An example of the operation of a private sewer with a pump

Mounting factors

• bends;
• Ground water level;
• Turns.

Sewerage of any type is equipped with treatment facilities.

Any sewer is placed under a slope. If it is necessary to change the slope level, then it is necessary to build on the indicators of the pipe section. In individual cases, manholes or pumps are installed.

Compound

Wells are structures that are divided by purpose. And they are: drainage, perepannye, rotary, viewing. Wells are usually equipped with brackets so that specialists can go down for repairs, as well as hatches with covers.

Outlets to water intakes are structures that provide free discharge of sewage from pipelines into a tank.

Collectors - are underground tunnels, which are made in the form of pipes of large diameter, through which wastewater moves to the final destination.

Local sewage treatment plants are installations that are used to discharge and treat wastewater. Such facilities include biological treatment plants. The number of serviced houses depends on the productivity and size of the structure.

Pumping stations are units that are installed at separate facilities that need a dosed supply of wastewater.

The drawing is the head of everything

A sewerage project, completed in accordance with all the rules, and providing the most optimal way of water disposal for a private house. But homeowners do not always seek to seek help from specialists, but prefer to resolve the issue on their own.

Where do you need to start if you want to make a sewer with your own hands? Of course from the drawing. But in order to do it right, you need to choose the right scheme that matches the real conditions, and understand how the system should function.

Sample sewerage scheme

What you need to know before designing

To design a system, you need to answer the following questions:

• Is it possible to connect to the city highway, will it only be necessary to collect sewage waste, or is it also necessary to organize their cleaning?
• How much wastewater will be recycled? It depends both on the number and seasonality of people living in the house, and on the availability and variety of water points.

Figure for clarity - water consumption per day

• You should find out the depth to which the soil freezes through. This is necessary for the proper deepening of the sewer outlet.
• GWL - the mark at which the groundwater mirror is located (read the article on how engineering and geological surveys are carried out). If they are located high, a sewerage system can also be built on the plot to collect storm drains.
• It is necessary to assess whether the topography of the site contributes to the fact that drains can merge by gravity. Otherwise, you will have to use a fecal pump, and you need to immediately determine the place where it should be installed.

How to make a sewer in a private house if you have to use a pump

• When installing treatment facilities, you need to immediately decide on their type, consider the possibility of access to sewage equipment (read the article on how to pump out and clean septic tanks).
• It is necessary to accurately establish the type of soil in the area, in accordance with which a decision is made either on the construction of a drainage well, filtration trenches or fields.
• It is required to draw a diagram indicating all types of plumbing equipment. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the option of laying the pipeline: inside the floor or on the surface, in order to understand whether any dismantling work will have to be done.

What is the purpose of the internal network wiring diagram? First of all, in order to correctly calculate the amount of necessary materials and accurately determine their location in the system.

Related: Unforgivable Mistakes when distributing communications: describe in general terms

How to choose the right sewer pump

After familiarizing yourself with all existing types and subtypes of pumps, you should choose the most optimal option.

It is important to pay attention to a few points before buying:

1. Unit quality and performance.
2. The material it's made from.
3. Price.
4. The presence of a grinder.
5. What is the purpose of this device?

The quality of the unit and performance is of great importance - these characteristics show how much fecal matter the unit can pump over in a certain time. The lowest figure is 5 cubes in 60 minutes. The largest is 48. For a private house, the average is suitable - 9-13 square meters in 60 minutes.

The presence of a grinder also plays an important role when choosing an apparatus. If there is debris in the wastewater, it is better to buy a pump with a chopper and a mesh.

The following is also taken into account when choosing a unit:

• maximum head and lifting height;
• working temperature;
• availability of automation;
• power supply and housing material.

Additionally, you can purchase a remote control, as well as an automatic system. It all depends on the wishes of the buyer. For an additional price, you can increase the functionality of the unit.

Maximum head and lift height

The head determines the maximum lifting height. There is a vertical and horizontal pressure line. To calculate the maximum head, calculate the horizontal distance, divide by 10, then plus this figure with the length of the footage vertically from edge to pump motor.

But before you calculate a certain figure, you should consider a few nuances:

• water temperature;
• the amount and size of impurities in the liquid;
• pipe material and diameter;
• Atmosphere pressure;
• the speed of movement of fecal masses in pipes.

You should contact a specialist if there is no sewer drain scheme.It will help you choose the best option so as not to make a mistake in the diameter of the pipe or engine power.

Working temperature

Sewer units are divided into two types:

1. For cold water.
2. For hot water.

If only low-temperature water is poured into the drain pit, the first option is considered optimal. Moreover, it has a lower cost than devices for hot liquids. Usually, hot liquid enters the sewer only in emergency situations. One of which is an emergency discharge from the heating system.

Availability of automation

The presence of automation turns the pump motor on and off independently. You don't need to do this manually. Ideally, the pump set should include the following:

• float;
• grinder;
• thermal relay.

The float is able to determine the liquid level in the drains, when the water drains to a minimum, the engine automatically turns off. The grinder acts as a self-cleaning system. The thermostat regulates the temperature. To prevent overheating and damage to the engine, a thermal relay cuts off the electricity supply when water at elevated temperatures is drained into the drains.

Automation allows you to prevent engine breakdown and its replacement in the future - the presence of a float, a chopper and a thermal relay will significantly save finances and reduce the number of breakdowns. Submersible units are difficult to get out for repair or maintenance. And experts do not advise simply “pulling out” the engine from under the liquid.

Power supply and housing material

You can start different types of sewer pumps from a three-phase or single-phase network.Single-phase is cheaper, and to save the engine from power surges, it is better to purchase a stabilizer or a special portable generator and connect the pump to it. If the distance is too long, you will need a strong housing that will protect the engine from sudden changes in temperature, frost and rain. Surface pumps for private homes are recommended to be purchased with a powerful housing.

Three-phase will also require additional equipment that will prevent damage - a control panel. This part will protect against phase imbalance in the mains.

The metal case is considered reliable. But it's difficult to set up - it's heavy and will require an extra pair of hands if the motor is submersible or semi-submersible. Plastic is cheaper, but in terms of operation it is inferior to cast iron and stainless steel.

You can choose a body made of plastic, and working parts made of metal. For a private house, a surface or submersible apparatus with low power is considered the best option. To organize the removal of wastewater in the country, it is better to use a pumping station.

Waste disposal types

• Central.
• Autonomous.
• Well.

Well

The well is intended for diversion of sanitary drains in private houses. Its advantages are simple installation and low cost. To use such a system, a sufficiently large depression in the ground is used, which is fenced with concrete and plastic rings, or with a home-made brick structure.

The disadvantage of the well is the frequent need for pumping. Since all the waste that enters the sewer without treatment is drained into the well, a dense sediment forms at the bottom, which prevents the absorption of moisture.

Another disadvantage is environmental pollution.Since the drains are not subject to pre-treatment, all the chemicals that are used in the house have a negative impact on the environment.

Autonomous

A septic tank is a more humane way of removing wastewater. The basic principle of its work is the initial purification of water from toxic impurities and solid waste. This system consists of several reservoirs. Sewerage is released into the first tank. Due to the different mass, solid waste and chemical components settle to the bottom, lighter fats and objects rise to the surface, and water passes to the second stage of purification through a special pipe.

The second tank can be used as a backup sump, or have the function of decomposing household chemicals into components. To do this, biological additives are used, which in a short time help to decompose all the impurities contained in the water.

In the future, already purified water can be pumped out or used for irrigation. Before making decisions about the use of irrigation fluid, it is necessary to measure the level of contamination of water with chemicals. If the content of harmful substances is high, specialized filters should be used.

Thus, it is possible to reduce water consumption and provide an opportunity to revise the water supply project, which will significantly reduce costs.

Important! When using this method, it is necessary to provide the septic tank with inspection hatches for cleaning, as well as provide it with a ventilation system to eliminate fumes and gas that is formed during the decomposition of various substances. Advantages of a septic tank:

Advantages of a septic tank:

• Increased environmental friendliness compared to a well.
• Possibility of separate cleaning.

Flaws:

Increased system and installation cost.

Central

Not everyone can use the central sewerage system due to the fact that pipes for draining sewage are often not stretched to the private sector. If this is possible, then it is necessary to obtain special permission at the planning stage, which will allow the use of this method.

Despite the fact that obtaining permission will require additional financial costs, the user gets the opportunity to freely use this system in his home. There is also no need for regular pumping and the use of various means that accelerate the decomposition of substances in the well.

There are factors that may affect the use of a waste disposal method:

• Climate.
• The number of water disposal units in the house.
• Possibility of use for discharge of rainfall.

Depending on the surrounding climate, the depth of freezing of the earth in winter can be different. Based on this, the depth and volume of the septic tank or well used is designed. In order not to damage the pipe system and the well itself, it is necessary to calculate the correct depth to which the tank will be immersed. If the calculations are not correct, this can lead to additional costs for repairing or replacing the entire project.

The number of nodes also affects the volume of the tanks and the diameter of the discharge pipes. If the house uses one bath, then the volume of liquid passing through the pipes will be small, respectively, you can use a pipe of a smaller diameter.

In order to protect the adjacent area from the formation of large puddles, storm trays are often used around the house, which drain all the liquid into the tank or remove water outside the house area, which can harm neighbors.

Design

If there are enough grounds for the arrangement of the NC, you can proceed to the first stage of construction - the design of the system. This part of the work is best left to the experts. They will perform the calculation of the sewage pumping station, determine the optimal pump power and the need to install a switching chamber, draw up an accurate estimate and an explanatory note and comply with design standards. An example of such a project and installation estimates can be found on thematic sites and forums.

Note that when connecting to the central sewerage networks, the operation service will first of all request a draft drainage system. When organizing an autonomous NK, some of the problems are removed, but, nevertheless, there are nuances that must be taken into account.

Errors in hydraulic calculation, calculations of the minimum pipe diameter, engine power, etc. may lead to unstable operation of the internal or external network of the NC. In some cases, the situation can be corrected by creating a pressure damping loop (damping well).

Extinguisher well device

The number of such wells in the system is not standardized, their number, the distance between the two nearest ones and the characteristics are determined in the course of calculations or according to the results of a hydraulic test. It is not as serious as for the oil pipeline, but, nevertheless, it must be carried out for oil companies without fail.

Choosing a fecal pump

First of all, it is necessary to determine its capacity, it depends on the length of the vertical and horizontal pipeline lines. This dependence is shown in the figure below.

Pump power depending on the length of the pipeline

As for the flow rate in the NK system, according to the SNiP standards, it should be about 2.0 l / s, respectively, the pump capacity is selected at the level of 120 l / min. Next, you should decide on the type of pumping equipment, it can be:

• Submersible (suction).
• Superficial.

The first are more expensive, they are designed for trouble-free operation in an aggressive environment. The latter are somewhat cheaper and easier to maintain, but their installation will require more effort.

Tank volume

The calculation of the volume is based on the daily rate of water consumption per person, its average value is about 0.20 m3. The tank must contain a minimum of three-day flow. For example, if 4 people live in a building, the average daily consumption will be about 0.80 m3, taking into account the three-day norm, the tank should have a volume of at least 3.20 m3.

It is advisable to dwell on the two-chamber design of the tank, in which case one compartment will play the role of a primary settling tank, and the second one will play the role of a pumping chamber. It is in it that a fecal pump equipped with a chopper will be installed. The filling of the tank is controlled by special sensors, when the threshold level is reached, the pump is started to pump them out.

You can purchase a ready-made sewage pumping station with a plastic tank or build a storage tank yourself from concrete rings or bricks and install the necessary equipment.

KNS: a) industrial; c) medium power

Choosing a place for a storage tank

In order to avoid claims from the water utility, the sanitary and epidemiological service and other regulatory organizations, the choice of the location of the storage tank should be taken seriously. In accordance with the norms of SNiP 020402-84, around a possible source of pollution there must be sanitary protection zone. The above document specifies the minimum distance that should be between the pipes (sleeves) of the NK and wells or other sources of drinking water. These SNiPs also regulate the distance from the security zone of residential buildings, site boundaries, shrubs and trees, as well as other objects.

Basic norms for the place of KNS

In addition, underground utilities passing through the site should be taken into account, unfortunately, their designation on the drawings is not always present, which can cause certain difficulties. Information about the availability of such communications can be obtained from the relevant services.

Operation features

The main condition for the full operation of the sewer forced pump is the presence of a centralized water supply.

The mechanism of artificial sewerage is unpretentious in care. From time to time, the collection container for draining masses needs to be sanitized. To do this, it is enough to pour Whiteness into the reservoir or a specially designed agent or pipe cleaning liquid, which effectively dissolve deposits on pipes and walls.

At the same time, one should refrain from organic agents that can render rubber seals and plastic plumbing unusable.

If the sanitary pump is used in unheated rooms, the system must be drained at the beginning of the winter season.

What is a pressure sewer

Pressure sewage is a system in which effluents do not move through pipes independently, but with the help of a pump. Moreover, the whole process occurs automatically, with little or no intervention from the owner.

Pressure sewerage consists of several parts

Pressurized sewerage device:

1. The most important part of the system is considered to be a sewer pneumatic water pressure installation - a pumping station. Sewage gradually accumulates in it, and when they reach a sufficient level, the pump starts to distill the drain water into settling wells. Nowadays, the whole process is fully automated and does not require human intervention.
2. In addition to the pumping station, the system includes a pipeline. Moreover, the pipes for it should be used more durable and reliable than for a gravity system. After all, there is a lot of pressure on them.

A pressure station is a system that is used if the organization of a gravity sewer is not possible. After all, this option of sewerage allows you to solve many problems.

How to choose the unit for your needs?

When you get acquainted with the existing types of fecal pumps, the question arises before you, what to look for when choosing? If you take into account a few basic parameters, pay attention to the manufacturer and the cost of the equipment, you can choose the right unit for any needs - for pumping pool water, basement and more. Luckily, there are many choices on the market.

If you need a pump for pumping water from a pond or other body of water, follow this link and see the rating of the best models and tips for choosing.

The main characteristic that determines the quality of the fecal pump is performance.It displays how much wastewater the equipment can pump per unit of time. To choose the right amount for servicing a private house, you should calculate how fast waste is collected in the pit and how much of it will need to be pumped out at a time.

As a rule, this indicator is measured in m3 / hour and ranges from 5 to 48 cubic meters. per hour for industrial models. For domestic use, the most low-performance models are suitable. On average, 10-12 cubic meters per hour will be the best option for a home.

If you need a pump for giving, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the most suitable types and manufacturers of equipment for pumping fecal matter.

Another parameter that is of great importance when choosing is the size of acceptable particles. Again, initially you need to analyze the material with which the equipment will have to work. If you can't find the right model, look at the chopper options. They are most often suitable for a cesspool.

If the equipment will be submersible, consider the permissible immersion depth. Compare it with the depth of your septic tank and make a choice based on these values.

Pay attention to the power of the electric motor. Models available from 0.25 kW (for drainage pumps) to 4 kW (for industrial units)

It is also worth measuring in meters the distance from the installation site to the point of transportation of fecal matter. The indicator is taken into account both horizontally and vertically, because with a slope the pump will have to do more work than under normal conditions.

Often the manufacturer specifies only one value, for example 100 m. This means that the unit can move the liquid 100 m horizontally. To find out the vertical value, divide the value by 10. This means that such a pump can raise drains by 10 m in height

Additional functionality in the form of a remote control or an automatic on/off system for the electric motor is selected at the request of the customer. Of course, all these "chips" increase the cost of the device.

Purpose of sewer pumps

Infrequently, homeowners can connect to a centralized sewerage system. In most cases, suburban areas are equipped with autonomous drainage systems that need to be serviced independently. Proper arrangement of the drain in a country house is considered the key to the normal existence of the whole family. However, there is another way to solve such problems.

Vacuum trucks regularly provide their services for pumping wastewater from the drainage system in a private house. But such measures are considered relatively costly and time-consuming. In order to avoid problems, it is necessary to independently control the process of pumping wastewater, wait until the team of sewers finish their work. Therefore, many homeowners are trying to equip the sewer system. For this, special pumps are needed, with the help of which wastewater is pumped into the sewer.

Pumps are needed in such situations:

• If plumbing fixtures are poorly located or there are difficulties with draining the waste fluid by gravity;
• If it is required to divert drains to a long distance from the house;
• To avoid clogging in sewer pipes;
• When installing plumbing on the basement floors. Tapes in such cases are installed below the sewer itself.

Depending on the device of the drainage system, a specific type of pump is selected.

Scheme of household sewage

The scheme of the sewer system includes pipes, couplings, collectors and sedimentation tanks. It is built from waste collectors, that is, toilet bowls of sinks, bathtubs, towards the final drain of water and waste to the sump. Basically, a gravity system is used, therefore, to build a network, the terrain on which the city is built is taken into account, or rather, its slope.

The piping system is directed towards lower elevations. To ensure the gravity flow of water and fecal masses, the angle of inclination of pipes and drains from 2 to 5 degrees is sufficient. Ventilation of the pipeline with the help of vertical pipes is also organized. This allows drains to flow without the formation of jams and plugs.

Arrangement of sewerage systems

The composition of the general house sewerage system includes the following elements:

1. Storage device for (with or without a treatment system) wastewater.
2. External (external) sewer pipeline system.
3. Internal sewerage system.

The storage system can be made in the form:

1. A cesspool (without a bottom and with a bottom), in which wastewater is filtered by cleaning wastewater when passing through the ground and processing with the help of microflora living in the drive. To backfill the bottom, crushed stone or screenings are used. Designed for wastewater flow up to 1 cu. meters.
2. A sealed tank - made of steel or plastic and having a given volume that allows you to collect wastewater for a certain period.The plastic tank is installed in a previously excavated pit and does not require additional sealing, it is not subject to corrosion.
3. A septic tank in which wastewater is treated and after a certain period of time the waste is removed by pumping using a special vehicle equipped with a tank. In some areas, a two-chamber septic tank system is used to serve a larger number of residents. The first well is used as a sump, and the second one is used for sewage filtration. A septic tank is a container divided into 2-3 chambers, in which a phased sewage treatment is carried out. The septic tank "Purflo" (France) produces high-quality wastewater treatment and is designed for 2-10 people.
4. Local treatment plants are systems capable of removing up to 98% of solids from wastewater, converting them into fertilizers. Such stations are designed for the processing of wastewater in the amount of 1 to 10 cubic meters. meters per day, which meets the needs of consumers in the amount of 4 to 50 people. An example is the Biosepter-Super-Filter installation (Russia). The station has a robust body made of durable steel 5 mm thick, designed to operate for 30 years and consisting of several compartments for staged wastewater treatment. At the initial stage, fat-containing components are separated, and the largest fractions are settled. In the second chamber, medium-sized fractions are separated, and the third chamber is filtered using special filters and microbiologically cleaned.

For pumping fecal water, in addition to the gravity flow method, a special pump Wilo TMW30 EM -30 (Germany) can be used, capable of pumping up to 72 l / min., providing a pressure of up to 30 m and operating from a 220 V network, with a power of 700 W.