on collector wiring is high and a fairly large space is required to accommodate the pipes.

The wiring diagram is necessarily drawn on paper and it provides for the slightest nuances, namely:

• Room dimensions;
• Optimum pipe diameter;
• Dimensions of plumbing fixtures and their installation locations;
• Placement of pipes and their exact length;
• Installation locations for meters and filters;
• Places of bends and turns of pipes;
• Number of fittings.

Important! All work should be carried out only after turning off the water supply from the central line. See the next section for an example of such a scheme.

See the next section for an example of such a scheme.

The sequence of operations when wiring a water supply system with your own hands of a collector type is as follows:

• Emergency cranes are installed on the riser;
• Installation of filters and counters;
• Manifold and ball valves at outlets are being installed;
• Plumbing fixtures are connected;
• The performance of the water supply system is checked.

Upon receipt of a new apartment or when it becomes necessary to replace the old plumbing system, it is quite possible to carry out all the work yourself. In this case, you can get not only significant financial savings, but also perform a better assembly of the water supply system.

The principle of operation of an autonomous water supply system

The water supply system is one of the most important elements in home improvement. The essence of its work lies in the automated supply of the required volume of water, for which the user now only needs to start the equipment, and then simply control it periodically.

An autonomous network independent of the central water supply must be correctly designed and calculated in order for the house to be fully supplied with water according to the needs of the owners. It is necessary to organize the system so that water flows freely to all water intake points.

For normal operation, the water supply system is equipped with devices and technical devices that provide automatic or partially automatic operation.

To automate the process, a hydraulic accumulator is used. It is used as a buffer tank for water supply and as a device to maintain a stable pressure.

The membrane tank has two compartments - for air and water, separated by a rubber membrane. When the container is filled with water, the air chamber is compressed more and more, which increases the pressure.

Autonomous water supply systems consist of internal and external parts. Includes pipeline branches of the same name, laid from the source of water intake to the points of water intake, fittings, plumbing, pump, storage tank or hydraulic accumulator

Reacting to the increase in pressure, the electric switch turns off the pump. As soon as one of the owners opens the tap, the pressure in the system begins to drop. The relay again reacts to a decrease in pressure and turns on the pump unit to replenish the used water.

The use of a hydraulic accumulator in a water supply organization scheme allows not only to automate the process of water intake and ensure its supply. Significantly extends the life of pumping equipment due to the reduction of on / off cycles.

Water supply is the life support of the house. It depends on him how comfortable a person will live in his home.

To choose the right system parameters, you must:

• Formulate requirements for the intensity and regularity of water supply. It is possible that in a small country house you can get by with a system with a conventional storage tank and a minimum of plumbing fixtures.
• Determine possible sources, the feasibility and cost of their construction, water quality.
• Select equipment and calculate options for laying engineering networks.

A well-designed system requires professional installation and the use of quality components.

General Mounting Tips

Pipes should be laid 30-50 cm below the freezing depth of the soil in the area, in the coldest winter. If this is not possible, then the pipe is selected one size larger in diameter and a heating cable is passed into it. This is more efficient than laying the cable outside the pipe. The pipe itself is insulated. With the onset of severe frosts, the cable is connected to the network and disconnected after the soil thaws to the depth of the pipe.

The depth of the trench under the pipe must be at least 70 cm to prevent damage during subsequent work. The bottom of the trench should be leveled, tamped and a 10 cm sand cushion should be poured. When laying the pipe in the trench, it should not be leveled and pulled into a string. Small bends in the future will compensate for the possible load and deformation. Entering the pipe into the house should be carried out separately from the sewer.

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Deepen the well pit 50-70 cm below the freezing depth of the soil and securely insulate, especially the hatch.

If a water treatment system is installed, a meter must be installed in front of it. Manufacturers must indicate the volume of purified water, after which maintenance should be performed.

Plan in advance the location of the water treatment equipment. First, it takes up a lot of space. Secondly, in order to connect only the necessary points of water intake to purified water with minimal costs for piping.

It is better to connect the bath after the fine filter. If the bath is far from home and is connected to a well, you can install such a filter in the bath.

Tip: when watering the site, choose the maximum possible pressure. The pump will turn off less often or run without turning off. So it will last longer.

Design features

The main difference between a private house and an apartment is the absence of centralized water supply networks and sewerage. Therefore, all the hassle of wiring, as well as maintaining the water supply, falls on the shoulders of the owner of the house or land. Before you start wiring, you will need to take care of drawing up a design plan. The water supply scheme in a private house will depend on what the source of water supply will be, whether it will be a winter or summer version of the pipeline, and how many consumers there will be.

The sewerage system usually includes:

• source of water intake;
• directly the pipes themselves, through which the movement of water will be carried out;
• additional devices: pump, filter, counters, other devices;
• water draw points.

Selection of pipes for water supply

If, nevertheless, you decide to do the plumbing in your house with your own hands, after developing the scheme, you should choose the pipes suitable for the water supply system. First of all, it is necessary to accurately determine the number of pipes for the water supply. At the same time, in the process of calculating the diameter and length, it is necessary to take into account all the turns and slopes that will occur during the distribution of the water supply and the installation of various elements.

As for the diameter of the pipes for the water supply, the minimum diameter of the pipes that can be used to install the water supply system in a private house should be 32 mm. The minimum diameter of pipes for water supply of 32 mm is selected regardless of the material from which the pipes are made. In other words, whether it is polypropylene pipes or traditional steel pipes - in any case, the diameter of the pipe for plumbing in a private house should be at least 32 mm.

In addition to the diameter of the pipes and their length, pay attention to the method of connecting the pipes to each other. Remember that absolutely all connections between water pipes must be tight and reliable. If you plan to do the installation of water pipes with your own hands, ask yourself the question: will you be able to make a reliable connection of water pipes?

If you plan to do the installation of water pipes with your own hands, ask yourself the question: will you be able to make a reliable connection of water pipes?

So, for example, if you chose polypropylene pipes for installing a water supply system at home, you should understand that you will need a special soldering iron to connect them, the principle of which you yourself will have to understand. In addition, for soldering pipes of different diameters, in addition to the soldering iron itself, you will also need special nozzles of various diameters. A soldering iron for welding pipes of different diameters is shown in the photo:

Among other things, when choosing pipes for do-it-yourself plumbing, you must consider the following points:

1. When choosing pipes for plumbing in a private house, be sure to check that they are designed for food water supply systems of a private house from a well or well. The diameter of the pipes for the water supply does not matter here - both larger and smaller pipes must be food grade.

There are cases when not entirely conscientious sellers sell pipes for technical purposes, passing them off as pipes for food water supply. Of course, the price of technical pipes is an order of magnitude lower than the price of food pipes, but savings in this situation are simply inappropriate.

1. Since when connecting the water supply at home to a centralized water supply system or a pumping station of a well or well in the case of autonomous water supply, pipes will be laid in dug trenches, it is necessary to think about pipe insulation. To insulate water supply pipes during the installation of a water supply system, as a rule, special mineral wool is used.
2. If, during the installation of a water supply system, its pipes will be laid above the ground without placing them in trenches, insulation will also be required. For ground-based wiring of the water supply system, in addition to mineral wool, other heaters can be used.If the laying of the water supply system is carried out in a region with very low temperatures in the winter season, in addition to insulation, it is recommended to use active heating of the house's water pipes in the form of a heating electric cable. The price of a heating cable is quite high, but its use will completely eliminate the possible freezing of the water pipes at home.

Collector scheme

The collector wiring diagram looks completely different. Here the water flow is directed to the collector to which each plumbing fixture is connected. All devices are connected separately, and not as in the previous diagram.

A ready-made collector can be purchased at a specialized store or made by hand. For its manufacture, brass or stainless steel is used, less often polyethylene and propylene. Often the collector is located in the kitchen under the sink and has one inlet and several outlets. By its principle of operation, it is somewhat reminiscent of a tee, the difference is only in a more complex design.

Ideal plumbing manifold layout

The main advantage of such wiring is the uniform distribution of water between all elements of the water supply. The collector water supply system gives the consumer the opportunity to separately disconnect each plumbing device from the network. This means that in the event of a breakdown, you do not have to turn off the water in the entire apartment. In addition, when organizing communication, you can personalize each product. For example, additionally introduce a filter between the collector and the equipment.

There is only one drawback of such systems - the high costs of their implementation. In addition, the installation of collector communications requires special skills and knowledge.

Before proceeding with the installation of equipment, it is necessary to determine the location of the collector. It is installed separately on the DHW system. Pipes must be laid between both collectors and the riser. It is here that the shut-off valves (faucet) are installed. After that, pipes are connected for each individual plumbing unit. For example, you will have to bring hot water and cold water to the sinks, bath and shower. But for the dishwasher and washing machine, only cold will be enough. Additionally, filtering devices can be installed.

In large areas, it makes sense to use both serial and collector systems at the same time. This is an excellent option for individual design of water supply in residential buildings.

Before you go to the store for a purchase, you need to draw up a project and a list of equipment. To do this, it is best to seek the help of professionals. Purchase plumbing fixtures and related materials only in large specialized retail chains with a positive reputation.

Pipe selection

The pump in the well is connected by a HDPE pipe. After the head of the well and up to the house, HDPE or metal-plastic can be used. In the southern regions, the piping in the pits can be done with a polypropylene pipe. But it should be borne in mind that at negative temperatures, processes of changing the structure of the material occur in polypropylene, microcracks appear on the surface of the pipe, the service life is significantly reduced, the pipes become brittle.

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The diameter of the pipe for connecting the pump determines the diameter of the connected pipe. As a rule, this is 32 mm. To connect a residential building with a family of up to 6 people, a pipe with an internal diameter of 20 mm is sufficient. It should be borne in mind that for plastic pipes the outer diameter is indicated, and the wall thickness of the pipes is different for different manufacturers. Therefore, a plastic pipe is chosen 25-26 mm. However, it will not be superfluous to connect the house with a 32 mm pipe.

The plumbing in the house is performed with polypropylene pipes. It is necessary to take into account their purpose according to the temperature of the carrier, when choosing for hot water from a water heater.

Selection of a source of water supply

Before proceeding with the construction of a water supply system in a private house with your own hands, all preliminary design and calculation work should be carried out. So, it is necessary to solve the problem with the source of water supply for housing. It must comply with the requirements of SNiP and SanPiN for water supply to residential premises.

However, when choosing a source of water supply, it should be borne in mind that in reality this indicator can be significantly exceeded. The table below shows the approximate consumption of water per day for various needs for the inhabitants of a comfortable home.

Table of water consumption for needs in the house:

Sources of water consumption	Liters per day
Drinking needs (preparation of tea, coffee and other drinks)	3
Cooking food	3
Washing dishes after meals	10
Personal hygiene	to 10
Taking a bath	from 100 to 150
Taking a shower	about 50
Use of the toilet	10-20
Laundry	from 40 to 80

As a result, we get a maximum consumption of 300 or even 400 liters per person per day. Of course, not every day all family members take a bath - often it is replaced by a more economical shower. But on weekends, when the whole family is together, the cost of the plumbing system can increase significantly compared to weekdays.

The old standards also do not take into account the water consumption of new household appliances that are installed in comfortable homes. We are talking about dishwashers, bidets, jacuzzis, massage showers.

Scheme for connecting water from a centralized system

Of course, not all suburban villages have a centralized water supply. But where it is available, it will be much easier to tie into the main pipeline than to try to equip your own autonomous water supply in the form of an artesian well.

To connect to the water supply, the homeowner will need to send a corresponding application to the operating organization.

Employees of the resource supply company, after considering the application, either issue permission to connect, or refuse it.

If the operating company allows the tie-in, then its technical staff draws up a plan for laying the pipeline with recommendations for the connection procedure.

All work is done at the expense of the homeowner, either by employees of the resource supply company itself, or by a third-party organization licensed to carry out such work.

Decentralized way to supply water to the house

Decentralized water supply implies the supply of water to the house from some autonomous source that is not connected to the central water supply.

Such an independent source can be:

• Well.
• Well.
• Natural sources - a river, a spring or a pond.
• A container filled with imported water.

When arranging a well, the estimated daily water consumption for household needs should be taken into account. Sufficient productivity can be provided by an artesian well drilled to a sufficient depth.

Surface, so-called sand wells, and wells are recommended for temporary use - for example, in summer cottages.

They are unlikely to be able to provide an uninterrupted supply of water to houses with year-round residence due to the large seasonal fluctuations in water and slow filling.

Containers with imported water will be able to provide water to a well-maintained house only in case of regular supply. Such an option, taking into account the average daily consumption for a family of three in 900 - 1,000 liters, can be very, very expensive. The best place to drill is as close to home as possible. So you can save on the cost of laying the pipeline.

SanPiN also requires that a minimum distance of 20 m be observed between the well (well) and the sewer storage tank.

Wiring

So, the water supply to the house is organized. Now we have to distribute the water supply of a private house with our own hands: the wiring diagram can be sequential or collector.

What is the difference?

In the first case, the draw-off points are connected by tees with a single connection.Sequential (it is also tee) wiring is economical in terms of material consumption, but it has one drawback: if you open any tap to failure, the pressure will drop in the entire water supply system. For a member of your family taking a shower in the bathroom, a hot water tap in the kitchen will mean unplanned tempering procedures.

T-pipe connections for devices

Collector wiring (when each mixer is connected to the collector with its own supply) does not suffer from a pressure drop, but it has several other specific features:

Willy-nilly, it has to be made hidden (in strobes, false walls or a screed). Half a dozen parallel pipes - a very dubious decoration of the interior;

Leading to the collector eyeliners are hidden in the strobes

• Accordingly, collector wiring can be performed only at the stage of repair or construction;
• It is impossible to connect a new plumbing fixture to the collector without causing serious damage to the house.

For comparison - a tie-in into an open tee water supply

Typical plumbing layouts

Designers regularly develop new schemes for laying water supply systems from polypropylene. Each solution is implemented taking into account the financial capabilities of the customer and the characteristics of a particular facility.

In the apartment

Plumbing in apartments is usually carried out in the classical way. This is the same type of scheme for pipes with cold and hot water.

Water distribution in the apartment

For both options, the connection of the home network is carried out by inserting a pipeline outlet into the riser of a centralized highway. Then the installation is done:

• shut-off (cut-off) valve;
• coarse filter;
• pressure reducer;
• counter;
• check valve;
• fine filter;
• distribution manifold (comb).

The collector is necessary for uniform distribution of water on plumbing fixtures. In the presence of a comb, the liquid pressure will be the same in all simultaneously used mixers.

In a private house

In many cottages and other similar houses, autonomous water supply is organized. In such farms, the layout often differs from standard apartment solutions.

Water supply of a private house

Therefore, the distribution of polypropylene pipes with cold and hot water is often performed according to individually designed schemes. However, in any case, the principle of collector fluid distribution applies.

In private households, usually a boiler and / or boiler system involves the supply of exclusively cold water. In this case, the source can be either a central highway or a well, well or other available water source.

With this and other wiring of the water supply, shut-off valves are always installed next to each plumbing fixture. If an autonomous system is being laid, bypass lines must be installed near each water-consuming equipment.

The presence of valves and bypasses allows you to repair plumbing fixtures without stopping the network. Their installation also contributes to the rapid switching of an autonomous mode to a centralized supply and vice versa.

Installation rules

Before starting work, you need to draw up a diagram, mark on it all the necessary fittings and elements of the system (meters, filters, taps, etc.), put down the dimensions of the pipe sections between them. According to this scheme, we then consider what and how much is needed.

When purchasing a pipe, take it with some margin (a meter or two), fittings can be taken exactly according to the list. It does not hurt to agree on the possibility of a return or exchange. This may be necessary, since often in the process, the installation of a water supply system from polypropylene pipes throws up some surprises. They are mainly due to lack of experience, not to the material itself, and happen quite often even with masters.

Plastic clips take the same color

In addition to pipes and fittings, you will also need clips that attach everything to the walls. They are installed on the pipeline after 50 cm, as well as near the end of each branch. These clips are plastic, there are metal - staples and clamps with a rubber gasket.

For open laying of pipelines in technical rooms it is more convenient to use brackets, for better aesthetics - for open laying of pipes in the bathroom or in the kitchen - they use plastic clips of the same color as the pipes themselves.

Metal clamps are good in technical rooms

Now a little about assembly rules. The system itself can be assembled immediately by cutting pipe sections of the required length, constantly referring to the diagram. So it is more convenient to solder. But, with a lack of experience, this is fraught with errors - you must accurately measure and do not forget to add 15-18 millimeters (depending on the diameter of the pipes) that go into the fitting.

Therefore, it is more rational to draw a system on the wall, designate all fittings and elements. You can even attach them and trace the contours. This will make it easier to evaluate the system itself and identify shortcomings and errors, if any. This approach is more correct, as it gives greater accuracy.

Next, the pipes are cut as needed, fragments of several elements are connected on the floor or desktop.Then the finished fragment is set in place. This sequence of actions is the most rational.

And about how to quickly and correctly cut pipe sections of the desired length and not be mistaken.

Types of garden aqueduct

There are two ways to lay a pipeline in a country house - summer and seasonal (capital). Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Summer option

The method of ground installation of a water supply system in summer cottages is used to organize the irrigation of vegetable beds, berry bushes, and fruit trees. Ground water supply is used to supply a bathhouse, a summer kitchen, a garden house.

The seasonal plumbing system is a ground loop with long fittings at the branching point. If the site is used exclusively during the warm period, it is reasonable to lay pipes on the surface. Such a system is easy to dismantle for the winter to prevent theft of materials in the off-season.

On a note! To avoid damage to communications by agricultural equipment, summer water supply is laid on special supports.

The main convenience of seasonal polyethylene plumbing is its mobility. If necessary, the configuration can be changed in 10-15 minutes. It is enough to add or remove a few meters of pipe or run it in a different direction.

Irrigation system

Scheme

Temporary summer water supply at the dacha from HDPE pipes is assembled and disassembled with their own hands according to the principle of a children's designer.

Typical scheme of country water supply

The network diagram is drawn up with reference to a detailed site plan. The drawing marks the location of green spaces, water intake points, a house, a shower, a washbasin.

Important! Pipes are laid with a slope towards the water intake point. At the lowest point of the system provide for the installation of a drain valve

capital system

If the site is capitally equipped and used all year round, it is wise to spend time and money on installing a capital plumbing system. The principle of connecting elements in this case does not change. The difference lies in the additional installation of compressor equipment and the closed location. To equip a permanent water supply, communications are laid in trenches below the freezing depth of the soil.

Entering HDPE pipes into the house

Warming

The depth of soil freezing in different regions of the Russian Federation differs significantly. To avoid breaking communications at the time of sudden temperature fluctuations, it is recommended to insulate them.

For the insulation of a capital water supply system from HDPE in a summer cottage, the following materials are used:

1. Basalt insulation in the form of finished cylindrical modules.
2. Fiberglass cloth in rolls. You will need to buy roofing felt to protect the warm layer from getting wet.
3. Styrofoam. Reusable folding modules from two halves, which are used repeatedly, are mounted simply and quickly.

Insulation for pipes made of foamed polyethylene According to statistics, the depth of soil freezing in winter in Russia exceeds 1 meter. For clay and loam of Moscow and the region, this is ...

On a note! Water under high pressure does not freeze. If a receiver is installed in the system, there is no need for additional thermal insulation of the water supply.

In capital construction, when laying a pipeline to a shallow depth, a heating cable is laid parallel to the system and connected to a grounded power source.

Defrosting water and sewer pipes Russia is located in a harsh climatic region, so in winter and early spring there is a risk ...

How to choose?

Manufacturers offer several types of polyethylene pipes to choose from. First of all, products are distinguished by the type of transported medium.

For the production of gas pipes, special additives are used that change the composition of water. It is strictly forbidden to use gas pipes with yellow markings for the plumbing system!

To assemble the pipeline underground, two types of polyethylene are used:

1. HDPE PE 100, manufactured in accordance with GOST 18599-2001. Product diameter — 20 to 1200 mm. Such pipes are made black with a longitudinal blue stripe along the entire length.
2. HDPE PE PROSAFE, produced in accordance with GOST 18599-2001, TU 2248-012-54432486-2013, PAS 1075. Such pipes have an additional mineral protective sheath, 2 mm thick.

For the main line, blanks with a diameter of 40 mm are selected. For secondary - 20 mm or 25 mm.

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Why is it important to plan?

The meaning of installing water distribution is to supply water to plumbing fixtures, kitchen appliances, a washing machine and other devices. In the conditions of an ordinary apartment, this task does not seem too difficult. However, the configuration and layout of modern apartments is significantly different from the typical housing of past years. To supply water to all devices, sometimes you have to create a rather complex wiring. It is impossible to assemble it “on the go”, you need a well-thought-out plan or installation scheme.

It is recommended to do the following:

• carefully consider the placement of household and plumbing fixtures;
• measure the distance along the wall from the risers of hot and cold water to the points of installation of plumbing and other devices;
• draw up a drawing (on a scale), where all pipe sizes are indicated, fittings and locking devices are marked.

Such a plan will help you think through the installation process, more accurately calculate the number of fittings and other components. The ability to visually examine the wiring diagram of the water supply network will make it possible to correct errors, provide hidden installation of pipes for the convenience of subsequent finishing. According to the drawing, a specification is drawn up, which indicates the number of pipes, fittings, valves and other wiring components. This will allow you to immediately purchase the right amount of materials and proceed with the installation.

Accounting and control

The selection and accounting unit consists of a shut-off valve, a coarse filter, a water meter and a check valve. Assembled as shown in the picture. Each of the devices indicates the direction of the water flow for it, it must be observed during assembly.

Selective-accounting water supply unit, assembly

The assembly is assembled with waterproofing of the joints with FUM tape and is also connected to the riser, having previously blocked the water; Remember to close the shut-off valve before supplying water. This is the only operation, and a short one, that requires turning off the water supply to the neighbors in the riser.

Separate meter units are needed for cold and hot water. It is highly desirable that the counters and valve handles be highlighted in color. The meter readings should be clearly readable without any additional operations (hatch removal, etc.), so it is often necessary to pre-assemble a part of an integral pipeline, sometimes of a rather bizarre configuration, to connect metering devices to the riser.In addition to pipes and a soldering iron, for this you will need transitional couplings from plastic to metal MPV - a threaded inner coupling. Plastic is connected to metering units using MRN - external threaded couplings.

The meters are sold sealed, but this does not mean that you can immediately call the water utility and pay for water according to consumption. The factory seal is for this (the Russian land is rich in craftsmen) so that no one gets into the meter and twists or files anything there. The factory seal must be protected; without it, the meter is considered unusable, as well as without a certificate for it.

When installing water meters, you need to declare to the water utility and call its inspector. You can use water before he arrives, the inspector does not need zero readings, he will write down the initial ones, seal the meter and drain the filter with his seal. Payment for water consumption will go after registration of metering devices.

HMS, aquastop, filter

Although the design of the HMS is non-separable and does not allow stealing water with its help, and this device is not subject to sealing, connecting the HMS to the meter is unacceptable: the meter impeller can become clogged with sludge. HMS with a flask filter is connected after metering devices; filter - immediately after HMS. An aquastop can be connected immediately after the filter, but if it is electrodynamic, the magnetic field of the HMS can cause its false operation, but it makes no sense to attribute the aquastop far from the riser: it does not react to a breakthrough before it.

Connection of a pumping station

The pump or pumping station is installed in a caisson above the well, basement or outbuilding next to the well. This equipment is sensitive to severe frosts, so it must be insulated, and even better in a heated place.

Otherwise, there is a risk that the water inside it and nearby pipes will simply freeze.
It is also possible to install a submersible pump directly into the well.

However, pressure switches and other automation will still need some kind of insulated space in the borehole head or room in the house for them to work properly.

Schematic diagram of the connection of the pumping station