Connecting the air conditioner motor: diagram and steps for connecting the outdoor and indoor units

Briefly about the principle of operation of the equipment

Modern devices for maintaining an optimal microclimate in the room will help make life more comfortable, as well as protect the body from harmful external influences.

Climatic equipment is divided according to the scope of use - industrial, semi-industrial and household. Depending on the type of installation, stationary and mobile models are distinguished.

Depending on the type of construction, air conditioners are floor-shelf, wall-mounted, floor-standing, cassette, column, channel, window.

The principle of their operation is based on a change in the state of aggregation of freon depending on pressure and temperature in a closed system. The devices do not independently produce heat and cold, but only transfer it, depending on the selected mode, from indoors to outdoors or vice versa.

It is important not only to install and connect the climate equipment correctly, but also to operate it according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Among which are the maximum permissible ambient temperature for the operation of the air conditioner, as well as mandatory maintenance, including regular cleaning.

The first stage of device installation

Before starting installation work, you need to decide where to install the split system. To determine the most optimal location, it is worth considering some factors.

1. In no case should the indoor unit of the system be installed where air circulation is limited. This is possible due to closely spaced cabinets, curtains or partitions.
2. The distance between the equipment and the nearest obstacle should not be less than 1 meter, since the cold air, reflected from it, will quickly return back without changing its temperature. Because of this, the system will quickly turn off, considering that the desired temperature has been reached.
3. It is advisable to locate the indoor unit of the system away from the place where people spend most of their time.

It is not difficult to install a split system yourself, the main thing is to observe the correct operation during installation. So, when fixing the outdoor unit, you need to carefully monitor the following:

• it was located on a flat surface, and there were no sources of heat or steam nearby;
• the block was installed strictly horizontally, therefore, when fastening to the surface, it is advisable to use the building level;
• the unit located outside cannot be mounted close to the wall. The distance between the device and the wall must not be less than 10 cm. The air must circulate freely in the space left.

During the installation of the indoor unit, the following rules should be observed:

• when installing the unit, make sure so that it is located strictly horizontally, without slopes;
• try to keep the distance between outdoor and indoor unit;
• do not install the equipment close to the ceiling or near sources of steam or heat.

So, when the place is chosen, you can proceed directly to the installation work. Start with electrical wiring. The split system should be connected to the mains via a separate line specially allocated for this equipment, with the obligatory installation of an additional machine in the electrical panel.

We offer you to familiarize yourself with the 11 best means of how to quickly stretch jeans at home.

4 Socket for mobile air conditioner

To connect a mobile or low power air conditioner, you need to purchase a three-core VVG cable with a cross section of 2.5 mm², a three-core PVA wire of 1.5 mm², a grounding socket and a plug. If there is no free machine in the electrical panel, then you should also buy it.

The cable is fixed with a solution in the channel

Then the PVA connecting wire with a plug is assembled, and the other end is connected to the air conditioner.To do this, the panel and protective cover are removed, the terminal screws are loosened, the stripped ends of the wire are inserted one by one and tightened securely.

The cover and panel are installed in place. To check the correctness of all connections, a test run of the unit is carried out. To do this, include an electric machine and air conditioning. It is advisable to check the device in all operating modes.

General recommendations for connection

It should be understood that the air conditioner has a lot of power. In addition, it is distinguished by significant starting currents. Therefore, you can connect such a device directly to the premises network only if the following conditions are met.

1. The power of the device does not exceed a couple of kilowatts.
2. The wiring in the house is arranged with a cable with a cross section of at least 2.5 sq. mm, for modern split systems it is desirable to have 4 sq. mm.
3. The air conditioner is turned on in an unloaded branch, where there are no other powerful consumers besides it.
4. A circuit breaker with a current of 20A must be present on the air conditioner connection line.

In some cases, you can connect the air conditioner temporarily, until the necessary infrastructure of the power supply network with optimal characteristics is arranged.

Air conditioning fan motor selection

PG engine

In a split system, the engine is located in both the outdoor and indoor units. The fan motor of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner is made of metal, and the internal one is made of durable plastic.

Engine types:

• Multi-winding: different fan speeds are obtained by supplying energy to different windings.
• DC-inverter - most often used in inverter motors. By changing the amplitude of the constant voltage, the rotation speed is regulated.
• PG-motor - with the help of a regulating element (triac or thyristor), voltage is applied through a winding consisting of two parts. Different fan speeds are achieved by changing the amplitude of the control voltage.

Armed with knowledge, the user will be able to easily select the engine for the air conditioner and detect problems in the system in time.

1 Connection methods

For domestic air conditioners, the electrical connection diagram differs from more powerful industrial units. The latter are usually connected to a three-phase network, and home - only to a single-phase. There are two main methods of electrical connection of the air conditioner:

• direct connection of the plug of the device to the socket;
• installation of a separate cable to the electrical panel.

In the first case, the connection is made, as in the situation with any other electrical equipment. The disadvantage of this method is considered to be an excessive load on the outlet if the device has a high power. In addition, protruding wires do not look very attractive and spoil the interior. This method is suitable for mobile and low-power units. The second method is more laborious, but allows you to hide extra wires in the wall gate and connect more powerful devices.

Auxiliary line laying

Auxiliary power line connects the external and internal blocks of the split system. In this case, the latter acts as a leader, exercising centralized control. The power cable of the outdoor unit must be selected according to the manufacturer's recommendations for power. Usually this is a copper stranded wire with a cross section of at least 2.5 sq. mm.

The power cable can be laid along with the freon line. There is an option to install a separate plastic box for it, fortunately, today it is easy to buy it in the color and size necessary for perfect integration into the interior. The most accurate method is to lay the cable and freon lines in strobes, one or two separate ones.

What types of air conditioners are there and how to choose an air conditioner

There are three types of home air conditioners:

1. Window. This technique is a monoblock. Mounted in window openings or a thin wall. This type of air conditioning equipment has positive and negative sides. The advantages of this equipment include low cost and ease of installation. The disadvantage is the limited place where it can be installed, the deterioration of lighting in the room, as well as the deterioration of the appearance of facade buildings. This air conditioner can not only cool, but also heat the air in the apartment. It is allowed to heat at any mark of a negative temperature, in the case of using an electric heater in the heating mode. If it is not used, then it should not be heated at -10 degrees and below.
2. Wall. Also called a split system. Most owners buy this type of equipment to install air conditioning in their apartment. Consists of blocks: internal and external. If you add several indoor to outdoor, then you get a multi split. The air conditioner itself consists of a condenser, a compressor, fans and a thermostatic expansion valve, as well as an evaporator. In turn, this technique is divided into: direct-flow, recirculation and air conditioning with recirculation.More recently, new types of split systems have entered the technology market. It's called an inverter air conditioner. This is an air conditioner with improved compressor performance. Due to this, it is more economical, but expensive to buy.
3. Mobile. It is a monoblock for cooling the air in the room. The advantages of this air conditioner include small size, the ability to move, as well as the absence of the need for special installation. The disadvantage of this technique is low power, increased noise level. The negative qualities can also be attributed to the fact that they can only cool one room.

When buying air conditioning systems, you need to look first of all at two main parameters. This is the cooling and consumption power. As a rule, they relate to each other as 1:3. If the power of the air conditioner is 2.5 kW, then the power consumption will be 800 watts. Remember that when choosing a certain model, it is necessary to calculate the optimal cooling capacity for a certain room.

10 m2 is capable of cooling equipment with a power of 1 kW. Based on this, you can easily determine which air conditioner you need. Be mindful of the equipment you have in the room. For each device you need to add 0.5 kW. You should not save on the power of air conditioning devices, because low-power models will work "for wear", which means that the split system will quickly break down. An air conditioner needs more energy to heat the air than it does to cool it. This means that the performance of equipment in terms of heat is an order of magnitude higher than in terms of cold.

Inverter air conditioners can independently regulate their power of operation, based on the readings of temperature sensors.The principle of its operation is that when the air in the room reaches a certain temperature, the equipment switches to an economical mode of operation. It simply maintains the level of the set temperature, working at low speeds. These cooling systems last long enough and can save you energy, but they are too expensive, as discussed above.

If you want to make the air in the room cleaner, then you can choose for yourself a device that has such a function. When solving the problem of which air conditioner to install in an apartment, you need to understand for what purposes the filter will be installed. For rough cleaning, it should be installed in front of the heat exchanger. Such a device is designed to remove large particles from the air. It represents a mesh that, as you use it, needs to be washed with running water.

Filters for fine air purification, perfectly cope with the smallest particles of dust, cigarette smoke, pollen from plants and other irritants. These filters are usually already installed in the split system. Charcoal - perfectly cope with unpleasant odors, and electric filters remove dust residues. These devices do not require any maintenance, but they will have to be changed every couple of years. When choosing an air conditioner, it is desirable to know its noise level

This is important for a comfortable pastime after you decide where to install the air conditioner in the apartment. Try to choose a technique with a low indicator of this parameter.

Keep in mind that each operating mode of the split system has its own noise level value. For the indoor unit, it ranges from 26 to 48 dB, and for the external one - 38-56.During operation at minimum power, the noise will not be the same as at maximum.

Connecting the indoor unit of the air conditioner with a separate power supply line

This method is considered quite popular. With it, you can reliably protect the power grid from overloads. Here are the basic guidelines you should follow when connecting your air conditioner to a separate power line:

1. Your electrical box must be grounded.
2. To protect the air conditioner, it is necessary to install an RCD in the shield. RCD should be used the same as when connecting the generator to the house.
3. The wires must be copper and have a cross section of 3x2.5 cm.

You must read the instructions before connecting. With its help, you will definitely be able to correctly connect the air conditioner.

Connecting blocks

Here, in general, there are no special secrets. The communications stretched through the hole in the wall are connected to the appropriate connectors. There are no problems with connecting the cable - connect wires of the same color to the terminals that are already connected to them. In this case, you can't really go wrong.

If the height difference in the installation of blocks exceeds 5 meters, it is necessary to make a loop to catch the oil (we lay copper pipes in this way) dissolved in freon. If the drop is lower, we do not make any loops.

Laying the route between the indoor and outdoor unit of the split system

Drainage

There are two ways to divert drainage from the split system - into the sewer or just outside, outside the window. The second method is more common with us, although it is not very correct.

This is the drain outlet of the indoor unit (handy)

Connecting the drain tube is also easy.A corrugated hose is easily pulled onto the outlet of the drainage system of the indoor unit (a tube with a plastic tip at the bottom of the unit). To keep it secure, you can tighten the connection with a clamp.

The same is the case with the drainage from the outdoor unit. Exit it at the bottom. Often they leave everything as it is, and the water just drips down, but it's probably better to also put on a drainage hose and take moisture away from the walls.

Outdoor Unit Drainage

If not a hose is used, but a polymer pipe, it will be necessary to select an adapter that will allow you to connect the outlet of the air conditioner and the tube. You will have to watch on the spot, because situations are different.

When laying a drain pipe, it is better to avoid sharp turns and certainly not to allow sagging - condensation will accumulate in these places, which is not good at all. As has been said more than once, the tube is laid out with a slope. Optimal - 3 mm per 1 meter, minimum - 1 mm per meter. Throughout it is fixed to the wall, at least every meter.

Freon circulation system

It is somewhat more difficult with connecting copper pipes. They are carefully laid out along the walls, avoiding kinks and creases. For bending, it is better to use a pipe bender, but you can get by with a spring one. In this case, sharp turns should also be avoided, but in order not to bend the tubes.

The ports on the outdoor unit look like this. Same on the inside

From the beginning, we connect the tubes in the indoor unit. On it, we twist the nuts from the ports. As the nuts loosen, a hiss is heard. It's nitrogen coming out. This is normal - nitrogen is pumped in at the factory so that the insides do not oxidize.When the hissing stops, take out the plugs, remove the nut, put it on the tube, and then start rolling.

rolling

First, remove the plugs from the pipes and check the edge. It should be smooth, round, without burrs. If the section is not round during cutting, use a calibrator. This is a small device that can be found in the forehead shop. It is inserted into the pipe, scrolled, aligning the section.

The edges of the tubes are carefully aligned for 5 cm, after which the edges are flared so that they can be connected to the inlet / outlet of the blocks, creating a closed system. The correct execution of this part of the installation is very important, since the freon circulation system must be airtight. Then refueling the air conditioner will not be needed soon.

Expanding copper pipes for air conditioning installation

When flaring, hold the pipe with the hole down. Again, so that copper particles do not get inside, but spill out onto the floor. In the holder, it is clamped so that it sticks out 2 mm outward. That's right, no more, no less. We clamp the tube, put the flaring cone, twist it, applying solid efforts (the tube is thick-walled). The flaring is finished when the cone goes no further. We repeat the operation on the other side, then with the other tube.

This is what the result should be

If you have not rolled pipes before, it is better to practice on unnecessary pieces. The edge should be smooth, with a clear continuous border.

Port connection

We connect the flared edge of the pipe to the corresponding outlet, tighten the nut. No additional gaskets, sealants and the like should be used (forbidden).For this, they take special tubes made of high-quality copper so that they provide sealing without additional funds.

Connection principle of copper tube with air conditioner port

You need to make a serious effort - about 60-70 kg. Only in this case, the copper will flatten out, compress the fitting, the connection will become almost monolithic and accurately sealed.

The same operation is repeated with all four outputs.

Connecting the air conditioner to the power supply

Connecting an air conditioner is an expensive service and that is why you can install it yourself. Here are the main steps you need to follow when connecting the air conditioner:

• It is necessary to connect a cable that will connect external and internal devices.
• The second cable should be connected to the indoor unit of your air conditioner with an electrical panel.
• If your air conditioner has high power, then you need to connect it through an additional electrical panel.

When you connect the air conditioner to the mains, then you should remember that the wiring must be done in special strobes. If corrugated sleeves are used for wiring, then additional decorative boxes must be used.

What is the procedure for connecting the air conditioner to the mains

It should be borne in mind that if several switches are installed nearby, their performance deteriorates due to poor cooling.

Refrigerant circuit diagram

In practice, two basic methods are used to connect the air conditioning system. The ends of unused conductors must be carefully insulated with insulating tape.

To connect the indoor unit, you need to use reinforced sockets and install a circuit breaker nearby. It is better to make a groove in the wall from the existing outlet and lay the power cable through it in the corrugated pipe to the split system unit, and then mount a special outlet with a decorative overlay into the wall. Low system power.

Installation of brackets Brackets are installed according to the markup, align and securely tighten the bolts. For the efficient operation of climate systems, copper wires are used: for a single-phase connection - 3 wires, for a three-phase version - 5 wires. They can be connected both to a permanently laid electrical network, and have a separately laid cable line. Wires are not laid next to the pipes of the heating system and gas supply, the standard distance between communications is not closer than a meter. First, the wiring is laid.
Errors when installing the air conditioner

Collector type of engine

The air conditioner commutator motor has a large starting torque without special modifications. It is easy to set up, for which it has been popular with home appliance manufacturers in the past.

With the development of technology, the collector motor has become less in demand for several reasons:

• The maximum performance is 40 thousand revolutions per minute. Not enough for an air conditioner. For example, this number of revolutions is comparable to the operation of a centrifugal juicer.

• Collector motors do not tolerate an aggressive environment, which in urban operating conditions quickly leads to a breakdown of the device.

• One of the biggest negatives is the noise during the operation of the air conditioner. It is impossible to calmly talk, read and generally relax next to him. Moreover, the noise level of such devices sometimes exceeds the law on silence, which can result in an administrative fine.
• With frequent work, you have to constantly clean the brushes.
• Graphite, used as one of the materials, breaks down all the time.

Pressure and seal test

Before the process of pumping freon, be sure to check the drainage. To do this, after removing the filter, pour clean water onto the evaporator of the indoor unit, as if simulating the formation of condensate.

If the drainage is done correctly, then the water will freely exit through the tube and not overflow over the edge of the inner pan.

Also, before opening the ports of the freon line, it is advisable to check the pressure in the system. The manufacturer, as a rule, fills the refrigerant for 5 meters of the route, and reports this on the nameplate of the outdoor unit.

However, there are also half-empty copies (they save freon).

Next, the tightness of all connections is checked. Super-professionals do it for the right price with nitrogen, at a pressure of 38 bar. But are you willing to pay money for such quality?

In the standard version, after disconnecting the vacuum pump, a certain amount of refrigerant (5-7 bar) is simply released into the route and the pressure value is memorized.

Wait 20 minutes and check if the readings have changed. With a positive result, using the hexagons, the service valves of the air conditioner are fully opened and all the freon is launched into the line.

Next, apply voltage to the air conditioner and test it in all modes.During cooling, measure the surface temperature of the evaporator with a pyrometer, and best of all with a contact thermometer.

After entering the operating mode, it should be at least + 6C. If the temperature is higher, additional freon charging may be required.

In this case, a complete reload of the system is used more, and not just its refueling, due to the complexity of the process.

If all the installation steps are completed without comment, you can enjoy the coolness and assume that your air conditioner is installed correctly.

Household split system diagram

The split system is traditionally used in everyday life for air conditioning. True, in addition to this version of household air conditioners, other designs are also used. However, as practice shows, the operation of another type of climate equipment is much less common.

Structural features of the air conditioner

What is, from a structural point of view, a household split system?

Actually, this is air conditioning equipment, consisting of two separate modules (blocks):

1. Block for internal installation.
2. Block for external installation.

Indoor installation means the installation of one part of the air conditioner structure (indoor unit) directly inside the room where ambient air treatment is required.

Accordingly, external installation means the installation of another part of the air conditioner structure (a unit for external installation), directly outside the room. As a rule, installation in this case is carried out on the street side of the wall of a house or premises for other purposes.

But first, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with where you can put the air conditioner in a private house and apartment.

A classic example of a split system (household air conditioning unit), structurally consisting of two separate modules - outdoor and indoor

Bundle of indoor and outdoor modules

At the next stage, the user needs to link both modules into a single working system.

It is envisaged that the modules are connected mechanically by pipelines for the circulation of the refrigerant, as well as electrically connected by an electric cable, respectively. This process is called laying the route of the air conditioner.

Connection procedure on modules (split indoor module shown) of refrigerant circulating piping as well as electrical conductors

In fact, a household air conditioner contains several functional electric motors, each of which requires power supply:

• compressor motor;
• outdoor module fan motor;
• indoor unit fan motor.

In addition, the air conditioning system can be additionally equipped with electric motors, the operation of which drives the blinds that direct the outgoing air flow in the right direction.

Blinds for the regulation of the outgoing air flow are usually part of the design of the indoor unit of a domestic air conditioning unit.

Demonstration of a fully assembled split systems with installation indoor and outdoor units combined into a single structure through process connections

Depending on the power level of the outdoor module of the air conditioning unit, two or more condenser cooling fans (installed in the outdoor module) can be used.

True, for household climate equipment such options are rare.But for use in offices, split systems for two fans are quite common.