How to arrange heating of a private house without gas: organizing a system in a wooden building

Oil boilers

It is possible to heat a dwelling with the help of equipment that runs on liquid fuel. Solar oil is used as fuel. Such boilers are equipped with fan burners.

This device atomizes the fuel and delivers it to the combustion chamber.

The device is equipped with a special regulator. It controls the appliances that are connected to the boiler. It can be a burner or a pump.

An important parameter of a liquid fuel boiler is power. This option requires a preliminary calculation. This takes into account the number of window and door openings, the thickness of walls and ceilings.

A separate room is selected for the installation of a liquid fuel boiler. It should have a hood and a place to store fuel.

To heat a house without gas and electricity, it is necessary to equip the device with a special filter. This will prevent the injectors from getting dirty.

If the fuel needs to be replaced, the burner is reset.

Solar equipment is characterized by noiselessness and performance.

Liquid-fuel structures have high efficiency and can heat large rooms.

This system is completely autonomous, which allows heating without gas and wood. Permits are not required for the installation of such a system. Similar designs work on various types of fuel and with any coolants.

When arranging equipment, it is worth considering the following features:

1. Fuel costs increase compared to gas appliances.
2. A container for storing fuel raw materials is installed in the room.
3. A separate boiler room is being set up. as the heating system is characterized by unpleasant odors.
4. Electricity will be required, as a backup generator must be started when the power goes out. In this case, you can heat the house without gas.

If we compare performance and characteristics, a liquid fuel boiler is on the same level as a gas boiler, it differs only in the price of fuel and its types.

If not gas, then what?

The most affordable, cheap and efficient heating of a country house without gas is heating with wood. In rural areas, this method is most relevant due to the availability of material. Firewood also requires warehousing and storage, which is not a problem in the countryside. Devices for burning wood - conventional stoves and solid fuel boilers. The stove has the advantage that you can cook food on it, and you can even sleep on the Russian stove!

The principle of operation of the boiler on wood or other solid fuels is to heat the coolant that circulates through the heating system and heats the house. For concentrated heat release, radiators, batteries or registers are used. Solid fuel boilers are also developing in several directions - there are gas generating models, pyrolysis units and classic devices operating according to a simplified scheme.

Electric boilers offered by domestic and foreign manufacturers are reliable in operation, durable in operation, maintainable and have a high efficiency. The disadvantage of these devices is that the cost of electricity in light of its consumption by the boiler will be high, and the larger the house, the higher the costs.

An alternative to familiar and traditional stoves and boilers is the use of innovative, environmentally friendly technologies. This is the fuel that nature itself has prepared for us, and it almost does not need to be processed. For example, a heat pump that operates on the temperature difference between soil layers at different depths and the ambient temperature on the surface.

The heat pump is increasingly used in country houses, as it does not require fuel for the winter, it is environmentally friendly, technologically advanced, durable and relatively cheap. The disadvantage of a heat pump is the cost of the device and its installation, but it is comparable to the savings in the operation of the heating system, since it does not incur any additional costs - for repair, maintenance and preventive maintenance of equipment.

Solar batteries, wind generators and geothermal sources are the prerogative of mountainous regions, but people live in the mountains, so the percentage of use of such unusual heat sources is very high.For example, in Russia, electricity generated from such natural sources is used by about 15% of the population.

Options for selecting a suitable system

The primary task when choosing the best option for heating a wooden house is to decide on the energy carrier that is optimal for you. Possible solutions include:

• gas;
• liquid fuel;
• electricity;
• firewood, coal, briquettes.

The choice of fuel type should be made taking into account the following aspects:

• uninterrupted and hassle-free possibility of its receipt/acquisition;
• its compatibility with a certain type of system;
• required storage conditions;
• ease of maintenance of the relevant equipment;
• reliability of the resulting system;
• the possibility of “introducing” automatic control.

As for the cost of thermal energy sources, gas is the cheapest. Electricity and diesel will be much more expensive. Diesel fuel and solid fuels require delivery, therefore, when evaluating their “profitability”, it is necessary to take into account transportation costs plus labor costs for their unloading.

You can use our online calculator to roughly estimate what is more expensive:

Next, you should figure out what equipment for generating heat will be installed: a boiler or convectors, a stove or a fireplace, etc.

There are various ways to organize heating in a wooden house, and each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.

A wide range of heating equipment on the market allows the buyer to choose high-quality units that best suit the needs of a particular home.

Particular attention should be paid to the competent development of the layout of devices for heating - the quality of distribution of thermal energy directly depends on this.You can choose a complex system consisting of a boiler, radiators and pipelines, or you can choose local heating equipment (for example, infrared heaters). You definitely need to find out how much all the necessary devices will cost, how much their installation will “pull”

Calculations should be made taking into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, the material of the pipeline, the origin of the equipment manufacturers. Domestic systems are cheaper than foreign ones; of the latter, you will have to pay the most for Finnish and German quality

You definitely need to find out how much all the necessary devices will cost, how much their installation will “pull”. Calculations should be made taking into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, the material of the pipeline, the origin of the equipment manufacturers. Domestic systems are cheaper than foreign ones; of the latter, you will have to pay the most for Finnish and German quality.

And, finally, it is necessary to analyze the volume of fixed costs for heat supply of a wooden house - here both monthly energy costs and the cost of repairing or replacing individual elements of the installed system, as well as its maintenance, should be taken into account.

Having thoughtfully compared all the options acceptable within the budget, you can easily decide on the most effective system that requires moderate costs.

When designing a heating system for a wooden house, maximum attention should be paid to the safety of its operation.

Not using gas and electricity

To date, there are several alternative options for space heating, which does not require electricity or gas supply.Such heating from pipes without batteries will save. Heating system options are as follows:

• ovens and fireplaces. They heat the room using the energy of burning wood or coal. If you decide and choose this option, you will need to build a furnace or purchase ready-made communications, which you only need to install correctly. At the same time, as a result, the family receives an environmentally friendly and economical method of heating, and if the stove is equipped with a frying surface, then it will completely cope with cooking;
• autonomous heating system from a personal source of electricity, which can be obtained in two ways:

1. with the help of sunlight. Here you will have to spend money on special solar collectors that can convert solar energy into thermal energy and thus work as a heater. Naturally, you will have to invest in the purchase of equipment, but the expenses will be one-time, and the receipt of electricity will be permanent;
2. using the power and energy of the wind. To do this, you will have to build a special apparatus, which consists of a turntable, a generator and a battery. If you can’t assemble it yourself, you can purchase a ready-made structure that converts wind power into electricity.

Video 2. Heating without gas and wood. New!

Without pipes and boilers

An autonomous heating system is often equipped with a boiler to which pipe-radiator communications are connected, which allow heating several rooms at once. However, properly selected heating can work just as effectively. without pipes and batteries, which operates from a single heat source. Most often it is:

• a stove made of brick or metal, which will be ideal for supplying heat to one room or two adjacent rooms;
• a fireplace, which was used in ancient times to heat castles;
• heater of electric type reflex or oil-based;
• air conditioners, etc.

Remember that for a country house, which is built according to the ancient principle of "five-walls", it is quite enough for high-quality heating of one stove, which is located in the middle of the house. Even today, in such structures, heating is carried out without pipes, batteries and boilers.

Heating without fuel

It consists of pipes that are filled with freon, as well as throttle, compressor and heat exchange chambers. The device works according to the refrigerator scheme and is based on simple physical laws.

The pipes are located deep underground or in a lake at a decent depth so that the ambient temperature does not rise above 8 0C even on the hottest day.

Already at 3 0C, freon boils and rises through them into the compressor, where it can be compressed and thus heated up to 80 0C.

In this form, it goes back to the highway underground, repeating the cycle in a circle.

Heat without heating

Even without a heating system, without pipes, radiators and boilers, it is possible to warm up in the room.

There are several methods that are used both together and separately. These include:

• maximum insulation of your home. To keep the particles of heat that come after cooking food, breathing residents, etc. it is enough to insulate the walls, add warm floor coverings to the interior, heavy curtains on the windows so that they block the access of cold air and do not allow heat to leave the room, etc.Even if the heating system works as it should, such nuances will save energy and not consume more heat than necessary;
• warming home wardrobe. Wear a warm sweater and slippers. While watching TV, cover yourself with a warm blanket or use a warm cape, a heating pad in bed and warm drinks (tea, milk);
• psychological warming. We change the design of the room, its color scheme to a warmer one (peach, yellow), add knitted decorative elements and wooden accessories. Use scented candles and photos of warm countries in the interior. Thus, there is an impact in two directions: on the eyes and touch. So you can deceive the body and make you feel warm.

In any case, you can find an opportunity and a suitable method and warm your home. Heating without pipes and boilers can be an effective solution to this problem even in severe frosts. Using the above methods, it will be possible to warm your home even in the most unusual situations.

Schemes for organizing water heating

For heating cottages, heating systems with water as a heat carrier are equipped, consisting of:

• water heating boiler (single-circuit or double-circuit);
• pipelines and fittings (metal or polypropylene);
• bypasses that allow you to turn off individual heaters from the network;
• batteries (cast iron, aluminum, steel and bimetallic);
• expansion tank.

Gas heating units are equipped with a specific security system, including a solenoid valve and a thermocouple. The devices are connected by wires.

If the heating unit is functioning normally, the thermocouple junction is heated by the igniter.At this time, a current flows freely through the solenoid valve winding, which ensures the open position of the valve.

When the thermocouple cools down, gas access is blocked by a solenoid valve.

According to the battery connection scheme, they are single-pipe and two-pipe. In the first case, water is supplied to and removed from the radiator using one pipe. In the second, the heater is connected to two separate pipelines (supply and return).

Heating pipes to batteries can be connected according to the lower, upper, side and diagonal scheme

Heating circuits according to the principle of water movement in pipes come with natural and forced circulation. With the device of the second option, the coolant circulates in the system due to convection and gravity. A forced scheme involves the installation of a circulation pump.

To ensure the normal operation of a system with two or more circuits connected to a manifold, it provides for the installation of a hydraulic arrow. The hydraulic arrow eliminates pressure drops and the likelihood of water hammer.

The expansion tank can be open and closed (divided inside into two parts by a sealed membrane). For gravitational heating systems, an open version will suffice. The closed tank is designed for circuits with forced circulation.

When using an open expansion tank, the water is saturated with air, so that this does not become a problem, the system should be supplemented with an air removal circuit

For small cottages, the natural principle of water movement will suffice. However, if a residential building has two or three floors, then you cannot do without a pump. The length of the circulation circuit in the first scheme is limited to 30 meters.For a greater distance, the boiler will not be able to “push through” water.

With natural circulation of the coolant, there is no pump in the gas heating circuit of a private house. If the boiler is selected non-volatile, then the entire heating system is independent of the power supply. There are simply no elements that consume electricity in it.

On the one hand, it is more stable in operation, but on the other hand, the quality of heating in it is lower (the water reaches the radiators farthest from the water heater when it has cooled down).

Especially the latter concerns pipelines and batteries made of steel or cast iron. These materials have high hydraulic resistance, which reduces the coolant current.

In addition to using standard radiators in a country house, you can organize gas heating using a "warm floor"

It is also possible to organize a combined heating system. In it, the circulation pump is connected to the line through a bypass. If it is necessary to quickly warm the air in the rooms, it turns on to accelerate the circulation of water.

And in other cases, it is cut off from the main pipe by stopcocks, while the system continues to function in a natural (gravitational) mode.

Heat pump

Solving the problem of how to heat a house without gas, sometimes they resort to a very unusual method that does not require any fuel.

This is a heat pump consisting of the following elements:

• Tubes filled with freon.
• Heat exchanger.
• Throttle chamber.
• compressor.

The device is based on the principle of operation of the refrigerator.Tubes with freon inside descend into the ground or the nearest body of water: as a rule, this environment, even in winter, never cools below +8 degrees. Considering the fact that freon boils at a temperature of +3 degrees, this is quite enough for the substance to be constantly in a gaseous state. Rising up, the gas enters the compressor, where it undergoes significant compression. Any substance in such conditions sharply increases its temperature: in the case of freon, it warms up to +80 degrees.

The energy released in this way is used by means of a heat exchanger to heat the coolant in the heating system. The final cooling of freon (as well as the reduction of its pressure) occurs in the throttle chamber, after which it passes into a liquid state. Then the cycle repeats - the liquid is sent through pipes deep into the earth or a reservoir, where it heats up again. For the functioning of this scheme for generating heat for the house, electrical energy will also be required: its consumption here is much less than when using electric boilers or heaters.

4 Wind turbines and solar panels - we generate electricity ourselves

Heat pumps and energy-dependent modern boilers require electrical energy to operate. Without it, high-tech units will not function. You can get energy yourself, without connecting to a centralized power supply. True, in this case, again, we will have to spend a lot of money on the installation of special equipment - solar panels or windmills. The first allow you to get energy from the sun, the second - from the wind.

Structurally, windmills are simple devices.They consist of a generator, a special spinner that captures wind energy, and a battery. But it’s not at all easy to build an efficient windmill that generates enough electricity to heat your home on your own. It would be wiser to purchase a finished design. And exploit it for a long time, recouping the money spent.

A similar situation is observed with solar panels. Homemade installations are not able to generate the amount of energy required to heat a house. And the purchased equipment is not cheap. For this reason, both windmills and solar collectors are most often used as auxiliary sources of "gratuitous" electricity. For full-fledged heating of a country house, their power is not enough. But they allow you to save on energy bills.

Thus, if there is no gas in your suburban home, do not panic. You can heat it in different ways - both classical (potbelly stoves, brick stoves), and with the help of modern technologies. Choose the option that suits you and let your home always be warm and comfortable!

What is the best heating method?

To calculate heat, two units of measurement are used - gigacalories (Gcal / h) and kilowatt hours (kW / h). Also, regional authorities often use kilojoules (kJ) for calculations. Following the generally accepted calculations in gigacalories, it is possible to determine the cost of Gcal / h for any room. So, for heating a room of 150 m2, you need to spend 16 Gcal per heating season, or 2.5 Gcal per month. Determining the price of 1 Gcal can be carried out by a comparative method.

1. For example, let's take gas, the cost of which 1 m3 in 2014 was 4 rubles.The calorific value of network gas is the sum of the calorific value of the mixture that makes up the network gas. Therefore, the specific heat of 1 m3 of a gas mixture lies in the range from 7500-9600 Kcal. Gas boilers have an average efficiency of 90%, as a result, we get the cost of 1 Gcal of heat in the range of 600-700 rubles. If there is no main gas, then bottled gas cannot solve the problem - the composition of the gas is different, and the equipment will have to be redone. When comparing the cost of 1 Gcal of a propane-butane mixture (balloon gas) and the cost of natural gas, it can be seen that the gas mixture is 4-5 times more expensive.
2. The specific heat of combustion of liquid fuel lies within 10000 Kcal/kg or 8650 Kcal/l, since the density of liquid fuel is different, especially considering the time of year. The efficiency of the liquid fuel boiler is 90%. At a cost of 1 liter of diesel fuel of 33 rubles, 1 Gcal will cost 3,300 rubles. Conclusion - heating on liquid fuel will be an expensive pleasure. Given the trend of constant growth in prices for diesel fuel and fuels and lubricants, this is not the most economical way to heat a country house.
3. Coal is a cheap fuel, and the efficiency of solid fuel boilers is often more than 80%. Anthracite is the most expensive brand of coal, and cheaper coal can be used for heating a house - DPK (long-flame, large stove), DKO (long-flame large nut) or chicken coal. A ton of coal costs an average of 6,000 rubles. The specific heat of combustion of coal is 5300-5800 Kcal/kg. Calculations show that the cost of 1 Gcal for heating with coal will be 1200-1300 rubles.
4. Using peat for heating a house will cost more. The specific heat of combustion of peat is 4000 Kcal/kg. This means that the cost of 1 Gcal is 1300-1400 rubles.
5. Pellets are one of the types of solid fuel.Pellets are produced from woodworking industry waste in the form of granules. They are convenient to use in solid fuel boilers with automatic loading. The specific heat of combustion of pellets is 4.2 Kcal/kg. With the cost of pellets for 1 ton of 5,000 rubles per ton, the cost of 1 Gcal will be approximately 1,500 rubles.
6. Electrical energy is the easiest way to heat a house without gas. The efficiency of an electric heater tends to 100%. 1 Gcal is 1163 kWh. Therefore, at the current price of electricity for the village, 2 rubles per 1 kWh, 1 Gcal will cost approximately 1,600 rubles.
7. You can reduce the cost of using electricity for heating by operating a heat pump. The heat pump works on the principle of a refrigerator - the refrigerant evaporates at low positive temperatures. The route is laid along thin long tubes in the ground or at the bottom of a natural reservoir. Even in extreme cold, the correct calculation of the required depth of pipe laying will not allow them to freeze. Having reached the house, the refrigerant begins to condense and gives off the heat accumulated from water or soil to the heating system. The movement of the refrigerant is controlled by a compressor that is powered by electricity. The average electricity consumption of the compressor is 300 W to generate 1 kW of thermal energy. The price of 1 Gcal of heat will be 880 rubles.

The conclusions are obvious and unambiguous - in order to organize economical heating of a country house without gas, it is best to use a heat pump or solid fuel in any form.

The oven is timeless

Despite all the advantages of modern methods of heating a home, stove heating of a wooden house is still in demand. For many, this is a tribute to tradition, an opportunity to create a special atmosphere in the room: not only warm, but also useful to “decorate” the interior.

The stove in a wooden house is always in the spotlight, it not only produces heat, but also brings aesthetic pleasure.

To install a brick oven, you need to equip a separate foundation for it. It is best to do this at the stage of construction of the building. If you plan to install a cast-iron unit, you can do without a foundation. But in both cases, good insulation of the surrounding space is necessary.

The cost of laying the furnace depends on its design, the quality of the bricks, fittings and facing material, the amount of work required. The price of ready-made industrial solutions also varies greatly: the brand, power, type of construction (stove, fireplace or hybrid) matters. But, in general, such a heat generator is not cheap. But this is more than offset by the favorable price of fuel.

Is this heating system efficient? It is difficult to answer unambiguously. By itself, the stove can heat only a small area, and unevenly. But if you choose the appropriate unit, think over a scheme for circulating hot air throughout the house, make a full-fledged air heating, it turns out that stove heating is fully consistent with the expectations of the homeowner.

Solid fuel boilers: wood, coal, pellets

Firewood and coal as fuel are used not only in stoves, but also in various types of solid fuel boilers. In addition to them, wood chips, sawdust, straw, pellets are used.The last type of “fuel”, due to its environmental friendliness, is becoming more and more popular both abroad and in our country and is a granule (capsule) of compressed wood residues.

Solid fuel boiler, at the moment - the best replacement for main gas

As a result of burning fuel, water is heated, which circulates in the heating system, due to this, the premises are heated. Such a system is quite safe and effective, but labor-intensive operation negates this advantage: multiple fuel loading, regular cleaning of the combustion chamber, etc. - all these are unpleasant and tedious procedures.

Now solid fuel boilers are everything is more convenient: so many opt for boilers with automatic fuel supply, which are loaded every few days, or pyrolysis boilers with an unusually high efficiency.

Solid fuel boilers with automatic fuel supply, according to experts, is one of the best options to “arrange” heating a private house without gas.

Fuel types

You can heat a detached country house with the following types of fuel:

• firewood
• coal
• pellets
• peat
• oil or diesel
• liquefied gas
• electricity
• solar energy
• geothermal waters

traditional oven

Heating with wood is a traditional way of heating your home in Russia. The procedure is common and familiar to almost everyone. Dry logs of firewood are laid in the furnace of the furnace (afterwards, coal can be added for longer burning) and kindled. As a result of the combustion of wood or coal, the bricks that make up the massive stove are heated, and the heat enters the ambient air of the room.

Naturally, such heating has a lot of shortcomings - you need to bring and chop firewood, put it in a woodpile. During the heating of the stove, one should not leave the house for a long time, as a fire may occur. You also need to close the view on the chimney in time so that the heat remains as long as possible.

However, special attention is required here - an early closed pipe can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning of all residents.

In the morning the house in good frosts becomes very cool, and it is necessary to kindle the stove again to heat it up.

However, despite these shortcomings, the warmth from a wood-burning stove evokes nostalgic feelings and creates a cozy atmosphere in the house. In addition, there is no need to lay pipes, install radiators, which means that costs are significantly reduced.

Solid fuel boilers

A modern solid fuel device can serve as a replacement for the stove, if the question is how to arrange heating at home without gas. It works on the same wood, coal, pellets or liquid fuel.

Currently, a huge number of similar units with different functionality, different brands and models, different in cost are offered.

These units may vary:

• by the number of circuits - one or two
• according to the material of the heat exchanger - steel or cast iron
• according to the method of circulation of the coolant - natural or forced
• and many other options

Solid fuel heating boiler with water circuit

If equipment with one circuit is selected, then the house will be provided only with heat. Two circuits make it possible to also receive hot water for domestic needs.In such devices, there is a boiler inside, where the water is heated to a certain temperature, set by special sensors.

However, if an increased consumption of hot water is expected, then it makes sense to install equipment with a single circuit, but add a separate boiler to it, the volume of which can reach up to 200 liters.

The heat exchanger in boilers can be made of steel or cast iron. Cast iron is more durable due to its resistance to corrosion and can be used for up to 50 years. Steel counterparts do not have such durability. Their term is a maximum of 20 years.

The water that is heated in the heating device can move through the pipes in a natural way - due to the pressure difference between the cold and hot liquid and the correct slope of the pipes. But there are heating systems where the movement of the coolant is carried out by a forced method - using a circulation pump.

All solid fuel devices have low efficiency.

Pyrolysis boilers

If it is not possible to provide heating of the house with gas, then it is recommended to choose condensing or pyrolysis boilers, where the efficiency is much higher. In these devices, the process of fuel combustion occurs somewhat differently than in traditional ones.

The fact is that in conventional units, the fuel is burned, and the combustion products are discharged to the outside. But in the process of combustion, water vapor and carbon dioxide are released, which have a significant temperature.

Pellet boilers

Automatic feeding of pellets

These devices have high efficiency and are equipped with automatic fuel loading. But their use in our country has not yet become popular due to the high cost of both the boilers themselves and the pellets.

However, manufacturers of these units already offer boilers where firewood, pressed briquettes from coal, peat and other plant waste can be used as fuel.