Features of laying communications in a frame house

Necessary communications

Laying and installation of communications sewerage in a frame house is performed before the foundation is erected

Their installation begins with the construction of the foundation. A ground loop is installed. Install pipes for sewerage and water supply. Part of the work is carried out after the construction of the box.

Communications in a frame house have a feature.Due to the multi-layered walls and floors, it is easier to hide wiring and pipes in them, without harming the design of the room.

Usually this is not necessary. The house retains heat well inside in winter and maintains a comfortable temperature in summer. Complex heating and ventilation systems are in many cases redundant.

The technology is suitable for permanent residence and construction of seasonal houses. Take a closer look at this option if you plan to acquire your own housing.

Advantages of a wooden house

Sewerage in a wooden house is very easy to install on your own

To date, there has been an increase in the popularity of wooden houses, both in Europe and in Russia. This pattern is explained by such advantages of this material:

• Less energy is needed to heat a room;
• It has climate control, which favorably affects the health of residents;
• Capable of absorbing toxins
• Favorably affects the human psyche;
• High level of structural stability due to the installation of screw piles. It is also worth noting that a wooden house has a powerful frame belt.

Screw piles have the form of solid metal pipes, which have special blades that are twisted like a screw into the soil. This frame case allows the wooden house to withstand loads, deformations, ground vibrations and temperature. Consider the structure of screw piles, which are made of high-strength alloys and have anti-corrosion resistance. These elements constructively form an area with high strength.

In order to increase the rigidity of the installation, it is necessary to fill the pipe with a concrete solution. In practice, there are situations when piles need to be reinforced.You can install screw piles with a special machine or with your own hands. What makes them so popular in the construction of timber buildings? Piles are known for such unique properties:

• Speed ​​up the installation process by 30 percent;
• Screw piles can be used on marshy and subsidence soils;
• Not dependent on surface water;
• There is no vibration during work processes, which allows piles to be placed close to the house;
• The time of year does not affect DIY installation;
• There is no need for earthworks and soil leveling;
• Piles will save money on installation.

Attention! Screw piles are the most rational option for a wooden house, according to economic and technical criteria.

Design features

In practice, septic tanks, pits or treatment stations are very common.

Considering the design features of the sewerage system in a frame building, we can say that this is a complex of systems that are aimed at collecting, moving and storing wastewater. Let's look at the components of this device:

• Internal sewerage is the sum of all pipes, toilet components and plumbing fixtures within the home;
• The outer part is the union of pipes that transport wastewater from the toilet and plumbing to places of their storage and disposal outside the building;
• Tanks screw or on piles. which are engaged in the storage and processing of sewage waste. In practice, septic tanks, pits or treatment stations are very common.

Internal networks

In order to make the sewerage system in a frame house correctly, you need to familiarize yourself with all the nuances of this work.

In order to make a sewerage system in a frame house correctly and with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with all the nuances of this work. Each network has its own characteristics, therefore, when installing the internal complex, one should not forget about the gaps that protect the pipes and the shrinkage of the building on screw piles. All horizontal elements must be of minimum length and fastened to the walls without coarse ties.

For optimal pipe performance, you should choose PVC or polypropylene material with a diameter of 5 cm, and for connecting the toilet - 11 cm. It is worth noting that the first thing to do is to install the wiring from the bathroom, which includes a toilet, a bathroom, a washing machine, etc. d.

At all pipe turns, it is necessary to install a revision that will help with their cleaning. A mandatory item is the need to seal all joints and seams, which will increase strength. After organizing the internal water supply network, you can begin the installation of external equipment.

Attention! It is imperative to make ventilation in the frame house - this will protect against shutter failures and unpleasant odors

Basic materials

The flow of clean water into the house and its further removal along with waste products should be of high quality, because the comfort and health of people depends on it. And this means that the materials for this communication system must be chosen very carefully. The most important thing in this case is to choose normal pipes.

They can be made of metal, plastic, asbestos and other materials. Metal pipes are considered the most expensive. Firstly, the material is expensive, and secondly, a welding machine is required to install them. But this design is quite strong and reliable.

Asbestos is used exclusively for the sewerage system, since it is not suitable for water supply. These pipes have a very high level of sealing. As for plastic pipes, this is the most optimal and cheapest option.

Top trim attachment

Mounting can be done in three ways:

• To the end of the rack, which is located in a vertical position, with nails or self-tapping screws. The method is suitable for the construction of a single board.
• To the end of the rack by means of notches. With this option, a cut is made in the strapping, the depth of which should be a third or half the thickness of the wood. The upper edge of the rack is placed in this recess.
• Fastening with steel corners. A very reliable method that reinforces the fastening in the first way.

Additional fastening with steel corners increase the strength of the structure

The advantage of the first and second methods is that it is possible to expose and fix the vertical racks one behind the other. For fixing with the help of a cut, mandatory calculations and absolutely accurate marking are required. If there are violations, then there will be a defect in the vertical placement of the racks, as a result of which the structure will begin to collapse.

In the strapping beam or board, grooves are made for all racks, which necessarily coincide with the same grooves that are on the mounts for the racks of the lower strapping. In addition, the structure is fixed with nails. Fixings using corners fixing is carried out with self-tapping screws.

Video description

For a non-standard option for tying screw piles with a beam, see the video:

Conclusion

The upper and lower trim of a frame house made of boards or timber guarantees reliability and a long service life of the structure.In accordance with technological requirements, the material firmly binds the individual parts of the frame, creating a very strong single structure, which will significantly increase the stability of the walls. In addition, the load on the foundation is distributed evenly. If you plan to work independently, then you need to familiarize yourself with all the nuances of strapping, since this process is very important.

Installation of the heating system and water supply pipes

The requirements for laying pipes for heating and plumbing systems in a frame house are similar in many ways, so it makes sense to consider the features of their installation at the same time. Since the repair of hidden communications is difficult, all the nuances should be carefully considered. So, it is not recommended to use steel or cast-iron pipes for laying inside frame walls, since these structures are susceptible to corrosion. In addition, salt deposits quickly accumulate in metal pipes, and it will be quite problematic to replace them.

Modern heating systems are made of very durable materials. PEX pipes (cross-linked polyethylene), metal-polymer and metal-plastic pipes can last up to 75 years. The cause of accidents and leaks during their operation is most often the poor quality of the connections.

To prevent leaks, special attention must be paid to the connections during installation. Pressure testing of the heating system is recommended to be carried out at an increased pressure of about 8-10 atmospheres

The working pressure should be doubled and the pressure test should be carried out for 8-12 hours.At this time, it is necessary to regularly check the pressure in the system. If it remains stable, it means that the work has been done at a sufficiently high level.

The presence of small leaks during the control pressure test is considered quite acceptable. Usually it is 2-3 liters, but can reach 10-50 liters. Identifying weaknesses in the heating or plumbing system will prevent much larger leaks that can lead to extensive damage to internal structures.

When installing a plumbing or heating system, you should keep the number of connections to a minimum by using as many long pipe runs as possible, although this method can significantly increase costs. The quality of the connecting elements deserves special attention. Do not use cheap fittings made in China. Practice shows that approximately 20% of such parts are defective. In the best case, they will fail during pressure testing, but worse if a leak occurs during operation, when the finishing work is completed. And one more thing - although the pipes are usually very strong, they can be damaged during careless transportation or during loading and unloading.

Condensed moisture may appear on cold water pipes, which should be taken into account during installation. Therefore, such pipes are usually protected with a special corrugated sleeve so that moisture does not get on the insulation and does not damage it. Holes for cold water supply are made approximately 50-100 mm larger than the diameter of the pipe protected by the corrugation.

Features of sewerage installation

There are no special requirements for laying a sewer system in a frame house. Usually it is mounted in the walls and under the floor.The outer part of the sewer system is brought to a septic tank or other treatment facilities provided on the site. Some danger for a frame house is the use of non-pressure PVC sewer pipes.

The fact is that it is impossible to dump drains into such pipes, the temperature of which exceeds 60 degrees. If an automatic or dishwasher is installed in the house, drains heated to 90-95 degrees can enter the system. This can lead to a quick breakdown of the sewage system. It is better to use more heat-resistant polypropylene pipes that can withstand temperatures of 100 degrees.

The main problems of sewerage installation

It is not so difficult to make the inside of the sewer in the building as to equip this communication from the outside. But the sewer system must be impeccable both inside and outside the house.

If the house is located in an area where it is possible to connect to the general main network of the central sewerage system, the problem of biological waste disposal is easier to solve. But if you have to make an autonomous system, the task becomes much more complicated, because then only the owner of the house should monitor its life support.

In most cases, the sewer system of a private house is connected to a septic tank, and it can be of several types. But there are situations when the sewerage in a frame house cannot end with a septic pit, and other structures have to be used.

electric floor

Unlike water, such a floor settles down faster and is easier to connect. This is the main advantage of the system. However, this design also has disadvantages. Electricity is quite expensive, so the operation will be expensive.The system must be installed under an open floor, not under furniture.

On top of it, you can mount any floor covering, make a thin screed, but it is important to do the work in such a way as to prevent a short circuit and fire

Calculation of electrical power per 1 m2

Room assignment	Power (Watt/m2)	Main heating
Ground floor (kitchen, room)	140-160	180 Watt/m2 The floor heating area must be at least 70% of the total area of ​​the room.
Second floor and above (kitchen, room)	120-130
Bathroom and sanitary unit	140-150
Balcony, loggia	180

It is advisable to install an electric underfloor heating during the construction of a house, but since it is simpler than a water floor, it can also be done in a finished building.

Its installation takes place according to the following scheme:

1. Cables are mounted on wooden logs. In places where cables are laid, cuts are made.
2. First, the surface is lined with a waterproofing film, and then with a layer of foil, which acts as a heat reflector.
3. After laying the cables, they are covered with a small layer of screed or chipboard, plywood, and a finished floor is equipped.

It is allowed to lay tiles and laminate on top of the electric underfloor heating. Not the best solution to lay parquet, because due to constant heating it can dry out. When installing the system, care must be taken to ensure that there are a sufficient number of thermostats in the room: one device will not be able to correctly display the temperature in the entire house. The smartest options for underfloor heating allow you to program them, intelligently reduce the heating of the room at night or when no one is in the house.

Features of concealed installation of electrical cables

You need to know the rules of hidden installation not in order to do all the work yourself.Understanding its main nuances will help control the actions of an electrician and avoid the negative consequences of his "skill". The available information may be needed by emergency services in the event of an emergency.

What absolutely cannot be done

Based on the provisions of regulatory technical documents, there are three prohibitions in work.

1. Do not lay cables close to wooden surfaces. The ban applies even to those cases when they are isolated in a plastic box, channel or corrugation. Such insulation is a fire hazard and is susceptible to damage by rodents.
2. Do not lay cables on wooden surfaces in metal sleeves. In the event of a short circuit, their walls burn out.
3. Junction boxes must not be hidden behind wall cladding. They need free access at any time - for troubleshooting, routine inspection.

Detailed information for specialists is contained in a large number of regulatory technical documents. These are GOSTs, SNiPs, Rules for the installation of electrical installations, Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations.

Rules for laying hidden wiring

For the safe laying of hidden electrical wiring in a frame house, a number of rules are followed. They relate to the choice of insulating materials and direct installation work.

• The cable laying scheme is designed so that the number of bends is minimal. To do this, there are 3D programs that take into account the design of the house, the required distances and other parameters.
• The power lines are laid parallel to one of the walls to facilitate the replacement of wiring in the future.
• To ensure fire safety, the wires are placed in metal pipes or boxes - steel, copper.It is permissible to use PVC corrugations and boxes, but only for fireproof material. To do this, plaster, alabaster, cement are laid between plastic and wood.
• The cable should occupy no more than 40% of the space in the pipe or duct.

Note! For flush mounting, triple insulated cables are used. You can not replace them with PUNP - universal flat wire

Features of frame houses

As with any capital construction, everything starts with the foundation. There are few differences from the usual technologies.

Both a pile grillage and a monolithic slab are used. The choice depends on the soil and the number of floors.

A wooden frame is mounted on the foundation. For it, lumber of the best quality is used. They are carefully dried and processed beforehand.

Then the box is assembled. If you order a project from a company that specializes in turnkey houses, ready-made panels with holes for windows and doors will be brought to the site. To attach them to the frame, ordinary nails are more often used.

Then everything is usual. The house is insulated and lined. The roof is mounted, windows and doors are installed. If the project provides for a terrace, balcony or porch, proceed to their construction.

It remains only to install communications, install plumbing and complete interior decoration. All this takes less than a year, and you move into a ready-made and equipped house.

Types of communications in a frame house

The frame house provides for the presence of a water supply system, sewerage, ventilation, heating, and electricity. Features and schemes of their laying are taken into account even when designing a house.

Heating and water supply system

At the design stage of the heating system, it is determined whether it will be sequential or collector. In the first case, one pipeline line passes through all the rooms in the house. In the second - it branches into several directions. The collector circuit is more expedient, as it ensures uniform distribution of heat throughout the rooms.

For the device of the heating system, polypropylene pipes of different diameters are used. They are laid in interfloor ceilings and walls. At the intersection of communications and racks, holes of a suitable diameter are drilled. The pipeline is fixed on the bars with metal clamps.

To avoid heat loss during the operation of communications, the pipes are insulated. To do this, use heaters with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, which do not lose their properties under constant exposure to high temperatures. In the case of the water supply system, the principle of laying communications in a frame house is the same. Only instead of polypropylene, PVC pipes are installed.

Supply and exhaust ventilation system

Without good ventilation systems frame house with plastic windows may well pass for a thermos. To prevent this from happening, a number of requirements are met:

• the exhaust opening should be in the kitchen, in the boiler room and bathrooms, in the corridors with bedrooms;
• when building a foundation, air is left;
• air ducts are laid in interfloor ceilings and in the attic;
• for the supply of fresh air in the rooms, wall valves for artificial ventilation, window supply valves or supply systems with air recovery are installed;
• for the natural outflow of polluted air, a pipe is brought to the roof of the house.

Please note: the air duct in the attic must be insulated with insulation

Laying the sewer system

One of the engineering communications in a frame house is a sewerage system. It is a pipeline for sewage disposal and a sump for them. The role of the latter is most often played by a septic tank, in which the waters are cleaned before being drained into the ground.

Please note: sewer pipes are laid with a slope of 2-3 cm per 1 meter of their length. It is needed for the natural movement of sewage, preventing silting and freezing of communications

A shower, a bath, a toilet, all sinks, a washing machine and a dishwasher must be connected to the sewerage system. The location of the kitchen, bathroom and the mentioned household appliances next to each other simplifies the piping

Particular attention is paid to the location of the central riser

Power supply in a frame house

Do not think about laying communications with your own hands, if we are talking about electrical wiring in a frame houseand you have no special knowledge. Incorrect wiring is a risk of fire. The cost of a mistake can be much higher than the cost of an electrician.

Cables are laid both on the street and in the house, where they are brought from an electric pole. Internal wiring can be hidden in the walls or open - laid and fixed on the walls, ceiling. The second option is safer, since cable damage can be detected and eliminated in a timely manner. For laying the power supply system, they are predetermined with the location of large household appliances. Some appliances require a dedicated line from the switchboard.

What else is important when wiring electrical communications:

1. cables should not come into contact with wood, for which they select suitable insulation (metal pipes, PVC corrugations, etc.);
2. if the house has a boiler room, a separate shield is mounted for it;
3. cables are insulated along the entire length.

Detailed regulation of work with the power supply system is contained in technical regulatory documents.

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How to equip a warm floor in a frame house on stilts?

The peculiarity of a frame building on piles is that its arrangement requires more complex thermal insulation, and more powerful heating systems must be installed. This is the main difference. Therefore, at the stage of building a house, waterproofing is laid on the subfloor, preferably from a perforated membrane. A heater is placed on top of it (mineral wool, polystyrene, expanded clay). It is also desirable to make a layer for vapor barrier.

For pile frames, water or electric systems are used.

Just at the design stage of the building, it is important to insulate all cold zones, carefully seal any joints and cracks. A more economical option in terms of operation is a water floor, although the initial installation costs are higher than electric

water floor

In frame houses, a water floor is used quite often, since its operation reduces the load on the electrical system, it is quite economical. Its main disadvantage is expensive components, limited choice of screed, as well as the need to make hydraulic calculations. Also, the water floor requires at least a minimum screed of 5-7 cm.

The installation of such a system for frame houses is mainly carried out according to the type of floating screed. It must be included in the project of the house and done during the construction of the building, after the subfloor has been formed.

The thickness of the screed is no more than 5 cm, which does not create a large load on the foundation:

1. First equip a layer of waterproofing. It is placed on a rough base. The optimal material is polyethylene film. It is fixed with a lap.
2. Then a layer of thermal insulation is formed. For this, any insulation in rolls can be used, and foil on top of it.
3. Next, a reinforcing mesh is spread and pipes are laid. They can be placed with a snake or in the form of a snail. In the frame, the pipes are laid at a distance of 10-15 cm. They are fixed to the reinforcing mesh with the power of the casings.
4. After that, the communications are tested to check if there are any leaks. If everything is in order, then perform a screed.

The peculiarity of the floating screed is that it does not come into contact with the wooden panels of the house or the floor, so the warm floor will not cause the wood to spill and pull apart.

Laying methods

Consider the main ways of laying an electrical cable in a frame house.

outdoor

External installation of an electric cable in a frame house can be done independently. There are several options.

open cable

When arranging this wiring, a rigid wire with double / triple insulation made of flame retardant materials is used. To fix the line on the walls, install special brackets. To reduce the risk of fire, an asbestos or metal backing should be placed between the cable and the wooden wall.Its width directly depends on the thickness of the cable and is made 20 mm larger (the line is laid right in the middle).

Outdoor wiring in a frame house

This method is the cheapest and most reliable, but the wiring looks unaesthetic. The system looks even worse if several wires are located nearby. On the other hand, this option is suitable for houses in retro design or loft style.

Electrical pipes

Electrical wires can be hidden in special corrugated pipes made of non-combustible materials. They are able to withstand high temperatures, and the diameter allows you to place several cables inside. With the help of special clips, the pipe is fixed on the wooden walls of the building.

Wiring takes up a minimum of free space, increases electrical and fire safety, and reduces the risk of mechanical damage during operation. However, again we can talk about unaesthetics associated with the untidy appearance of metal pipes. They will also attract dust and dirt from the street.

Laying wires in electrical pipes

Cable channels

Such protective devices for electrical wiring have a more concise and thoughtful design, which is what they benefit from corrugated pipes. Products are available in different colors, thanks to which they fit into any interior or exterior. Ideally even cable channels can reveal a potential disadvantage of a frame house - the curvature of the walls. But if the house is built on the conscience, then this will not happen.

Cable channel - a plastic box installed on walls or ceilings.For fixing, self-tapping screws or glue are used. The plastic from which the products are made does not support combustion and retains its properties when exposed to high temperatures.

Cable channels are available in different colors and dimensions. The specific width is selected depending on the communications. After fixing the box on the wall, the cable is laid inside, and then hidden under the cover.

Open wiring in cable channels

The main disadvantage of cable channels is associated with the potential shrinkage of the frame house, due to which the products will begin to crack. As a result, you will have to re-wire, change various components. To the advantages listed above, we add the moderate cost of products and ease of installation.

Hidden wiring

The PUE lists the basic rules and recommendations that should be followed when laying a cable inside walls or ceilings. We wrote above that hidden wiring should be additionally protected by metal pipes. You will have to buy a lot of pipes, so the total cost of electrifying a house increases significantly. In accordance with the joint venture, you can get by with a more budget option by replacing pipes with corrugation or metal hose. However, if finances allow, it is better not to save.

When purchasing metal pipes, try to select products with a wall thickness of 2-4 mm. This value will allow products to withstand high temperatures resulting from short circuits. To avoid rust formation, paint the pipes inside or outside, or buy galvanized elements.

Metal pipes for cable laying

Any electrical wiring has numerous bends and other features of the route, so the pipes will have to be welded together or fastened by threading. To simplify the installation process, preference should be given to copper products, but they are more expensive than galvanized steel. To protect the plastic layer of insulation, put protective sleeves on the ends of the cut pipes.

Pipes are mounted at the initial stages of construction. You are guaranteed to need physical assistance. Such a wiring option in a frame house requires a lot of time and serious investments, therefore it is extremely irrational.

Safe Wiring

A modern dream home can hardly be imagined without modern technology. This means that it will be necessary to supply electricity to it without fail. Electricity must be conducted through the building in accordance with all the rules.

Do not hide the fact that providing electricity at home is one of the most dangerous things for human life. A minor mistake can take the life of a person.

For this very reason, special attention is paid to the installation of the power supply of the structure.

Pipes can be made from copper and stainless or black steel. Junction boxes must be made of steel. All sockets and switches must be "covered" in special metal sockets.

It is also possible to mount power supply elements in corrugated sleeves. In this case, all sections of the wiring must be insulated hermetically. All these requirements are a manifestation of concern for people. In the event of a cable fire in this design, it will not be able to spread due to the lack of air.

Installation of the electrical system in steel tubes is carried out using a welding machine. Accordingly, it will be necessary to carry out welding work within the premises. However, they are strictly prohibited in wooden buildings. Accordingly, it is very difficult to mount the power supply in this way. There is only one option: to weld all the pipes before the installation of wall structures.

All work on the installation of electrical systems must be carried out by specially trained people in strict accordance with current regulations. Upon completion of the work, the installers must issue a work certificate.

Wiring, laid in the building in accordance with all the rules, will not bring harm and concern. Only she can be considered safe.

Wiring

Among the various engineering networks that need to be built in a frame house, there are more and less safe (in terms of self-installation work). Electrical wiring carries a fire hazard if connected incorrectly. Therefore, laying wires and cables requires the work of a professional electrician. We also need a project signed in the instances of Oblenergo.

Electrical wiring in floors.

Frame houses under the key in Moscow with communications is more expensive, since the work in them is carried out by professional craftsmen in accordance with construction standards. Which is usually more expensive than self-construction without norms and rules.

What you need to consider when laying electrical wiring in a frame house:

• The correct choice of material for electrical wires is essential. Inside the house, it is necessary to lay wires with the same conductive material (either copper or aluminum) - in order to avoid their oxidation in a galvanic pair and a short circuit.
• Copper wires have the best performance. Therefore, when laying electrical wiring in a new frame house, copper cables are used. Aluminum wires are in demand only when repairing old electrical wiring, in which aluminum was originally used. And yet - for hidden wiring inside the walls of a frame house, it is necessary to choose wires in insulation.
• It is necessary to correctly calculate the electrical load and the cross-section of wires and cables. This will ensure the safety of electrical equipment in the future home.
• Need lightning protection (lightning rod and grounding).
• It is necessary to install an automatic switch at the entrance to the house, after the electric meter. So that in case of excess load, it stops the supply of current and prevents fire.

The main requirement for electrical wiring outside and inside the frame structure is safety. Incorrect wiring and malfunctioning electrical appliances are one of the main causes of fires.

Results

For heating with gas, it will be a gas-type boiler, piping and radiators. For electric - a boiler and pipes with radiators or an electric cable, as well as a floor heating system. Another option for electric heating will be infrared emitters, or rather, heating elements, rugs and heaters.

Heating with solar energy is built on the principle of electric heating of the house. It will differ in that there is a battery and the supply of electrical energy from collectors on the roof. The solar system also works on the principle of electric heating, in the system of which electricity will come from a solar converter.

The cost of turnkey frame houses with everything you need may seem high due to the price of installation work for laying engineering networks. The amount of spending on their arrangement is sometimes 15% of the cost of the overall frame structure. But it will be justified by the high-quality installation speed and the possibility of future all-weather operation of the frame.