Calculation of electricity consumption from an average electric boiler

What are the power requirements to pay attention to?

Before connecting the electric boiler, it is necessary to pay attention to the requirements for the electrical network

1. How many watts of voltage can the current network of your house withstand. In particular, the voltage in rural areas is not 210-230 V, but only 150-180 V. Specific types of imported boilers at this voltage may simply not start.
2. What power is assigned to your series of houses or to the village in which you live. For example, if your dacha partnership includes 60 houses, and electricity is allocated at the rate of 5 kW per house, then during the installation of a boiler with a capacity of 30 kW, you will certainly have disagreements with your neighbors.How much power is allocated to your house? Modern dacha associations very often put a 10-12 kW machine in order to avoid quarrels with their neighbors.
3. It is worth checking the current condition of the transformer installed in your village. In some cases, it is necessary to pull certain wires to connect the electric boiler.
4. Find out what powerful electrical appliances your neighbors have, whether their total power will drop below that allocated for the house.

If all requirements are met, you can install an electric boiler or a convector. The energy consumption to provide heating of 1 m 3 of volume is used by an electric boiler and a convector approximately equal.

How to reduce energy costs?

We will proceed from the fact that, firstly, the consumption of electricity directly depends on the heat output of the heating boiler. And, secondly, most of the electricity consumed is taken by the circulation pump, which drives the coolant in the pipes so that the pipes and heating radiators warm up evenly.

The boiler, as a rule, always works at night from 23:00 to 06:00. Use a multi-tariff electricity meter, reduced rates apply at night

Let's name a number of specific proposals for those who would still like to reduce energy costs:

Stop the choice on a non-volatile unit. Most likely, it will be an outdoor version. In terms of functionality and comfort, alas, it is not able to compete with its volatile analog models.
Buy a volatile device, but low power. Here, of course, there is a significant limitation - one cannot ignore the number of heated square meters.If, for example, it is necessary to heat 180-200 m² of a private house, then a gas boiler is needed with a capacity of 20-24 kW. And nothing less.
Carefully study the assortment lines of different brands. Each model has its own nuances and, perhaps, for some of them you will see the most attractive figures for power consumption in the technical specifications.
Analyze what makes up the total cost of electricity

Perhaps the share of these costs attributable to a gas boiler is negligible, and it is necessary to switch attention to other objects that really consume excessive electricity.
And how do you use alternative energy - for example, solar panels or collectors on the roof of the house?

And yet, in the pursuit of saving electricity, do not bring your own actions to the point of absurdity. Do not forget that gas units consume little electricity, since their main fuel resource is not electricity, but natural or liquefied gas.

Calculation of the main consumers of electricity

Every home uses a variety of household appliances - from electronic clocks to dishwashers. They all consume electricity, and you need to be able to calculate the values ​​​​for power from a single-phase or three-phase network. The final amount will depend on the standard and the tariff established in the country.

Washing machine

This device belongs to powerful household appliances. The average power is 2000 watts. At one time, the machine works for about an hour and a half. Accordingly, 2000 × 1.5 = 3000 W of energy or 3 kW will be consumed for one wash. This number is multiplied by the number of washes. For example, a person does 10 washes per month - the machine will use 3 * 10 = 30 kW of electricity.When multiplied by the rate, you get the cost that the owner must pay to the service provider.

Energy consumption will also be calculated depending on the weight of the laundry and the selected mode. The operating time of the device also depends on these indicators. A significant part of the energy is spent on heating water.

Television

As with a computer monitor, the power consumption of a TV depends on the size of the screen. The design of the device also has an impact. Old TVs powered by a cathode ray tube require 60-100 watts, LCD models about 150-250 watts, plasma models 300-400 watts.

Standby operation also consumes power. This is because a red light will be on the screen, which also requires power. For devices based on a cathode ray tube, 2-3 watts are required, for modern TVs 4-6 watts.

Fridge

This is a device that works without interruption 24 hours a day, seven days a week. But depending on the time of year, the amount of electricity needed will be different. In winter, work requires about 2 times less electricity than in summer.

Refrigerators are separated into energy classes. Products with low energy consumption consume energy approximately equal to the volume of the device in liters. A device with a volume of 250 liters requires an average of 250 kW per year. The exact value can be found in the documentation for the refrigerator.

Kettle, iron, stove

An electric kettle on average requires 1.5-2.5 kWh of energy. The water heats up in about 4 minutes, i.e. this energy will be spent for 15 times. Approximately the same power is consumed by the iron, but it depends on the mode of operation. The maximum load is required for initial heating.An electric stove is a powerful device; it requires approximately 3 kWh of energy to operate.

Microwave

The amount of electricity consumed depends on the volume, equipment, operating modes. Fast heating requires 0.9 kWh, defrosting 0.2-0.4 kWh. The volume of food also affects the power - a large portion will require a large load.

Warm floor

Electricity consumption for underfloor heating depends on the type and quality of thermal insulation, operating mode, room size, climatic conditions, type of coating and other important criteria. If the floor is the only and main source of heating, then about 0.2 kWh of energy will be spent per 1 square meter. To maintain a comfortable temperature in the room, 0.1-0.16 kWh of electricity per 1 sq.m. will be consumed. To calculate the monthly cost of a warm floor, multiply the consumption by 1 sq.m. on the area of ​​the room, hours of operation and the number of days per month. For a more accurate determination, you can use a wattmeter. It is connected to the outlet and to the electrical receiver.

Scheme 2: according to housing characteristics

The electric boiler does not always exactly match the needs of the house for thermal energy. Often its power is selected with a margin. Here are some examples of such scenarios:

The double-circuit device provides the house with hot water;

The power of the double-circuit boiler is redundant, since it must provide the house with hot water. Including during the heating season.

• It is planned to add additional rooms to the house with the connection of heating devices in them to the existing circuit;
• The region is characterized by rare but severe frosts, and the heating system is designed specifically for them.

In the photo - winter Sevastopol. Even in warm regions, there are severe frosts. The heating system has to be designed with a margin of safety.

If the boiler power is obviously excessive, you will have to focus not on it, but on the actual heat consumption of the house. Most precisely, it can be calculated using the formula Q \u003d V * Dt * k / 860.

The variables in this formula, from left to right:

• Power consumption (kW);
• The volume of the room to be heated. It is indicated in SI units - cubic meters;

The volume of a room is equal to the product of its three dimensions.

• Difference between indoor temperature and outdoor temperature;
• warming factor.

Where to take the last two parameters?

The temperature delta is taken equal to the difference between the sanitary norm for the room and the coldest five days of winter.

You can take sanitary standards for residential premises from this table:

Description	Temperature norm, С
A room in the center of the house, the lower winter temperature is above -31C	18
A room in the center of the house, the lower winter temperature is below -31C	20
Corner or end room, lower winter temperature above -31C	20
Corner or end room, lower winter temperature below -31C	22

Sanitary temperature standards for non-residential rooms and common areas.

And here is the temperature of the coldest five-day period for some cities of our great and immense:

City	Value, C
Khabarovsk	-29
Surgut	-43
Smolensk	-25
St. Petersburg	-24
Saratov	-25
Petrozavodsk	-28
Permian	-25
Eagle	-25
Omsk	-37
Novosibirsk	-37
Murmansk	-30
Moscow	-25
Magadan	-29
Kemerovo	-39
Kazan	-31
Irkutsk	-33
Yekaterinburg	-32
Volgograd	-22
Vladivostok	-23
Vladimir	-28
Verkhoyansk	-58
Bryansk	-24
Barnaul	-36
Astrakhan	-21
Arkhangelsk	-33

Distribution of winter temperatures across the territory of Russia.

The insulation coefficient can be selected from the following range of values:

• House with insulated facade and triple glazing - 0.6-0.9;
• Walls in two bricks without insulation and double glazing - 1-1.9;
• Brick walls and windows glazed in one thread - 2 - 2.9.

Example

Let's calculate with our own hands the energy consumption for heating during the month for the following conditions:

House size: 6x8x3 meters.

Climatic zone: Sevastopol, Crimean peninsula (the temperature of the coldest five-day period is -11C).

Insulation: single glass, high thermal conductivity walls made of rubble stone half a meter thick.

A rubble house with single glazing requires intensive heating in winter.

	We calculate the volume. 8*6*3=144 m3.
	We calculate the temperature difference. The sanitary norm for a private house (warm region, all rooms are end or corner) is 20C, the temperature of the coldest five days of winter is -11. Delta - 20 - -11 = 33C.
	We select the coefficient of insulation. Thick rubble walls with its high thermal conductivity and single glazing give it a value of around 2.0.
	Substitute the values ​​into the formula. Q=144*33*2/860=11 (with rounding) kilowatts.

We also went through the technique of further calculations:

• The boiler will consume an average of 5.5 * 24 = 132 kWh per day;
• In a month, he will use 132 * 30 = 3960 kilowatt-hours of electricity.

Switching to a two-tariff meter will allow you to somewhat reduce heating costs.

How much does an electric boiler consume

Electric boilers are installed in houses for heating and water heating. However, behind the simplicity of the design and ease of operation lies a high power consumption.Models of electric boilers differ in power, design, number of circuits and the method of heating the coolant (heating elements, electrode or induction heating). Double-circuit boilers are used for heating and water heating. Boiler models are more economical than flow models.

The boiler is selected on on the basis of the required power, which it must have in order to provide heating of premises of a given area. When calculating, it should be taken into account that kW is the minimum power of the device required to heat 10 sq.m. of the room area. Additionally, climatic conditions, the presence of additional insulation, the condition of doors, windows, floors and the presence of cracks in them, the thermal conductivity of the walls are taken into account.

Note! The final power of the electric boiler is influenced by the method of heating the coolant, while the electrode devices are able to heat a large area, while spending less electricity.

To determine the electricity consumption of an electric boiler, it is necessary to calculate the mode of its operation. It should be borne in mind that the device will operate at full capacity for half the season. The duration of his work per day is taken into account. Thus, to determine the total electricity consumption per day, it is necessary to multiply the number of hours by the power of the device.

Double-circuit boilers consume electricity both in winter and in summer.

To reduce the cost of energy consumption of the boiler, a two-phase meter should be installed, according to which the calculation of electricity at night is carried out at a reduced rate.It will also save the use of an automatic control device for electrical appliances, which will control the operation of the device based on the time of day.

Is it possible to save?

If the calculations of how many kilowatts an electric boiler consumes gave you too high numbers and you want to somehow reduce costs, there are opportunities for this. Even a few.

In many regions of Russia, there are already two tariffs for heating with electricity at different times. So in Moscow, the price from 23:00 to 7:00 is three times lower than during the day. Accordingly, you can significantly save by installing a two-tariff meter. For example, during the day you can use a third of the power, and at night it is stronger to warm up a private house or apartment.

Good help to save automatic control devices for electrical appliances. Their task is to use more electricity at night at favorable rates, and to minimize consumption during the day.

Not bad helps to save on heating installation of a circulation pump. Thanks to him, the speed of movement of the coolant increases, the difference between the supply and return temperatures decreases, and reheating requires less time and electricity. But the pump itself also costs money.

In general, modern models of electric boilers initially help to save. They are equipped with progressive automation, which, in addition to increasing safety, is designed to maintain the set temperature in the premises, reducing the power of the heating equipment when necessary.

We also note that heating with an electric boiler on an ongoing basis is costly.

It does not matter which boiler is used: an electric boiler, a converter boiler or an electric heater.It takes a lot of electricity to generate heat. In addition, there are a number of additional hassles that you will encounter during installation:

In addition, there are a number of additional hassles that you will encounter during installation:

• the need to obtain or prepare a special package of documents: electrical design, technical specifications, etc.;
• careful organization of grounding for safe use;
• installation of a cable for distributing new wiring, connecting housing;
• installation of a new counter.

The price of all events will depend on the selected equipment and other factors. Plus, it is not recommended to do the installation yourself. If you need to install an electric boiler and other elements of the heating system, please contact Profteplo. We carry out installation, service, regular maintenance of boilers of all types in Kaluga and the region. We can also calculate how much electricity does it consume heating boiler in your case, and offer savings options. If you have any questions or you are ready to use our service, please call +7 (4842) 75 02 04.

Ways to reduce energy consumption

Electric heating is the most profitable, which is proved by the calculation.

To reduce heating costs, it is recommended to use the following tips:

• The easiest way is to insulate the house. A lot of heat is wasted through old windows, which are often not sealed tightly. Modern plastic windows with several air chambers significantly reduce heating costs. The walls are insulated with various materials with low thermal conductivity - polystyrene foam, mineral wool, etc. There is also a need to insulate the foundation and roof.
• Multi-tariff payment.Peak loads occur during the periods from 08:00 to 11:00 and from 20:00 to 22:00. Therefore, it is advantageous for the boiler to operate at night, when energy consumption, and hence its price, is minimal.
• Installation of injection equipment to accelerate the movement of the coolant. As a result, the hot coolant will contact the boiler walls for a minimum time, which allows using the heat source for a longer time.
• Installation of additional heating devices powered by fuel.
• The use of ventilation with a heat exchanger. This device will return almost all the heat that leaves with the heated air during the ventilation of the premises. When using a system of sufficient power, it is not necessary to open windows for ventilation at all. At the same time, the humidity and purity of the air will be maintained at an optimal level.

A hundred years ago, the consumer did not have to choose a heating system. It was either coal or firewood. Plus, a stoker was needed, whose duties were most often performed by the owner of the house. Currently, a large number of different energy carriers have appeared. Depending on the selected energy source, one or another equipment can be selected. However, how to choose an affordable source with a long-term perspective? Let's try to figure this out.

Let's take as a basis a residential building with an area of ​​100 square meters. If this house is insulated in accordance with the norms of SNIP, then its energy loss at the minimum outdoor temperature for this region should not exceed 100 W per 1 sq. square meter per hour. Accordingly, we need a heat source that allows us to produce 10 kW of thermal energy in order to compensate for these energy losses.Note that this figure does not depend on the choice of heating system, but is determined solely by the design of the building. Further, we will agree that the heating season lasts 5 months or 150 days. During the heating season there are both cold and warm days. Therefore, we will accept one more condition - the average energy loss at home during the heating season will be equal to half of the maximum (which, however, is practically true). Thus, during the heating season, our house will require:

Q \u003d 150 * 24 * 5 \u003d 18000 kilowatts.

So, consider the following types of energy carriers:

1. Electricity
2. Electricity with a two-tariff meter
3. Electricity with a two-tariff meter and a heat accumulator
4. Main gas
5. bottled gas
6. Gas from gas tank
7. Diesel fuel
8. Firewood
9. Coal
10. Pellets
11. Heat pump
12. Heat pump with two-tariff meter

In passing, we note that the calculation of the cost of heating was made at the prices of the Moscow Region at the end of March 2012. Naturally, these figures may differ depending on the region and time period.

For those who do not want to delve into the details, here is the final table of heating costs:

Heat carrier type	unit of measurement	price	consumption per season	total heating costs, rub.
Electricity	kWh	2r.37k.	18000	42660
Electricity with a two-tariff meter	kWh	2r.37k/92k.	18000	38160
Electricity with a two-tariff meter and a heat accumulator			18000	16560
Main gas	cube meter.	3r.30k.	1821	6012
Bottled gas, gas from a gas tank (liquefied gas)	liter	16 p.	2958	47340
Diesel fuel	liter	25 rub. 50k.	1976	50400
Firewood	cube meter	1350 r.	11	15840
Coal	kilogram	9r. 50k.	2046	19440
Pellets	kilogram	10 p.	4176	41760
Heat pump		79k. (47.4 k.)		14220 (8532)
Heat pump with two-tariff meter		from 18k.up to 91k.	18000	12756 (7632)

in green
prices for little-used, but quite profitable heating systems are highlighted in red
highlighted prices for frequently used, but rather meaningless from the point of view of the economy, energy carriers

Calculation examples. The easiest ways

An efficiency close to 100 percent can only boast of an electric heating boiler. Throughout the life of the device, this indicator will remain stable, the numbers confirm this. The level may change, but the difference will remain small, it all depends on the specific conditions.

About 30-35 kW is the waste of electricity to heat one cubic meter. The thermal insulation of the structure can affect this parameter, but not to a significant extent. The power of the heating boiler should be 15 kW if the house is heated on 150 sq.m.2 and with a room height of three meters. Using this formula, it is easy to calculate the power of an electric heating boiler. When the device is just purchased, it is best to calculate in advance so that there is a small margin. The calculation is easy to do.

If there is not enough power, the temperature in the room will decrease. It is much more difficult to compensate for such a disadvantage than simply putting the device on a weak operating mode. And the calculation of the boiler will not help. You will either have to install additional equipment for heating, or insulate the building itself.

There are a number of important rules here:

• The power of an electric heating boiler must be known in order to calculate the annual need for electricity.
• The resource usage for a cauldron can be known for the entire season if the total price for its use is known.
• The calculation will be like this. The resulting value is divided by two. An electric boiler simply cannot work at full load all the time. The operation of the boiler is not so necessary during the thaw period.
• To get the same figure, but for a month, we simply multiply the final figure by 30. This process is not something very complicated.

It is generally accepted that we need heating with a boiler for seven months. Depending on climatic conditions, this information can be adjusted. The monthly electricity consumption must be multiplied by the duration of the heating period to get the result for the whole year. But you should not consider it as accurate as possible, the difference in reality can be up to 15-20 percent, even the most accurate approach will not save you from errors.

Often the calculation is made on the basis that each consumer needs about 3 kW. But in practice, such a power of boilers cannot cope with the loads. This is especially true for regions with a cold climate, where the energy consumption of the boiler may increase.

Rice. 3 Convenient parameter adjustment

Calculation of the heating boiler power by area

For an approximate assessment of the required performance of a thermal unit, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises is sufficient. In the simplest version for central Russia, it is believed that 1 kW of power can heat 10 m 2 of area. If you have a house with an area of ​​160m2, the boiler power for heating it is 16kW.

These calculations are approximate, because neither the height of the ceilings nor the climate are taken into account. To do this, there are coefficients derived empirically, with the help of which appropriate adjustments are made.

The indicated rate - 1 kW per 10 m 2 is suitable for ceilings 2.5-2.7 m.If you have higher ceilings in the room, you need to calculate the coefficients and recalculate. To do this, divide the height of your premises by the standard 2.7 m and get a correction factor.

Calculating the power of a heating boiler by area - the easiest way

For example, the ceiling height is 3.2m. We consider the coefficient: 3.2m / 2.7m \u003d 1.18 rounded up, we get 1.2. It turns out that for heating a room of 160m 2 with a ceiling height of 3.2m, a heating boiler with a capacity of 16kW * 1.2 = 19.2kW is required. They usually round up, so 20kW.

To take into account climatic features, there are ready-made coefficients. For Russia they are:

• 1.5-2.0 for northern regions;
• 1.2-1.5 for regions near Moscow;
• 1.0-1.2 for the middle band;
• 0.7-0.9 for the southern regions.

If the house is located in the middle lane, just south of Moscow, a coefficient of 1.2 is applied (20kW * 1.2 \u003d 24kW), if in the south of Russia in the Krasnodar Territory, for example, a coefficient of 0.8, that is, less power is required (20kW * 0 ,8=16kW).

Calculation of heating and selection of a boiler is an important stage. Find the wrong power and you can get this result ...

These are the main factors to be considered. But the values ​​found are valid if the boiler will only work for heating. If you also need to heat water, you need to add 20-25% of the calculated figure. Then you need to add a "margin" for peak winter temperatures. That's another 10%. In total we get:

• For home heating and hot water in the middle lane 24kW + 20% = 28.8kW. Then the reserve for cold weather is 28.8 kW + 10% = 31.68 kW. We round up and get 32kW. When compared with the original figure of 16kW, the difference is two times.
• House in the Krasnodar Territory. We add power for heating hot water: 16kW + 20% = 19.2kW.Now the "reserve" for the cold is 19.2 + 10% \u003d 21.12 kW. Rounding up: 22kW. The difference is not so striking, but also quite decent.

It can be seen from the examples that it is necessary to take into account at least these values. But it is obvious that in calculating the power of the boiler for a house and an apartment, there should be a difference. You can go the same way and use coefficients for each factor. But there is an easier way that allows you to make corrections in one go.

When calculating a heating boiler for a house, a coefficient of 1.5 is applied. It takes into account the presence of heat loss through the roof, floor, foundation. It is valid with an average (normal) degree of wall insulation - laying in two bricks or building materials similar in characteristics.

For apartments, different rates apply. If there is a heated room (another apartment) on top, the coefficient is 0.7, if a heated attic is 0.9, if an unheated attic is 1.0. It is necessary to multiply the boiler power found by the method described above by one of these coefficients and get a fairly reliable value.

To demonstrate the course of calculations, we will perform gas power calculation heating boiler for an apartment of 65m 2 with 3m ceilings, which is located in central Russia.

1. We determine the required power by area: 65m 2 / 10m 2 \u003d 6.5 kW.
2. We make a correction for the region: 6.5 kW * 1.2 = 7.8 kW.
3. The boiler will heat the water, so we add 25% (we like it hotter) 7.8 kW * 1.25 = 9.75 kW.
4. We add 10% for cold: 7.95 kW * 1.1 = 10.725 kW.

Now we round the result and get: 11 kW.

The specified algorithm is valid for the selection of heating boilers for any type of fuel.The calculation of the power of an electric heating boiler will not differ in any way from the calculation of a solid fuel, gas or liquid fuel boiler. The main thing is the performance and efficiency of the boiler, and heat losses do not change depending on the type of boiler. The whole question is how to spend less energy. And this is the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwarming.