Overview of efficient heating methods

Energy Saving Using Monolithic Quartz Thermal Electric Heaters

You can save energy if, for example, use quartz heat and electric heaters. Such efficient heating of a private house converts electrical energy into heat. The quartz sand present in the heating elements retains heat for a long time after the power is turned off.

What are the advantages of quartz panels:

1. Affordable price.
2. Sufficiently long service life.
3. High efficiency.
4. Relatively low power consumption.
5. Convenience and ease of installation of equipment.
6. No burnout of oxygen in the building.
7. Fire and electrical safety.

Monolithic quartz thermal electric heater

Energy-saving heating panels are made using a mortar made using quartz sand, which provides good heat transfer and a long service life. Due to the presence of quartz sand, the heater retains heat well even when the power goes out, and can heat up to 15 cubic meters of a building. The production of these panels began in 1997, and every year they become more and more popular due to their energy saving. Many buildings, including schools, are switching to this energy-saving heating system.

What is home heating

This is a set of engineering components designed to receive heat, transport it and maximize the return in the right room, to maintain the temperature conditions in it at a given level. Comprises:

• Converter of stored fuel energy into heat (boiler);
• Coolant transportation systems (pipes)
• Shutoff and control valves (faucets, manifolds, etc.);
• Devices for transferring heat to air or a solid surface (battery, heated towel rail, heated floor).

A sample project for arranging a heating system for a private house

What is burned in boilers

The choice of the boiler is initially made according to the type of fuel from which it extracts thermal energy:

• Gas is a simple and inexpensive heating solution.The use of this type of fuel allows you to fully automate the heating process, subject to high-quality installation and configuration of equipment;
• Solid fuel is most often used in settlements where there is no gas pipeline. Are applied: firewood, briquettes, coal or pellets. These types of boilers have a drawback - it is impossible to fully automate the heating process. They require manual filling of the combustion chamber every 10 hours and a separate place to store the fuel. They also need to be cleaned periodically. An intermediate solution is the use of an automatic distributor - autonomy in this case depends on the size of the bunker. In some cases, it is possible to increase the operating time of the boiler without adding fuel to 5-12 days;
• Electricity is the leader in terms of high cost, and at the same time convenience and environmental friendliness of use. The main advantage of such devices is the ability to fully automate control. Still, such boilers practically do not need care;
• Liquid fuels (gasoline, diesel) are most often used in places where there are no other sources of energy. The efficiency of such boilers is about 80%, which makes them relatively economical.

Heat pumps

The most versatile alternative heating for a private house is the installation of heat pumps. They work according to the well-known principle of a refrigerator, taking heat from a colder body and giving it away in the heating system.

It consists of a seemingly complex scheme of three devices: an evaporator, a heat exchanger and a compressor. Options sales of heat pumps a huge number, but the most popular are:

The cheapest implementation option is air-to-air.In fact, it resembles a classic split system, however, electricity is spent only on pumping heat from the street into the house, and not on heating the air masses. This helps to save money, while perfectly heating the house throughout the year.

The efficiency of the systems is very high. For 1 kW of electricity, you can get up to 6-7 kW of heat. Modern inverters work great even at temperatures of -25 degrees and below.

"Air-to-water" is one of the most common implementations of a heat pump, in which a large-area coil installed in an open area plays the role of a heat exchanger. Additionally, it can be blown by a fan, forcing the water inside to cool.

Such installations are characterized by more democratic cost and simple installation. But they are able to work with high efficiency only at temperatures from +7 to +15 degrees. When the bar drops to a negative mark, efficiency drops.

The most versatile implementation of a heat pump is ground-to-water. It does not depend on the climatic zone, since a layer of soil that does not freeze throughout the year is everywhere.

In this scheme, the pipes are immersed in the ground to a depth where the temperature is kept at the level of 7-10 degrees throughout the year. Collectors can be located vertically and horizontally. In the first case, several very deep wells will have to be drilled, in the second case, a coil will be laid at a certain depth.

The disadvantage is obvious. complex installation work that will require high financial investments. Before deciding on such a step, you should calculate the economic benefits.In areas with short warm winters, it is worth considering other options for alternative heating of private houses. Another limitation is the need for a large free area - up to several tens of square meters. m.

The implementation of a water-to-water heat pump is practically no different from the previous one, however, the collector pipes are laid in groundwater that does not freeze throughout the year, or in a nearby reservoir. It is cheaper due to the following advantages:

• Maximum well drilling depth - 15 m
• You can get by with 1-2 submersible pumps

Biofuel boilers

If there is no desire and opportunity to equip a complex system consisting of pipes in the ground, solar modules on the roof, you can replace the classic boiler with a model that runs on biofuel. They need:

Such installations are recommended to be installed together with the alternative sources considered earlier. In situations where one of the heaters does not work, it will be possible to use the second.

Deciding on installation and subsequent operation alternative sources of thermal energy, it is necessary to answer the question: how quickly will they pay off? Undoubtedly, the considered systems have advantages, among which:

• The cost of the energy produced is less than when using traditional sources
• High efficiency

However, one should be aware of the high initial material costs, which can reach tens of thousands of dollars. The installation of such installations cannot be called simple, therefore, the work is entrusted exclusively to a professional team that is able to provide a guarantee for the result.

Demand is acquiring alternative heating for a private house, which becomes more profitable against the backdrop of rising prices for traditional sources of thermal energy. However, before starting to re-equip the current heating system, it is necessary to calculate everything by considering each of the proposed options.

It is also not recommended to abandon the traditional boiler. It must be left and in certain situations, when alternative heating does not fulfill its functions, it will remain possible to warm your home and not freeze.

Alternative heating: energy sources

As mentioned above, for the arrangement of such heating, you can use the energy of the sun, earth, wind, water, as well as various types of biofuels.

Geothermal heating system

Wind energy

Wind can be very effectively used as a source of energy for heating a home. More than that, it is one of the inexhaustible resources. To use the power of the wind, special devices are used - windmills. The principle of operation of such devices is as follows.

The main part of the windmill is a wind generator of electric current, which, depending on the axis of rotation, can be either vertical or horizontal. A variety of models today are offered by many manufacturers.

The cost of such products depends on the power, material, and build quality. In general, such a device can be built even with your own hands from improvised materials. As a rule, a windmill consists of the following elements:

1. mast;
2. blades;
3. generator;
4. controller;
5. battery;
6. inverter;
7. weather vane - to capture the direction of the wind.

The wind turns the blades of the windmill. The higher the mast, the higher the performance of the device. As a rule, a twenty-five-meter-high windmill is enough to power a private house. The blades drive a generator, which produces a three-phase current. The controller converts it into direct current, which, in turn, charges the batteries.

The current passing through the batteries enters the inverter, where it is converted into a single-phase electric current with a voltage of 220 volts and a frequency of 50 hertz. Such a current is fully suitable for domestic needs, including for a heating system using, for example, electric boilers.

geothermal energy

Geothermal energy is the energy of the Earth. This concept refers to the real heat that can be obtained from the earth, as well as water, and even air. But to get such energy, you need special heat pumps. And for such devices to function, the temperature of the environment from which they receive energy must be above zero degrees Celsius.

Heat pumps are devices that take heat from the environment. Depending on the type of medium and the heat carrier used, they can be:

• ground-water;
• water-air;
• air-to-air;
• water-water.

Pumps in which the heat carrier is air are used for air heating systems. Water is used in systems with a liquid coolant.

It is believed that the most profitable system is "water-water". This scheme is applicable if there is a non-freezing reservoir near your house. At the bottom of the latter, a contour for heat intake is laid.On average, a heat pump produces 30 watts of heat energy from one meter of circuit. Therefore, the length of such a pipeline is calculated depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room that needs to be heated.

The disadvantage of such devices (air pumps) is that they are practically inapplicable in regions with a harsh climate. In addition, in order to start drawing heat from the ground, serious capital investments are required.

Energy of sun

Solar energy is available to man all year round (with the exception of the regions of the Far North). Moreover, it is the energy of the Sun that makes it possible for all life on Earth to exist. Therefore, it is not surprising that it can also be used to heat houses. Currently, two types of devices are used for these purposes - solar panels and solar collectors.

In the first case, under the influence of sunlight, an electric current is generated in the photocells, which is then used to heat the coolant or in another home heating circuit. Solar collectors are a system tubes filled with coolant. They directly accumulate solar heat and transfer it, for example, to the underfloor heating system. If you correctly design and install such a solar installation.

biofuel

It is impossible not to say about alternative heating using biofuels. The main element of such a system is a boiler in which biologically pure fuel is burned. As the latter, for example, by-products of the wood processing industry are often used. Further, the heat is transferred by means of a coolant to radiators, which heat the air in the premises.

Hydrogen boilers

Well, the last thing we would like to tell you about in this article is special hydrogen boilers. The principle of operation of such a device is that, during the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, a large amount of heat is released, which is used to heat the house.

Heating in modern country houses

The principle of organizing a summer cottage heating system, thought out at the design stage of a house, is no different from heating systems for cottages and residential buildings. The decisive point is the presence of heating mains. And they usually don't. The second difference is the implementation of an economical intermittent heating option, rather than a daily one.

To do this, any system must provide: fast heating of the room, the required area, draining water from the pipeline during water heating and have a large capacity for efficient heating of houses with low thermal insulation properties.

The heating system in the country begins with the installation of the selected type of boiler and piping the house with pipes. Necessary work such as preparing a room for a boiler room, organizing devices necessary for ventilation of solid-state boilers, installing pipelines, starting up and testing is best entrusted to experienced professionals. The boiler can be electric, diesel, solid state and gas.

There are hybrid models of boilers that use solid fuel and electricity for operation. Their cost is much higher and they are not always profitable for summer cottages, where they do not live permanently in the winter. The wood-fired boiler is the easiest to tolerate temperature fluctuations in winter.

It also belongs to the category of economical options. The convection type of wood-burning boiler is the most common.It has a low noise level, which makes it possible to install it in the basement. A large selection of modern models of boilers allows you to increasingly use water heating.

When building a large cottage, it is the best heating option. Its essence lies in the possibility of constant circulation, heated to the desired water temperature through pipes to batteries located in the house and back. For laying a pipeline, pipes made of metal, polypropylene or metal-plastic are most often used. They can be used for many decades only if properly preserved for the winter.

Another problem is the timely replacement of water filters, in the absence of which, the pipes quickly become clogged with various deposits of impurities contained in the water. As a coolant, not only water, but also saline, glycerin, propylene glycol can be used.

Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Glycerin, for example, does not harden and retains its fluid properties even at a temperature of 30 ° below zero, which saves pipes from rupture. He is very expensive. Propylene glycol is not toxic, but its specific heat capacity is worse than harmful ethylene glycol. In connection with the growth in the construction of summer cottages from modern materials, it is most correct to involve experienced specialists in the implementation of your own heating system.

In order to keep warm in the country in winter, it is necessary to choose one of the heating options. In this case, a very important point is the advance warming of the house. Otherwise, the efficiency decreases sharply and the consumption of energy used increases.And it will be difficult to warm up.

Practical organization recommendations heating video:

Pros and Cons of a Smart Home Heating Control System

Controlling heating with a smart home allows you to achieve the following:

• the climate in the house or any chosen room will exactly match the feeling of comfort of the owner, in accordance with the program of operation of the heating devices chosen by him;
• automated control of the heating system can significantly reduce energy consumption;
• intelligent control of household subsystems at home will allow them to be controlled remotely and not worry about possible breakdowns (the computer will react to a malfunction).

The downside of such technologies is still availability due to the rather high cost of equipment and system installation.

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The heating installation has, boiler fasteners, batteries, pressure increasing pumps, thermostatic collectors, an expansion tank, pipes, air vents, a connection system. The house heating assembly has certain devices. On this page of the Internet project, we will try to help determine the necessary structural components for the mansion. Each knot has a big role

That's why it's important to plan carefully to match all parts of the system.

Under the familiar concept of “smart home”, one must understand not only a cottage, a country house or a summer house. A city apartment, office, as well as many other types of premises are quite suitable for this understanding. If we consider the heating system from this point of view, then with this approach to it, several fundamental principles must be implemented.When we say smart home, heating in this case should provide comfortable living conditions or save costs for its maintenance.

Modern heating technologies

Heating options for a private house:

• Traditional heating system. The heat source is a boiler. Thermal energy is distributed by the heat carrier (water, air). It can be improved by increasing the heat transfer of the boiler.
• Energy-saving equipment that is used in new heating technologies. Electricity (solar system, various types of electric heating and solar collectors) acts as an energy carrier for heating housing.

New technologies in heating should help in solving the following issues:

• Cost reduction;
• Respect for natural resources.

Warm floor

Infrared floor (IR) is a modern heating technology. The main material is an unusual film. Positive qualities - flexibility, increased strength, moisture resistance, fire resistance. Can be laid under any floor material. The radiation of the infrared floor has a good effect on well-being, identical to the effect of sunlight on the human body. Cash costs for laying an infrared floor are 30-40% less than the cost of installing floors with electric heating elements. Energy savings when using a film floor of 15-20%. The control panel regulates the temperature in each room. No noise, no smell, no dust.

With the water method of supplying heat, a metal-plastic pipe lies in the floor screed. The heating temperature is limited to 40 degrees.

Water solar collectors

Innovative heating technology is used in places with high solar activity.Water solar collectors are located in places open to the sun. Usually this is the roof of the building. From the sun's rays, the water is heated and sent inside the house.

The negative point is the inability to use the collector at night. It makes no sense to apply in areas of the northern direction. The big advantage of using this principle of heat generation will be the general availability of solar energy. Does not harm nature. Does not take up usable space in the yard of the house.

solar systems

Heat pumps are used. With a total electricity consumption of 3-5 kW, pumps pump 5-10 times more energy from natural sources. The source is natural resources. The resulting thermal energy is supplied to the coolant with the help of heat pumps.

infrared heating

Infrared heaters have found application in the form of primary and secondary heating in any room. With low power consumption, we get a large heat transfer. The air in the room does not dry out.

The installation is easy to mount, no additional permits are needed for this type of heating. The secret of savings is that heat accumulates in objects and walls. Apply ceiling and wall systems. They have a long service life, more than 20 years.

Skirting heating technology

The scheme of operation of the skirting technology for heating a room resembles the operation of IR heaters. The wall is heating up. Then she starts to give off heat. Infrared heat is well tolerated by humans. The walls will not be susceptible to fungus and mold, as they will always be dry.

Easy to install. The heat supply in each room is regulated. In summer, the system can be used to cool the walls. The principle of operation is the same as for heating.

Air heating system

The heating system is built on the principle of thermoregulation. Hot or cold air is supplied directly to the room. The main element is an oven with a gas burner. The combusted gas gives off heat to the heat exchanger. From there, the heated air enters the room. Does not require water pipes, radiators. Solves three issues - space heating, ventilation.

The advantage is that the heating can be started gradually. In this case, the existing heating will not be affected.

Heat accumulators

The coolant is heated at night in order to save money on electricity costs. A thermally insulated tank, a large capacity is a battery. At night it heats up, during the day there is a return of thermal energy for heating.

Use of computer modules and the heat generated by them

To start the heating system, you need to connect the Internet and electricity. Principle of operation: the heat that the processor releases during operation is used.

They use compact and inexpensive ASIC chips. Several hundred chips are assembled into one device. At cost, this installation comes out like a regular computer.

Which radiators to choose

Despite the varieties of the heating system, in any case, special equipment is required, with the help of which heat enters the cottage: heating radiators, batteries. All heating equipment can be divided into 4 types:

1) Cast iron radiators are an excellent heat carrier. But they are not without the risk of water hammer, which can damage them during the heating season.Since the inner surface of the radiator is rough, it is able to accumulate limescale, which blocks the flow of heat into the room. When choosing a cast-iron radiator for a cottage, it should be taken into account that a local heating system is installed.

2) Steel radiators are more resistant to water hammer and do not have the disadvantages of cast iron batteries, they transfer heat better. But they are not resistant to corrosion, rust can form on the inner wall, which forces the batteries to be carefully maintained, or too frequent replacement will be required.

3) Aluminum radiators are light in design, excellent in heat conduction, corrosion resistant, but unable to withstand water hammer. If the cottage uses a local heating system, then such a radiator can be an excellent solution.

4) Bimetallic radiators are the most efficient. They are resistant to corrosion, water hammer, do not form scale on the inner surface, give off more heat. Among the shortcomings, only the high price was revealed.

The number of sections of radiators: how to correctly calculate

Number of battery sections: competent selection

The calculation of the heating system is carried out with the obligatory selection of the number of radiator sections. A fairly simple formula can also be used here - the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room that is supposed to be heated must be multiplied by 100 and divided by the power of the battery section.

• Room area. As a rule, all radiators are designed to heat only one room, and therefore the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house is not needed.The only exception is if there is a room that is not equipped with a heating system next to the room that is being heated;
• The number 100, which appears in the formula for calculating the number of radiator sections for a heating system, is not taken from the ceiling. According to the requirements of SNiP, about 100 W of power is used per square meter of living space. This is quite enough to maintain a comfortable temperature;
• As for the power of the section of heating radiators, it is individual and depends, first of all, on the material of the batteries. If it is impossible to accurately determine the parameter, then 180-200 W can be taken for calculations - this corresponds to the average statistical power of a section of modern radiators.

Having received all the data, you can start calculating the heating batteries. If we take as a basis the size of the room at 20 m2, and the section power at 180 W, then the number of elements of heating radiators can be calculated as follows:

n=20*100|180=11

It should be noted that for rooms located at the end or at the corner of the building, the result obtained must be multiplied by 1.2. Thus, it will be possible to achieve the most optimal values, to determine a sufficient number of radiator sections for heating a country cottage.

Natural Sources: Profitability

With a detailed calculation of costs with heat pumps, windmills, solar panels and collectors, the situation will look like this. They generate heat and electricity for the cottage only at first glance free of charge. The sun and wind will not bill you for heating, of course, but the equipment for generation is very expensive.

In Europe, alternative energy is subsidized from the budget.In addition, the price tag for natural fuels seriously bites them. For this reason, there "green technologies" are cost-effective and efficient. In our country, the state does not yet consider it necessary to subsidize solar and wind energy. And the prices for ordinary firewood, coal and gas, compared with neighbors in the West, are not so high as to heat a whole house without problems in winter.

On the types of economical electric heating for a country house, see the video below.

Heat pump

A heat pump is one of the most economical heating methods. It is powered by the mains and converts natural energy into heat to heat the house. Depending on the type, the pump can be the only source of heat in the house and fully provide heating without gas, or it can work in addition to the boiler.

• Ground source heat pumps are a complete alternative to gas boilers. They work equally efficiently regardless of the outside temperature and fully provide the building with heat. Their disadvantages are: high initial cost, payback over 10 years and the necessary availability of a large plot of land in order to bury a soil collector.
• Air source heat pumps are cheaper and easier to install. They can also replace gas heating, but at zero degrees and sub-zero temperatures, their efficiency drops dramatically. Heating becomes economically unprofitable. Therefore, it is best to use “air vents” in tandem with a boiler: in spring and autumn, when it is warm outside, the pump mainly works, and in winter and during frosts, a gas boiler is connected to work.

In addition to the heat pump, you can connect a two-tariff electricity meter, which will allow you to reduce heating costs by another 30-50%.

Mounting order

A single-pipe system is assembled as follows:

• In the utility room, the boiler is installed on the floor or hung on the wall. With the help of gas equipment, the most reliable and efficient one-pipe heating system of a two-story house can be arranged. The connection diagram in this case will be standard and will allow you to do all the work, if desired, even on your own.
• Heating radiators are hung on the walls.
• At the next stage, the “supply” and “reverse” risers are mounted to the second floor. They are located in the immediate vicinity of the boiler. At the bottom, the contour of the first floor joins the risers, at the top - the second.
• Next is the connection to the battery lines. A shut-off valve (on the inlet section of the bypass) and a Mayevsky valve should be installed on each radiator.
• In the immediate vicinity of the boiler, an expansion tank is mounted on the "return" pipe.
• Also on the "return" pipe near the boiler on the bypass with three taps, a circulation pump is connected. A special filter cuts in front of it on the bypass.

At the final stage, the system is pressure tested in order to identify equipment malfunctions and leaks.

As you can see, the one-pipe system heating a two-story house, the scheme of which is as simple as possible, can be very convenient and practical equipment

However, if you want to use such a simple design, at the first stage it is important to make all the necessary calculations with maximum accuracy.

Thinking about the installation of heating, it is initially determined what type of fuel will be used

But along with this, it is extremely important to decide how independent the planned heating will be.So, a heating system without a pump, which does not need electricity to work, will be truly autonomous. All you need is a heat source and a well-placed piping for efficient operation.

For efficient operation, you only need a heat source and properly located piping.

The heating circuit is a set of elements designed to heat the home by transferring heat to the air. The most common type of heating is a system that uses boilers or boilers connected to the water supply as a heating source. Water, passing through the heater, reaches a certain temperature, and then goes to the heating circuit.

In systems with a coolant, which is used as water, circulation can be organized in two ways:

Boilers (boilers) are used as a heat source for heating water. Their principle of operation is based on the transformation of the type of energy defined for them into heat, followed by its transfer to the coolant. According to the type of heating source, boiler equipment can be gas, solid fuel, electric or fuel oil.

According to the type of connection of the circuit elements, the heating system can be one-pipe or two-pipe. If all circuit devices are connected in series relative to each other, that is, the coolant passes through all the elements in order and returns to the boiler, then such a system is called a single-pipe system. Its major drawback is uneven heating. This is due to the fact that each element loses some amount of heat, so the difference in boiler temperatures can be significant.

A two-pipe type system implies a parallel connection of radiators to a riser. The disadvantages of such a connection include a design complication and a doubled material consumption compared to a single-pipe system. But the construction of a heating circuit for large multi-storey premises is carried out only by such a connection.

A gravity circulation system is sensitive to errors made during heating installation.