Rules for refueling household gas cylinders at gas filling stations: safety standards and requirements

Why do cars with LPG explode?

And, despite the fact that such cases are extremely rare, and mainly occur due to driver's oversight, there is still a certain mistrust of LPG, due to its explosive nature.

In fact, these fears are far from always justified, because if you do not change the complex design of the balloon module, which many motorists often sin in order to expand the fuel supply in the installation, then the potential risks will be reduced to zero.

However, some craftsmen, hoping to reach a hundred, changed this device, not even suspecting the risk they put themselves and their own vehicle at. This danger is due to the fact that when heated, the gas begins to expand, thereby displacing those 15-20% of the steam cushion necessary to move it to the engine.

That is why it is strictly forbidden to fill cylinders above the indicated norm, even if the cut-off device is not provided in the equipment design.

In addition, the valve must be fully open during refueling, and the installation itself must be securely fixed on board the car, since shaking and rolling it while driving over bumps and off-road is also a risky undertaking.

How to write a gas station business plan

If you are wondering how much it costs to open a gas station, then you need to draw up a clear business plan. To do this, you need to decide on the location, prices for gaseous fuel from suppliers, and the cost of equipment.

Depending on the region and the scale of the gas station, the cost can vary greatly. Here is a sample list of expenses for starting a business:

Item of expenses	Amount in rubles
Business registration and licenses	800 000 – 1 000 000
Location rental (1 month)	30 000
Salary (7 people for 1 month)	175 000
Necessary equipment	1 700 000
Marketing and advertising (1 month)	50 000
Fuel (1 month)	800 000
TOTAL	3 555 000 – 3 755 000

As a result, the minimum amount for starting a business will be 3,555,000.It also does not take into account the cost of utilities, payment of banking and accounting services and the construction of the station.

With proper business management, the invested amount can be beaten off in 3-5 years. This is a long process, but you get a stable business with a good profit, which will become more and more in demand in the near future.

Read where to get money for business.

Installation and operation of gas cylinders

The most important criterion for the safe operation of such devices is the control of possible leaks and overheating. Violation of sealing can be detected by a characteristic odor. The gas, in principle, has neither color nor smell, but a special marker is added to SPBT - a hydrocarbon-mercaptan. Due to this, a person can smell when the gas stove column is turned on or during a leak.

So, if you smell this smell, then we can conclude that the concentration of SPBT is 20 percent of the dangerous one. There is no reason to panic, that is, a reason to check the junction according to the above scheme.

Operation of gas cylinders, presented in the form of a table

When the gas cylinder is in the room itself, it should be placed at a distance of 1 meter from the stove, which in the active state is a heat source. Also, any other heating devices should not be placed nearby: heating radiators and autonomous heaters.

An acceptable option would be a "country" installation method - from the outer north side of the structure, which eliminates the possibility of overheating the balloon by the sun's rays. In such a situation, the sleeve must be passed through a hole in the wall, previously “treated” with a metal sleeve.The cylinder is placed in a special metal cabinet equipped with ventilation holes in the lower part of the walls. Since the gas is somewhat heavier than air, in the event of a leak, it will accumulate from below, where there will be ventilation holes, so a light wind can eliminate unwanted accumulation.

Refueling of gas cylinders - Moscow and the region, addresses

Filling stations In Moscow and the Moscow region where you can fill a gas cylinder for a summer residence. LINDE GAS Mosk.

region, Balashikha, Belyakova st., 1A +7(495) 777-7047 Germes-gaz LLC Tarny proezd 11 +7(495) 649-6725 ACAR NPF Mosk. region, Khimki, Zavodskaya st., 8 +7(495) 572-8792ALLIANCE GROUP LLC Kuntsevskaya (FL), Mozhayskoye sh., 9 +7(495) 947-9140 AMG LLC Kuntsevskaya (FL), Ryabinovaya st., 43, of. 142 +7(495) 447-2184GAZ OOO Mosk.

region, Podolsk, Garage pr., 9 +7(495) 502-7812 GAZOVIK-2000 Otradnoe, Yasny pr., d.

11А +7(495) 473-3498 GASOPHOBIA Yugo-Zapadnaya, Solntsevsky prospekt, d.

13A +7(495) 934-8372 GAZRESURS LLC Vladykino, Ilmensky pr., 13, building 1 +7(495) 488-0311 GAZSTROYSERVICE LLC Tushinskaya, Mosk. region, Krasnogorsk city, Central street, d.

3 +7(495) 562-4961 ZVENIGORODSKAYA GS Moscow. region, Odintsovo district, Vvedenskoe p/o +7(495) 597-1551 INTERGAZSERVICE Polezhaevskaya, Magistralnaya 3rd st., d.

Refueling lighters

Reusable lighters have become more popular than disposable ones, as they are much cheaper for their owners. Buying a gas cylinder for home is often associated precisely with the need to charge lighters. How to do it yourself:

1. Make sure there is no gas left in the lighter.
2. Set the gas supply valve to minimum and move it back.
3. Gently remove the fire to burn off any remaining oxygen.
4. Connect the lighter to a container of triple butane. Only such gas will ensure a long service life of the lighter.
5. While the lighter is being filled with new substance, you will hear a characteristic hissing sound.
6. When the lighter is full (you will immediately feel it), disconnect it and close the valve.

A refill bottle for gas lighters will last for several months with active use, and with moderate use it will last more than a year.

How does it work (filling station with high pressure pump)?

Now let's take a closer look at how the system works, what are its features. Unfortunately, for Russia it looks fantastic so far.

Everything is easy here. Available to every car enthusiast High pressure pump (NVD). It is enough to connect the device to the home gas pipeline and refuel the car.

As for some requirements, here it is worth being guided by the current safety rules regarding gas supply systems. It is also worth noting that the device is connected to electricity, so grounding is required.

If the compressor capacity is 9-10 "cubes" of gas per hour, then full charging is achieved in 1-1.5 hours. In this case, it is not necessary to stand near the car while refueling is in progress.

The system is secure, so after turning it off, you are allowed to go to bed to rest, and turn everything off in the morning.

Algorithm for filling the container with dye

Injection of cylinders on professional equipment is beneficial in terms of capacity filling, but is not available due to the high price. Self-filling aerosol cans with paint is justified by its low costs and ease of operation. Although the container is not filled to the maximum volume.

The aerosol container can be used more than once.

Before filling the can with paint, tools are prepared:

• A container is being prepared: an empty deodorant, from under the dye. A container of paint of one type is pumped with paint of the same type: acrylic after acrylic, alkyd after alkyd. Otherwise, a "chemical conflict" may occur. The quality of the paint coating will suffer from this.
• A dye of the desired shade, purchased ready-made or tinted with your own hands, can be refueled.
• The dye is injected with a large volume medical syringe. If an additional broken needle is used, then the release of the safety valve will be more effective.
• A nipple taken from an old bicycle inner tube is used.
• For bike or car pump chamber inflation.
• Manometer measuring pressure.

Before filling the paint into the spray can with your own hands, the cap and sprayer are removed from the container. The remaining steps are performed in strict sequence:

• The syringe is filled with dye.
• The cylinder fuse is pressed with a needle on the syringe, and the syringe is inserted into the container until it stops.
• The paint is pumped into the balloon. HER number corresponds to a certain shade. You can choose the desired color by fan. Colors for tinting are most often chosen from RAL, NCS, Pantone catalogs. Mixing base colors allows you to get the desired shade.
• Actions are performed until 2/3 of the container is full. So, for example, a 520 ml balloon is pumped into 400 ml. This capacity is enough for painting 1.5 m2, if the paint is applied in two layers.
• To stir the dye, 5 balls are added to the balloon. Bicycle bearing balls will do.

Useful video on the topic:

In order to spray, pressurized air is added to the tank to be filled:

• The release of the safety valve is carried out by the nipple of the bicycle. It is inserted into the bottle.
• A bicycle pump is connected to the nipple. Air is pumped up to a pressure of 5 atmospheres. Low pressure does not provide high-quality atomization. If the indicator is greater, then the capacity is broken.
• The nipple is removed and the spray button is installed in its place.

The can is ready to use. It is shaken, the paint is mixed and spray control is carried out. A small dose of dye is applied to an unnecessary surface.

Suitable gas cylinders

The use of gas in everyday life is not accidental, since at a cost it is cheaper than electricity, and sometimes technically simpler.

In addition to the use for cooking, home heating, etc. blue fuel is consumed in various fields of activity.

Types of vessels for storage and consumption

A wide range of uses made it necessary to develop for each of the areas its own container for the storage and operation of gaseous fuel. There are various modifications of cylinders of various volumes, which serve as gas suppliers on camping trips, on vacation and in many other places.

Gas cylinders are an almost obligatory attribute of private houses that are not connected to a centralized gas supply. As the blue fuel is consumed, its supply is replenished. Under normal technical condition, refueling is carried out in the same technological vessels

For tourism and recreation, it makes no sense to take a large volume balloon with you (well, if you do not plan a long vacation), and a small volume may not be enough or it will end quickly. Cylinders are not matches, you can’t take them with a margin, it’s pointless to drag excess weight, and no one has canceled the danger of moving vessels with blue fuel.

There are two main threats. The consequences of both dangers are the same. Since the cylinder is a vessel under high pressure, and the pressure itself is caused by a large amount of gas that can expand inside the cylinder when heated, it is accordingly explosive.

If you have to drag several gas cylinders with you on a hiking trip if necessary, then at home (whether it be an individual house, a summer house, etc.), the presence of spare gas tanks for servicing the kitchen, bath, boiler room is quite understandable and understandable.

Liquefied bottled gas is used by tourists and lovers of travel with stops at campsites. It is needed for refueling soldering gas equipment

Note that the gas that is transported through the gas pipeline directly to the consumer is a mixture with a predominance of methane. But gas cylinders are filled with a mixture of propane and butane, taken in various proportions.

Both main and liquefied bottled gas have neither color nor smell. In order to be able to accurately determine the leak, both mixtures are odorized, i.e. enriched with marsh gas, methane, which has a characteristic unpleasant odor.

Taking into account the difference in consumption and operational specifics of gas equipment, the industry offers a wide range of cylinders that differ in capacity and size.

If you turn to Internet search engines, you can find out that there are a lot of cylinders for transportation, use in everyday life, for work and storage of gas. Not only the volumes of the cylinders differ significantly, but also the technical design during production, the service life and even the estimated working pressure of the cylinders.

Technical features of the production of cylinders

How can a simple layman not make a mistake when choosing the required type of cylinder and related operational equipment? Let's look at these issues in more detail and turn to the main sources of information that can help with this - GOSTs.

It is in the GOSTs that all the technical nuances that apply to cylinder manufacturers, depending on the scope and characteristics of the fuel, are stipulated. Most of the regulatory documents relate to the production of industrial pressure vessels, since far from one or two types of gas are used in production.

For this reason, gas cylinders must be painted in their "own" color, i.e. in a color that matches the gas that is stored in this cylinder. In addition to coloring, the balloon must have an appropriate inscription, this can be seen in the picture below

The color of gas cylinders depends on what type of gas it is allowed to fill. Only bright red tanks are suitable for replenishing liquefied gas

According to the rules regulated by state standards, household cylinders must be painted red and have the inscription "PROPANE" or "PROPANE-BUTANE" in white. This is a mandatory requirement for tanks containing liquefied combustible gas.

The main regulatory document that specifies the conditions for the production of cylinders for domestic (not excluding industrial) use is GOST 15860-84, which is called “Welded steel cylinders for liquefied hydrocarbon gases for pressures up to 1.6 MPa. Specifications".

To begin with, what can not be done at the gas filling station

At gas stations it is prohibited:

1. Well, first of all, of course, smoke or use open fire sources. I think there is no need to explain here, we all know what gas is and what happens if a large amount of gas is suddenly set on fire. There is an explosion of unprecedented proportions, so in no case, under any circumstances, do not violate this rule "No. 1".
2. Refuel the vehicle with the engine running. When the engine is running, the fuel line is functioning, so there is a high probability of a sharp increase in pressure in the fuel line, which is fraught with damage to the valves and many other equally important components of gas equipment.
3. Carry out refueling of a faulty LPG. Before you fill up your car with gas, make sure that the valves, VZU, are in order. has no damage, and the gas equipment itself is in good condition and has no leaks.
4. Start refueling without the permission of the gas filling station operator.
5. Carry out refueling with an incorrectly installed “gun”.

Basic storage requirements

Cylinders with liquefied gas are widely used in everyday life, as well as in the industrial and construction industries. When storing an explosive substance in various places, basic safety requirements must be observed that will prevent the occurrence of accidents, both at home and at work.

At home

For the storage of liquefied gas in domestic conditions, one-piece welded metal cylinders are used. Their capacity is usually 50 liters, but there are small vessels with a volume of 5.27 liters.

In everyday life, cylinders filled with butane, propane and their mixture are used. They must be stored only in compliance with the following established safety standards:

1. It is not allowed to save gas cylinders in apartments, including loggias and balconies, and residential buildings. It is also forbidden to leave containers with combustible filling for storage on landings, in attics and basements.
2. The liquefied gas tank must be kept on a fireproof surface. To avoid accidental dropping of the cylinder, it is recommended to place it in an upright position.
3. The gas container must be kept in places protected from direct sunlight. It is not allowed to leave cylinders near open flames, heating appliances, open electrical wiring.
4. Tanks filled with liquefied gas must be stored in non-residential outbuildings constructed from non-combustible materials. The distance from the entrance to the building or its basement, basement premises is more than 5 meters.

In places where gas cylinders are stored, a sign warning about the placement of a hazardous substance must be placed in plain sight.

At the enterprise

In industrial areas, cylinders with liquefaction and technical gas can be used. The tank capacity can be up to 50 or over 100 liters. Storage of cylinders at the enterprise must be carried out in accordance with the requirements presented:

1. It is allowed to save containers with gas in special premises designated for these purposes or simply in the open air. In any case, the tank must be completely protected from the rays of the sun and precipitation.
2. Places for storing gas cylinders should be located at a distance of 100 meters from public buildings and not less than 50 meters from residential buildings. Also, a distance of more than 20 meters should be observed between warehouses.
3. It is allowed to store cylinders with only one type of gas in one storage room. It is quite dangerous to place containers with a liquefied mixture and oxygen together.
4. Cylinders filled with gas with shoes installed are stored in an upright position. In order to prevent accidental movement of containers, they must be installed in special support nests or protected by barrier structures, which must be made only from refractory materials.
5. All heating devices, including radiators and heating units, must be located more than 1 meter from gas cylinders. The distance from heat sources with open fire is over 5 meters.
6. In warehouses in which cylinders with a combustible substance are stored, there must be high-quality artificial ventilation.

Storage of gas cylinders at the enterprise

In the premises for storing gas containers, there must be an instruction and information warning about the danger of the stored substance. All posters and signs must be displayed in plain sight.

At construction sites

During the construction of buildings, hot work is often required using gas cylinders. The rules for storing combustible mixtures at the construction site coincide with the safety requirements at enterprises and at home. But there are some additions that relate to the construction industry:

1. If there are no special storage facilities, then cylinders can be stored in semi-closed or open places without access to sunlight and at an appropriate distance from heating devices. It is allowed to place containers with gases in special cabinets made of non-combustible material on a fire-resistant surface.
2. When storing cylinders, sunlight should be excluded from them, and the fuel container should not come into contact with various building materials, especially those impregnated with fatty substances.
3. Tanks with other substances must not be stored together with cylinders filled with liquefied gas, and joint storage of full and empty tanks is also prohibited.

Store gas cylinders at construction sites away from sunlight

Be sure to install signs with the words “Explosive”, “Do not smoke”, “Caution! Gas"

Refueling of gas cylinders

It is not necessary to buy a new cylinder every time when the gas from the previous one is used up. These containers are great for repeated use and thus save money to their owners.

Refueling household gas cylinders is a simple and ordinary procedure, the main attention of which should be given to safety

There are 4 options for filling up gas:

• specialized filling station;
• car filling stations (if special equipment is available);
• mobile modular station;
• home gas station.

It is better to focus on the first option - it is safer, employees have experience and equipment, they know how to assess the strength of vessels and use several methods of gas injection. At filling stations, employees often do not know how to work with gas and check containers, they do not have the necessary equipment, including scales to control the mass of a container. A specialized gas station would be a safer choice.

As for mobile modular stations, as a rule, they are used for filling oxygen cylinders. This is true for medical institutions and industrial enterprises that use oxygen daily in their work. The cost of such a station starts from 4 million rubles.

Gas cylinder filling methods

Proper filling of cylinders, domestic or travel, begins with checking the vessel. The manager evaluates:

• is there any damage and dents to the body (if there is, you should refuse to use the container and replace it with a new one);
• whether the valve and valve are in order;
• residual pressure in the empty container (there must be no pressure).

If the container is in order, you can start refueling. The design is quite simple. The cylinder is connected to the source of the substance by a special hose through which the gas enters the container. All necessary elements - valves, hoses, adapter, adapter - must be included. However, specialized stations usually have the necessary equipment.

There are 3 charging methods:

1. Pumping. The simplest, the substance is pumped into the tank by a pump.
2. Pump-evaporative. Simultaneously with the pumping of the substance into the cylinder, heating and an increase in pressure in the system occur.
3. Pump and compressor. Differs in the increased pumping speed which compressors set to the pump.

The cost of refueling depends on the volume of the cylinder, but usually it is 200-300 rubles.

The color of the cylinder indicates the gas contained inside, blue for oxygen

Technical gases

Technical gases are substances that are used in industry, agriculture, medicine, and the service sector. Gas vessels are used not only in dachas and when traveling for space heating, cooking and refilling lighters, but also at various enterprises. Selling and refueling cylinders to a business can even become a separate line of income.

The most common technical gases include:

• helium - for melting, welding and cutting metals, as well as for inflating balloons;
• oxygen - in hospitals, as well as in metallurgy for fuel combustion;
• nitrogen - for the chemical and oil and gas industries, as well as in medicine for transporting internal organs.

food

Food or shielding gases are gas mixtures that are used to process food in order to protect it from the environment and extend its shelf life. They are not used at home, only in the food industry. They protect the product from interaction with oxygen, therefore they prevent oxidation and reproduction of microorganisms. As a rule, these are carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Harmless, legally allowed to use E290, E941, E938, E939, E942.

Also available in refillable bottles.

Refueling lighters

Reusable lighters have become more popular than disposable ones, as they are much cheaper for their owners. Buying a gas cylinder for home is often associated precisely with the need to charge lighters. How to do it yourself:

1. Make sure there is no gas left in the lighter.
2. Set the gas supply valve to minimum and move it back.
3. Gently remove the fire to burn off any remaining oxygen.
4. Connect the lighter to a container of triple butane. Only such gas will ensure a long service life of the lighter.
5. While the lighter is being filled with new substance, you will hear a characteristic hissing sound.
6. When the lighter is full (you will immediately feel it), disconnect it and close the valve.

A refill bottle for gas lighters will last for several months with active use, and with moderate use it will last more than a year.

Documents for opening gas filling stations

To open a gas filling station, you need to collect a package of documents, obtain the necessary permits from the relevant authorities, and conclude contracts. In addition, a license is required to open a gas station.

To register a business, you need to decide whether to open an LLC or an individual entrepreneur. In the case of an individual entrepreneur, the registration process will be less expensive and take less time.

If you have the opportunity to open a network of gas stations, then it is better to immediately open an LLC. Below is an approximate list of required documents for opening:

• Lease agreement. This document is a must. You will have to show it to almost all organizations to obtain permits. Please note that the location of the object must be at least 500 m from residential buildings.
• Project for the construction of the station. It must be approved by the CPS.
• Permits from SES, environmental and fire services.
• License from the Ministry of Energy to store and sell fuel.
• Fuel supplier agreement. It must always be in a conspicuous place.
• Additional permissions. If you open a car wash, shop or something else at the station, you will need permits to provide these services. The specific list depends on what exactly you want to open.

You will also need to select the appropriate OKVED codes. For the sale of gaseous fuels, code 47.30 is suitable. In addition, you will need to decide on other codes, depending on what additional services you will provide.

gas cylinder

It's all a little different. When refueling itself, it will not be possible to exceed the pressure, even if the cylinder is completely filled. It’s just that according to TB it is impossible to fill the cylinder by more than 80% of the volume, so that with a possible increase in the ambient temperature, the gas in the cylinder in a liquid state has room to expand. At car gas stations, for this you need to fill in no more than 40 liters - there refueling goes by liters, and not by weight. As for the audit, they don’t do it before each refueling at the exchange office, but simply look at the date of the next examination. Therefore, just when changing your new cylinder (which may still have 5 years ahead before such an examination), get the old one (moreover, it is not known where and how many times, for example, it was dropped in a past life, and who applied these marks of verification). who had nothing left to check. So it’s better to use your own, for which you are sure, and go with it yourself for an examination once every 5 years.

Yes, I believe you, I believe. To believe in videos, news, reports, zealously and selflessly in our time, I simply do not have the physical ability.they have discredited themselves very much. Let's leave it up to them. otherwise we’ll start the explosion of the Neva Express (don’t be remembered by night.) Discuss

Replacement procedure, transport safety

The design of the cylinders differs in the presence of a closing valve KB-2 or a technical valve VB-2 according to GOST 21804–94. Versions with a valve have a quick-release reducer that reduces pressure when a flame appears.

The reducer is attached to the main hose through a fitting with a small mounting clamp:

• The reducer is attached to the cylinder with the valve by pulling on the valve neck with a sealing ring.
• It is connected to the valve by means of a thread on the valve fitting, in another case - with a union nut of the reducer. A special disposable pad is issued at the replacement points.

If the gas pressure has noticeably decreased and goes to “no”, you should not squeeze it out to the last drop:

Turn off the gas, close the valve and start replacing the cylinder.
Remember that the gearbox has a left-hand thread. Loosen the gearbox nut clockwise.
Replace bottle.
Prepare the replacement paronite gasket. Tighten the nut counterclockwise. The cylinder must stand strictly upright (never turn it upside down).
Be sure to close the valve of the old cylinder, put a plug and a protective cap

This is important because there is always some gas left in the cylinder.

Always turn off the valve when the stove is not working.

Transportation of cylinders is carried out only with safety caps and plugs. When transporting, make sure that the tap is closed and protected by a cap.

What to do if a gas leak is detected?

Leakage of gas can be determined visually with soap suds.Most often, leakage occurs in fittings or hose connections.

A strong leak can be identified by ear, at least this will serve as a clue to the place where the soap solution is applied. Another factor to control leakage is the appearance of a characteristic odor.

Compliance with safety standards allows not only to avoid gas leakage, but also to prevent possible negative consequences

The danger is that the propane-butane mixture is heavier than air, so when it leaks, the gas rushes to the floor, can accumulate under the floor or in the basement. One spark will be enough to provoke an explosion. The main cause of a gas explosion is most often negligence and neglect of safety standards.

To avoid the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning and prevent the possibility of an explosion, set yourself the following rules for using a gas cylinder in your home:

• Installation of gas alarms near the floor;
• Ventilation of the room before opening the cylinder valve;
• The included gas appliances must be under constant supervision;
• Gas stoves cannot be used for heating or space heating;
• Gas cylinders, like gas equipment, should only be repaired by specialists;
• In case of long-term absence of residents, gas cylinders should be taken out of the dwelling.

If, nevertheless, a gas leak occurs, then it is forbidden to use any electrical appliances. Do not perform actions that contribute to the formation of sparks.

If a leak is detected, the cylinder must immediately close the valve of the gas cylinder, disconnect it from the gas-powered appliances and take it outside. Everything must be done quickly and carefully, as a fall of the cylinder can lead to its ignition.

If gas leaks from a cylinder, it may ignite. The first step is to try to close the valve. In the case of a small flame, you can try to extinguish it with a wet towel, and then take the cylinder outside. Extinguishing a large flame is risky, as the accumulated gas in the room can explode.

Remember that overheating the cylinder to 180 degrees can cause it to explode. While the gas is burning, the probability of an explosion is minimal, an explosion is possible when the cylinder overheats from objects burning nearby. Therefore, immediately after a fire, you need to turn off the valve, remove the cylinder from the room and call the emergency service.

Conclusion

Refilling a gas cylinder costs significantly less than buying a new one. There is nothing complicated in this procedure, especially if you go to a specialized gas station. Safety precautions are observed there, and all the necessary equipment is available. Gas storage vessels are widely used in everyday life, camping trips, for cars and industry, so ways to save on them will be useful to a wide range of readers.

Read more:

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