What is forced ventilation and how to equip it correctly

Fans

Fans can be installed in any room. The number and power of devices depends on the footage of the room and its needs for air exchange. Fans are installed in the openings of exhaust ducts, in windows or walls with an outlet to the street.

Fans are exhaust and supply, with low, medium and high power. The devices require electricity to operate.

The cost of fans is not very high. The shape and size is selected individually, depending on where the installation is planned. You can install the fan in the ventilation duct yourself. Installing the device in the wall is more difficult, you need to punch a hole to fit. If there is no special tool, you will need the help of builders.

Bathroom ventilation system in a private house

When equipping the ventilation system with your own hands in the bathroom, it must be borne in mind that during the use of the bathroom, excess humidity occurs there, condensation appears.Metal parts and elements on which condensate collects in the bathroom begin to rust.

The bathroom ventilation scheme must be provided for in the project. It involves the installation of a ventilation shaft, the entrance to which from the side of the bath is closed with a grate. Supply air can enter the bathroom through open windows and a gap between the door and the floor. Natural ventilation will ensure optimal humidity and temperature in the bathroom.

On a note! If the bathroom is located on the second or third floor of the house, forced ventilation is used to eliminate moisture and condensation. This system uses a fan.
Diagram of the movement of air flows inside the room.

The combined bathrooms and toilets use sewer ventilation in a private house. There are several options for installing ventilation pipes for such premises. One of them is to run a ventilation pipe along the wall of the house. Such a pipe will look like a drain pipe. The length of the ventilation pipe must be such that its beginning is higher than the roof covering. It is recommended to use a pipe diameter of 11 cm. Full and detailed instructions can be found in the video materials on installing ventilation in bathrooms.

Features of natural supply and exhaust ventilation

Unlike structures with artificial generation, natural ventilation systems use the existing air flow from the living rooms to the kitchen and bathroom. The movement takes place along the corridors, which act as flowing spaces. It is possible to equip such ventilation even inside houses with a non-standard layout.

The overall air movement does not change

The main ventilation unit is placed on the upper central part of the house. When laying pipes, it is taken into account that clean air must enter the living rooms, and be discharged through the utility rooms and the kitchen. Supply air ducts are located on the border of living rooms, and exhaust elements inside the utility room, bathroom, kitchen.

Diffusers (the outer part of the duct) are made of plastic, thin sheet metal. They act as a distributor of clean air and exhaust air. The outer outlet of the pipeline is placed higher than the roof is arranged. This prevents the secondary intake of waste mass.

This is the most financially affordable, the oldest and easiest type of ventilation to install. Its efficiency depends on the difference between the external and internal air temperatures, atmospheric pressure parameters, wind direction and stable intake of supply air into the room. To comply with the latter condition, efforts will have to be made: keeping the window constantly open is not the best option. For this purpose, it is now accepted to use window or wall inlet valves. Repair and maintenance of natural ventilation systems is not difficult and comes down to the timely cleaning of ventilation ducts and supply valves.

Definition and severity of the problem

Ventilation is understood as a specially organized movement of air masses. It is necessary to create comfortable and healthy living conditions for a person. In general, the system is very complex in the calculation. There are simply no standard solutions that suit everyone or at least a certain group of users. Each project is individual. Even the location of one grid, the fan, plays a role. A lot depends on the position of the house relative to the wind rose and many more little things. In order for self-designed ventilation to work well, you need to seriously understand.

Ventilation is an organized exchange of air masses, during which the exhaust air is replaced with fresh air.

For you to understand how serious it is

According to sanitary standards, one person at rest processes about 30 cubic meters of air per hour. If the air is not renewed, there will be less and less oxygen, and more and more carbon dioxide and other waste products. As the amount of oxygen decreases, well-being worsens. Prolonged lack of oxygen provokes the development of diseases.

A few figures, physiologists, showing the effect of CO2 carbon dioxide levels on a person's condition:

• High quality air - up to 800 ppm, cheerfulness, perfect well-being.

• Medium quality air - 800 - 1000 ppm. At the upper limit, half of the people feel drowsiness, lethargy, decreased concentration and deterioration in the quality and speed of information processing.

• Low quality air - 1000-1400 ppm. Lethargy, lethargy, problems with information processing, a feeling of "stuffiness".
• Air unfit for life - ppm above 1400. Inability to concentrate, severe drowsiness, fatigue, sleep problems, dry mucous membranes.

Physiologists consider the content of carbon dioxide in the air at the level of 1400 ppm - the lowest point for relatively normal human functioning. All indicators with a large amount of carbon dioxide are already beyond.

illustrative example

To assess the severity of the situation without ventilation, here is a graph of CO2 levels. It was filmed as an experiment. To assess how much ventilation is needed in a modern house / apartment with plastic windows and thermal insulation measures taken.

Experiment conditions. Bedroom 13 squares (37 cubes), one person and one medium sized dog. The house has exhaust ventilation, a riser in the kitchen and in the boiler room. An exhaust fan is installed in the boiler room, which runs half the night and half the day on a timer. There is no supply, fresh air access through windows that have the function of ventilation and micro-ventilation.

Graph of carbon dioxide levels in a bedroom with a closed window and closed doors

Information to explain the graph:

• Point 1. From 20:00 - work at the computer, the doors are ajar, the window is closed.
• Point 2. The window was opened, the doors were ajar, everyone left the room.
• Between 1-2 they returned to the room, the window was closed, then opened. All this can be tracked by fluctuations in CO2 levels.
• Point 3. At 3-35 the doors and the window are closed, the man and the dog are sleeping.
• Point 4. 9-20 am, the man woke up. The level of CO2 is 2600 ppm, which is well below the extreme norm. The window was opened, carbon dioxide levels returned to normal in less than an hour (Point 5).

As you can see from the graph, most of the night passes with very high concentrations of carbon dioxide.This can be the cause of fatigue, poor health in the morning. In general, everything is clear. If you wish, you can conduct a similar experiment yourself. Only a weather station with the ability to measure the level of carbon dioxide (with memory) is required. Looking at the results of the experiment, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of the ventilation system. Let's understand how it works.

Forced ventilation

It should be noted that there is also forced exhaust ventilation, which differs from forced supply ventilation only in that the fan is installed on the exhaust. There is another option that bears the name - a forced supply and exhaust scheme. This is when the fans are installed on both the air supply and the exhaust. This system is more often used in private housing construction. In apartments - either exhaust or supply air. Although it should be noted that today manufacturers of ventilation equipment offer various novelties in the form of air handling units for apartments. They are compact, efficient, but not cheap.

Since the topic of the article is the supply ventilation of the apartment, we will consider this particular option. As mentioned above, the supply circuit is the presence of a fan. Therefore, there are air valves on the market, inside which small fans are installed. The photo below shows two types of such devices: with a cylindrical channel shape and rectangular.

Two types of air valves with fans inside

In principle, the process of installing such a valve from the previous one is no different:

• it is also necessary to make a through hole with a puncher and a crown;
• install a cylindrical valve in it;
• fill the space between the device and the walls of the hole with mounting foam;
• connect the fan to the power supply;
• install a cover from the side of the street that will protect the hole from the penetration of birds and small animals, debris and dirt;
• a decorative grille is installed on the inside of the damper, with which you can adjust the power and direction of the incoming air flow.

Forced ventilation in an apartment is not only about installing valves with fans inside. There are several options for organizing this type of ventilation system.

Air conditioner with forced ventilation for an apartment

Conventional air conditioners work like this: the air from the room is driven through a filter, then through a heat exchanger, where it is cooled, and then it is driven back into the room. That is, the air masses are cleaned, cooled, but do not become fresh, saturated with oxygen.

Today, air conditioner manufacturers offer models in which small fans are installed as a separate element, with their help fresh air is driven into the rooms of the apartment. The design features of installing fans for each manufacturer vary greatly, but the meaning is the same for everyone. The fan is connected to the street by an air duct, which is passed through the same channel as all the communications of the split system.

It is necessary to indicate that the fan itself can be installed outdoors or inside the house. on the body of the indoor unit of the air conditioner. The photo below shows the first option with the installation of a fan on the street, which is connected to a room in the apartment with a hose.

Air conditioning with fresh air from outside

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

This video clearly shows the device and principle of operation of supply ventilation, as well as its difference from the natural ventilation of premises:

Here you can see an overview of the “Eco-freshness” air handling unit:

Fresh air ventilation is a great way to provide your home with fresh air and create a favorable microclimate in it. All the efforts and costs of creating such a system will fully pay off, since the health of all residents of the house depends on proper ventilation.

Share with readers your experience in improving the efficiency of supply ventilation. Please leave comments on the article and ask your questions. The feedback form is located below.