- Third place - GILEX Poplar Malysh-M 10
- TOP-3 submersible well pumps for clean water
- JILEX Water cannon PROF 55/75
- JILEX Water cannon PROF 55/90 House
- Aquatech SP 3″ 3-60 (830 W)
- UNIPUMP MINI ECO-2 (550 W) for a well 20 meters deep
- Pros:
- Top best pumping stations
- JILEX Jumbo 70/50 Ch-24
- Video "Overview of the pump Jumbo 70/50 Ch-24"
- Denzel PS1000X
- Marina CAM 80/22
- Video "Overview of the pumping station MARINA CAM 80/22"
- JILEX Jumbo 70/50 N-24
- Video "Overview of the pumping station Gileks Jumbo 70/50 N-24"
- Grundfos MQ 3-45
- The best vortex pumping stations
- SFA Sanicubic 1 VX
- Elitech CAB 400V/19
- Aquario Auto ADB-35
- Termica Comfortline TL PI 15
- Calculation of a well pump for water supply at home
- Consumption volume
- pressure
- What to look for when choosing a well pump
- The best deep well pump BELAMOS TF-100 (1300 W)
- Pros:
- Selection Options
- Water flow and pump performance
- Lifting height (pressure)
- Immersion depth
- Well diameter
Third place - GILEX Poplar Malysh-M 10
The solution is great for organizing a drainage system and a complex for watering a vegetable garden, orchard. It has sufficient capacity of 1.5 cubic meters per hour at a depth of 60 meters. Not suitable for complex water supply, but widely used for pumping and irrigation.
JILEX Poplar Malysh-M 10 is a submersible pump with optimal performance. Of the positive aspects, it is worth noting a simple structural design, which provides high maintainability and simple specifics of maintenance. Able to work from a standard power supply system - 220/230 V.
And now the negative sides. It can only pump clean water - it does not provide filtration elements. Produces significant noise in the absence of any soundproofing. The last nuance is easy to fix by installing an additional soundproofing system. Vibration dampening is also required. Here, as with most pumps of this type, the indicator is at a significant level.
However, JILEX Poplar Malysh-M 10 is a completely acceptable solution if you want to equip a simple system. For its price, the tool does an excellent job.
TOP-3 submersible well pumps for clean water
If everything is clear with dirty water - screw models of pumps are needed there, then with clean water everything is much simpler - absolutely any borehole pump can be used there.
However, this does not negate the need to carefully consider the technical characteristics of a device before deciding to buy it.
The models listed below are not just in this rating. All of them received high marks from the experts of the site.
JILEX Water cannon PROF 55/75
JILEX Water cannon PROF 55/75
"Bronze" among submersible borehole pumps gets a model of domestic production. It is perfect for pumping water from wells and wells and then carrying it into the house.
Having a fairly adequate price, the pump still has rather average technical characteristics.The maximum water pressure, for example, is only 75 m, the immersion depth is about thirty meters. And the productivity, by the way, is 3.3 cubic meters per hour. At the same time, it should be noted that the power consumption is not too high - only 880 watts are needed to operate the pump.
This model stands out for its unpretentiousness to water quality. But, if you look closely, she “likes it more” in clean water. Inside this pump, like the others, there is a filter. This model has a mesh option that can protect the pump components from solid particles larger than 1.5 mm.
The owners have repeatedly noted the quiet operation of the device, low cost, as well as good protection, thanks to which it will not fail. In terms of shortcomings, only poor equipment and problems in the form of defective products stand out.
pros
- high pump power;
- availability in terms of price;
- easy to care for;
- pump capacity is high enough.
Minuses
- there is little in the kit for this device;
- often come across defective products.
JILEX Water cannon PROF 55/75
JILEX Water cannon PROF 55/90 House
JILEX Water cannon PROF 55/90 House
"Silver" goes to another domestic pump of the same company JILEKS and from the same Vodomet PROF series. This device has several differences from the "bronze".
This model has approximately the same throughput (3.3 cubic meters per hour) and immersion depth (30 meters). This model is distinguished by a larger engine power (1100 W), as well as a maximum water pressure (90 meters).
The solidity of this model is added to its equipment. First of all, it should be noted that the device has a hydraulic accumulator, the capacity of which is 50 liters.
The system of this model is self-sufficient, and therefore it does not require attention from the owner.
This model deserves special attention for its additional features. Firstly, its protection - it successfully copes with such phenomena as overloads and dry running. And with the remote control, you can remotely program the pump.
The reviews praise the complete set, high reliability, as well as simple operation (there is even a display). But in the minuses, you can write down only weak protection of the accumulator from corrosion.
pros
- good equipment;
- performance indicators are quite high;
- the possibility of customization;
- easy to connect.
Minuses
the accumulator quickly begins to rust.
JILEX Water cannon PROF 55/90 House
Aquatech SP 3″ 3-60 (830 W)
Aquatech SP 3″ 3-60 (830 W)
"Gold" goes to the model of the well-known company Aquatech, whose products have received many awards. This model is no exception, since it is in our rating. This rather compact Chinese-made device has very good technical characteristics.
This device, for example, has good performance (3.5 cubic meters per hour), as well as a fairly powerful 830 W electric motor. The diving depth of this model is 80 m, which is much more than that of the “bronze” medalist. The pressure in comparison with the "bronze" has become greater - for this model it is already 100 m. Due to long power cord at 70 meters you can forget about the problem of connecting to a 220 V network.
The owners of this pump were generally satisfied with this device.
pros
- high performance;
- high power;
- extremely long power cord;
- high quality build.
Minuses
small immersion depth.
UNIPUMP MINI ECO-2 (550 W) for a well 20 meters deep

Smallest pump in the review 3" diameter for shallow wells. Lightweight but powerful, provides water flow up to 3 cubic meters per hour. The vortex baby pump maintains a head of 65 m when taking from a depth of up to 20 meters. Thermal protection is built into the body, turns off the motor in emergency conditions. The impeller is made of polycarbonate, ensures a long service life.
Floating wheels increase the reliability of operation when small mechanical impurities enter the water. Can be used as part of an automated local water supply system.
Recommended for organizing water supply in low-rise buildings, cottages, dachas, for garden irrigation system, garden plots, filling small reservoirs with water.
Pros:
- high performance;
- low noise level;
- small dimensions;
- confidently pumps water with a small amount of mechanical impurities.
Top best pumping stations
As we wrote above, water pumping stations are more powerful and have automation. They make it possible to provide water to large households.
JILEX Jumbo 70/50 Ch-24
Model JILEX Jumbo 70/50 Ch-24
Excellent and inexpensive pumping station. It lifts water well from a depth of up to 9 m. The maximum water pressure that this machine can lift is as much as 50 m. The presence of an 8-liter hydraulic accumulator makes it possible to continuously provide liquid to the house and garden.
The convenience of the design allows you to replace the standard hydraulic accumulator tank with a more capacious one. Moreover, in this apparatus, you can manually adjust the output pressure.
Device advantages:
- high power and water pressure;
- easy upgrade of the device;
- a large number of spare parts and warranty workshops;
- outlet pressure adjustment.
Cons of the device:
noisy.
Video "Overview of the pump Jumbo 70/50 Ch-24"
From this video you will learn about the advantages of the Jumbo 70/50 Ch-24 pump.
Denzel PS1000X
Pump station Denzel PS1000X
This surface pumping station works on the centrifugal principle. Despite the Chinese manufacturer, the device is very well assembled. According to user reviews, the pump works like clockwork, perfectly coping with its main task.
It raises water from a depth of 9 m, the head is as much as 45 m. A large hydraulic accumulator tank of 24 liters will save the engine's engine life by turning it off for rest.
The unit is very easy to install and is able to provide clean water to the entire household. However, like all such devices, it is somewhat noisy. Therefore, you should take care of the place of its installation - so that the sound does not bother anyone.
Device advantages:
- high-quality assembly and inexpensive price;
- large storage tank.
Cons of the device:
high noise level.
Marina CAM 80/22
Italian-made pump Marina CAM 80/22
The pump is made in Italy, has both positive qualities and disadvantages.
Quality build meets power. The device will easily pull water from an 8-meter well to a height of 45 m. According to the manufacturer, the unit is equipped with protection against dry running, but in practice this has not been found.
A large stainless steel accumulator will hold a pressure of 4 atmospheres.
The product also has disadvantages. Due to its design, it is difficult to drain water from it. This must be done during the cold winter months. If the necessary procedures are not followed, the frozen liquid will easily damage delicate mechanisms.
Device advantages:
- quality manufacturing;
- stainless steel tank;
- large hydraulic accumulator.
Cons of the device:
- delicate design;
- requires maintenance.
Video "Overview of the pumping station MARINA CAM 80/22"
From this video you will learn what is interesting about the MARINA CAM 80/22 pumping station.
JILEX Jumbo 70/50 N-24
JILEX Jumbo 70/50 N-24
This centrifugal hydraulic machine will lift water well to a height of 50 m. It is suitable for providing liquid to the whole house. The large hydroaccumulator tank is made of stainless steel. The reliable design of a well-known manufacturer allows you to work smoothly throughout the year without breaking.
Users praise this pumping station very much for its reliability and high quality. At the same time, the low price of the device will fit into any budget.
Device advantages:
- inexpensive and high quality;
- large stainless tank.
Cons of the device:
high noise level.
Video "Overview of the pumping station Gileks Jumbo 70/50 N-24"
From this video you will learn about the advantages of the Gileks Jumbo 70/50 H-24 pumping station.
Grundfos MQ 3-45
Pump station Grundfos MQ 3-45
This is a very good pumping station from a major Italian brand. High-quality assembly and reliable operation of the system attract buyers.
The quiet operation of the centrifugal pump will not disturb either residents or neighbors. The unit easily raises water to a height of 50 m from a shallow well. High-quality electronics has several levels of protection, including dry running and overheating.
However, the hydraulic storage tank here is not very large, and this can be considered a minus.
In our opinion, this is the most successful pumping station of all proposed.
Device advantages:
- assembly level;
- easy installation;
- protection system;
- quiet at work.
Cons of the device:
small volume of hydroaccumulator.
The best vortex pumping stations
Such models are small in size and low in price. Their impellers are equipped with radial blades that begin to rotate when water passes between them. Vortex pumping stations are demanding on the purity of the liquid and can vibrate during operation.
SFA Sanicubic 1 VX
5
★★★★★
editorial score
97%
buyers recommend this product
See review
The main feature of the model is the presence of a high-power motor - 2000 W. This is sufficient for pumping liquid or heterogeneous effluents to a height of up to 10 meters. Thanks to the use of modern technology of bladeless Vortex turbines, the device works stably when solid impurities enter.
The volume of water is 32 liters, the maximum temperature of the liquid is +70°C. The remote control panel can be placed in any part of the building, the package includes wired and audible alarms for better control of the unit. The housing of the pumping station is equipped with acoustic insulation, which minimizes the noise level even under high load.
Advantages:
- powerful engine;
- high performance;
- large volume of the tank;
- remote control;
- quiet work.
Flaws:
high price.
Station SFA Sanicubic 1 VX (2000 W) is designed to ensure the operation of forced sewage. It works with both clean and dirty water. An excellent choice for installation in a country house or commercial building.
Elitech CAB 400V/19
4.9
★★★★★
editorial score
94%
buyers recommend this product
The body of the model is made of cast iron and coated with an anti-corrosion compound. Mounting holes make it easy to install on any surface.The suction depth is no more than 8 meters, wells, open reservoirs, wells can act as a source.
The working power of the engine is 400 W, the volume of the accumulator is 19 liters. The performance of the pumping station is sufficient to ensure a stable supply of 40 liters of water per minute.
Advantages:
- silent operation;
- high performance;
- work in automatic mode;
- convenient installation;
- overheat protection.
Flaws:
short connection cable.
Elitech CAB will be an excellent solution for organizing the water supply of a private one-story house. The tank will allow you to use a small supply of water in the absence of power supply.
Aquario Auto ADB-35
4.9
★★★★★
editorial score
90%
buyers recommend this product
The model is equipped with a mechanical type pressure switch, with which you can most accurately set the pump on and off. The built-in pressure gauge and overheating protection help to better control the working condition of the device and extend its service life.
The permissible particle size in the working environment is 0.1 mm, the suction depth is up to 7 meters. The motor power of 430 W contributes to the efficient pumping of up to 35 liters of fluid per minute. The body of the unit is made of cast iron and coated with an anti-corrosion chemical composition at the points of contact with the liquid.
Advantages:
- overheat protection;
- stainless steel shaft;
- long work;
- high performance;
- low price.
Flaws:
noisy work.
Aquario Auto ADB-35 should be purchased for pumping clean water from wells or wells. An excellent solution for an individual water supply system at an affordable price.
Termica Comfortline TL PI 15
4.8
★★★★★
editorial score
87%
buyers recommend this product
The main material used in the manufacture of this model was stainless steel. All important structural elements are resistant to corrosion and wear. A feature of the pumping station is a convenient power adjustment. Three operating modes provide convenient use of the system for solving various problems, and at the same time allow you to save electricity.
The maximum pressure is 15 meters, the throughput is 1.5 m³ / h. The unit can be installed in any position. It is equipped with overload protection and automatic relay, which allows you to forget about the need for frequent maintenance of the device.
Advantages:
- easy installation;
- durable case;
- economical energy consumption;
- low noise level;
- small dimensions.
Flaws:
vibration at work.
Termica Comfortline is recommended for use in domestic water systems. Equipment should be purchased by owners of private low-rise houses or summer cottages.
Calculation of a well pump for water supply at home
When calculating a well electric pump for permanent water supply of an individual house, the main results of the calculations obtained are the height of the water column and the volume of the pumped liquid. The initial data are the estimated or calculated volumes of water consumption according to tables or using online calculators.
Consumption volume
There are two main methods for calculating the volume of water consumed: the first is to calculate the water consumption of each resident, the second is to calculate the total water consumption of plumbing fixtures.In both cases, tables or online calculators are used. The indicator of the average daily water consumption by one person is more significant in calculating the ability of the source to maintain a static water level with constant water consumption with a certain volume.
The main task of the electric pump is to sufficiently fill the mains with water while turning on the maximum number of plumbing fixtures that can be used by residents, taking into account working household appliances (washing machines and dishwashers).
Therefore, when the tables calculate and add up the water consumption of all plumbing fixtures, this is not entirely true - for convenience, an individual residential building may contain several sanitary facilities, an excess number of showers and bathtubs, which the owners rarely use. If this plumbing is taken into account when calculating the total water consumption, the result will be excessive throughput parameters of the purchased pump - this will lead to energy overruns and unjustified financial costs.
To calculate the maximum volume of water consumption per unit of time for a family of three living in an individual residential building, you can use an online calculator or make simple calculations manually. If we take the three sources with the highest water consumption and add a small amount from household appliances (the tables show values \u200b\u200bthat should not be taken into account - water consumption by appliances does not occur in a constant mode), then as a result of simple manual calculations, we get peak water consumption per family from 3 people - 2.5 cubic meters / h.The indicator was obtained using the most water-intensive plumbing equipment - a bathroom, in the absence of such amenities, a water supply of 2 cubic meters / h is quite enough.
Rice. 13 Table of water consumption by plumbing fixtures
pressure
When calculating the pressure, the formula given above for organizing irrigation (H = Hv + Hg + Hp + Hd) is used, the calculations are carried out according to the same method, the main problem is the calculation of hydraulic resistance, more precisely, that part of the pressure that will be needed to overcome pipe resistance sections.
There is also a table taking into account the resistance of fittings, taps, bends, tees and other parts of plumbing fittings. Using online calculators, you can calculate the hydraulic resistance of a pipeline of a given length, depending on the material of its manufacture and diameter. If the line is made of hydraulically smooth HDPE pipes with a diameter of more than 1 inch and assembled in accordance with standard regulations, its hydraulic resistance can be taken equal to 20% of the entire length of the line.
For example, let's calculate the pressure characteristics of a submersible pump installed at a depth of 10 m, the distance to the house is 50 meters, the line length in the house is 50 meters, the height of the lift from the basement to the second floor is 5 meters, the highest pressure in the system is 3 bar. Similarly to the method discussed above, we get the result:
H \u003d 10 + (5 + 5) + 5 + 115 x 20 / 100 + 30 \u003d 78 (m.)
According to the graph of pressure characteristics, we determine a suitable electric pump, the choice of a Gileks brand device for solving the tasks set is not suitable for us (a supply volume of 2.5 m.cub./h corresponds to 41.6 l./m.), so we do not consider it. The corresponding model SQ-2-85 is in the Grundfos equipment line (Fig.14, point 5), with which you can make a water pipe with calculated parameters.
Rice. 14 Grundfos pressure characteristics
What to look for when choosing a well pump
When thinking about which pump is best for a well, pay attention to the following criteria:
Performance. The pump for the well must cover at least 50% of the total water consumption in the water supply system (washbasins, shower cabin, sink, etc.) and at the same time not exceed the flow rate of the well (so that it does not suck water out of the well faster than it is drawn there). The well flow rate can be viewed in the well installation passport. The table below shows how much water each draw-off point consumes on average. Suppose you have a washbasin, shower, toilet and washing machine in your house. Then your pump should produce a minimum of (600+720+720+420)/2 = 1230 l/h. Thus, it is possible to accurately calculate the submersible pump for the well. Which one is best for you will depend on your conditions.
| Consumer | Flow l/min | Consumption m³/h |
| Washbasin with sink | 10 | 0,6 |
| Washbasin | 10 | 0,6 |
| Bath/hydromassage | 18 | 1,08 |
| Shower | 12 | 0,72 |
| Toilet | 7 | 0,42 |
| Bidet | 6 | 0,36 |
| Washing machine | 12 | 0,72 |
| Kitchen sink | 12 | 0,72 |
| Dishwasher | 8 | 0,48 |
| Water tap 1/2″ | 20 | 1,2 |
| Water tap 3/4″ | 25 | 1,5 |
Maximum pressure. This is the height to which the pump can lift the water. However, the maximum pressure determines not only the height to which the unit is able to “throw” water, but also the pressure that will be at the outlet at a particular draw-off point. So the pressure for a conventional sink needs less than, for example, for a shower. Therefore, it is worth taking with a margin of 10 - 15%.For example, if your pump will be immersed 20 m into the well, and you will need to raise water to the second floor 6 m up, then you should take a pump with a maximum head of at least (20 + 6) + (20 +6) * 0, 15 \u003d 29.9 m. The closest device will be with a head of 30 m.
Maximum immersion depth. This refers to the depth of immersion under water, and not generally in the well. Suppose you have a well with a total depth of 50 m, but from the surface to the water surface 20 m. So we have 30 m of water space, and if you want to lower the unit almost to the very bottom, then its maximum immersion depth should be at least 30 m.
Power cord length. The power cord should be no less than the total depth of the well (if you lower it to the very bottom) plus the distance to the outlet. At first glance, this may seem like a small thing, but practice has shown that many buyers make mistakes with the length of the cord and then start adding a bunch of carriers.
Overheat protection. All submersible pumps have a well-organized cooling system, since the device is placed in water. However, under extreme operating conditions, the engine may still overheat. If you plan to load the unit to the fullest, then it is better to buy a model with a thermal relay that will turn off the design when the engine overheats.
Dry run protection. This feature will turn off the device if the water level in the well falls to a critical level so that it does not idle. A very useful feature, especially during periods of seasonal water level drop.
Voltage. Most household pumps operate on conventional single-phase networks, 220 V. However, there are devices that are powered exclusively from 380 V.For the most part, these are professional units, so it is not advisable to use them in everyday life.
However, pay attention to this indicator so as not to accidentally buy a three-phase model. Number of suction stages
Single-stage devices have one rotation wheel inside the body
Number of suction stages. Single-stage devices have one rotation wheel inside the body
In terms of power and performance, they significantly lose to multi-stage units, however, they are much cheaper. If you have a large well depth or need to use water to irrigate fields, then multistage borehole pumps are suitable for you. What brand to choose a device? If you want to save money, then take domestic units.
The above criteria help you understand how to choose a pump for a well. Now let's look at the ranking of the best models of 2019 - 2020.
The best deep well pump BELAMOS TF-100 (1300 W)

- height of water rise - up to 100 meters;
- productivity - 4 cubic meters per hour;
- built-in check valve;
- overheat protection.
The most powerful device in the review consists of a single-phase 1300 watt electric motor and a multi-stage pump with floating wheels. The specially shaped vanes provide good throughput with low energy consumption. It is completed with an electric cable in double isolation 80 m long. The best deep-well pump for a well in a top.
Designed for long-term continuous operation, but dry running is strictly prohibited. The product does not require special maintenance. If it is necessary to clean the pump part, the design provides easy access to the pump mechanism. The body is made of corrosion resistant steel.
It is recommended for lifting water from deep mine wells, from other reservoirs, including surface ones, for water supply to houses and work as part of an irrigation system.
There is a high throughput, good pressure even at increased flow, reliability
Attention is drawn to the need for high-quality installation. Recognized as the best pump in the mid-price category

Pros:
- full compliance with the declared characteristics and passport data;
- high power and pressure;
- quality manufacturing;
- works well with an unstable 220V network with voltage drops.
Selection Options
Well pumps are easy to distinguish even by their appearance. They are an elongated cylinder made of stainless steel or plastic. Naturally, stainless steel models are more expensive - the steel must be of high quality (usually food grade AISI304). Pumps in a plastic case are much cheaper. Although they are made of a special impact-resistant plastic, they must be handled with care - it still does not tolerate shock loads very well. All other parameters will have to be selected.
Brief technical characteristics of the pump for the well
Water flow and pump performance
In order for the water in the house or in the country to be with sufficient pressure, equipment is needed that can deliver the required volume of liquid. This parameter is called pump performance, measured in liters or milliliters (grams) per unit of time:
- ml/s - milliliters per second;
- l / min - liters per minute;
- l / h or cubic / h (m³ / h) - liters or cubic meters per hour (one cubic meter is equal to 1000 liters).
Borehole pumps can lift from 20 liters/min to 200 liters/min. The more productive the unit, the greater the power consumption and the higher the price.Therefore, we choose this parameter with a reasonable margin.
One of the key parameters for selecting a well pump is performance
The required amount of water is calculated by two methods. The first takes into account the number of people living and the total expense. If four people live in the house, then the water consumption per day will be at the rate of 800 liters (200 l / person). If there is not only water supply from the well, but also irrigation, then some more moisture must be added. We divide the total amount by 12 (not by 24 hours, because at night we use water supply to a minimum). We get how much we will spend on average per hour. Dividing it by 60, we get the required pump performance.
For example, for a family of four and watering a small garden, it takes 1,500 liters per day. Divide by 12, we get 125 liters / hour. In a minute it will be 2.08 l / min. If you often have guests, you may need a little more water, so we can increase the consumption by about 20%. Then you will need to look for a pump with a capacity of about 2.2-2.3 liters per minute.
Lifting height (pressure)
When choosing a pump for a well, you will inevitably study the technical specifications. There are parameters such as lifting height and immersion depth. Lifting height - also called pressure - is a calculated value. It takes into account the depth from which the pump will pump water, the height to which it must be raised in the house, the length of the horizontal section and the resistance of the pipes. Calculated according to the formula:
The formula for calculating the pump head
An example of calculating the required pressure. Let it be necessary to raise water from a depth (pump installation site) of 35 meters. The horizontal section is 25 meters, which equates to 2.5 meters of elevation.The house is two-story, the highest point is a shower on the second floor at a height of 4.5 m. Now we consider: 35 m + 2.5 m + 4.5 m = 42 m. We multiply this figure by the correction factor: 42 * 1.1 5 = 48.3 m. That is, the minimum pressure or lifting height is 50 meters.
If there is a hydraulic accumulator in the water supply system of the house, it is not the distance to the highest point that is taken into account, but its resistance. It depends on the pressure in the tank. One atmosphere is equal to 10 meters of pressure. That is, if the pressure in the GA is 2 atm, when calculating, instead of the height of the house, substitute 20 m.
Immersion depth
Another important parameter in the technical specifications is the immersion depth. This is the amount with which the pump can pump out water. It varies from 8-10 m for very low-power models to 200 m and more. That is, when choosing a pump for a well, you need to look at both characteristics at once.
For different wells, the depth of immersion is different
How to determine how deep to lower the pump? This figure should be in the passport for the well. It depends on the total depth of the well, its size (diameter) and flow rate (the rate at which water arrives). In general, the recommendations are as follows: the pump should be at least 15-20 meters below the water surface, but even lower is better. When the pump is turned on, the liquid level drops by 3-8 meters. The amount remaining above it is pumped out. If the pump is very productive, it pumps quickly, it must be lowered lower, otherwise it will often turn off due to lack of water.
Well diameter
An important role in the selection of equipment is played by the diameter of the well. Most domestic well pumps have sizes from 70 mm to 102 mm. In general, this parameter is usually measured in inches. If so, then the easiest way to find three and four inch specimens.The rest are made to order.
The well pump must fit in the casing













































