Air exchange rates per person in rooms for various purposes

Content

Responsibility in case of violation of the transfer rules
The concept of air exchange
Dust collectors and filters for industrial work
Possible errors in the design of the ventilation system of the gym
Air flow rates for modulated equipment
Requirements for the ventilation system in the workplace
Standards for ventilation and air exchange in offices according to SanPiN
In custody
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Responsibility in case of violation of the transfer rules

Due to low literacy or unwillingness to spend money on the redevelopment procedure, the owners of the premises often change the design on their own, moving the grate or drilling the ventilation duct.

But in this case, it should be understood that if such a redevelopment is discovered, you will have to “reap the benefits” in the form of associated risks and responsibility for what you have done.

And the following may happen:

redevelopment will not affect the efficiency of the ventilation system;
redevelopment will reduce the performance of the ventilation system and this will be revealed.

Since any of these options can significantly affect the comfort of living, financial stability, you should familiarize yourself with them in more detail.

You need to be aware that even when the redevelopment did not lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the ventilation system, but neighbors, representatives of the management company, housing inspections revealed the presence of changes, they have the right to demand an explanation of the situation. For example, to demand to provide documents indicating that the work performed is safe and will not lead to a decrease in living standards. And this will have to be taken into account.

But you must remember that everything can change for the worse at any moment.

For example, old neighbors who did not attach importance or did not want to make a fuss over deteriorating living conditions can sell their homes. And new tenants, having identified the problem, will immediately contact the housing inspectorate.

It happens that the redevelopment of ventilation in the kitchen itself will lead to minor changes, but one of the neighbors also decides to improve the ergonomics of their apartment at the expense of common house property. Which, in aggregate, will lead to a deterioration in the living conditions of all users of the ventilation system.

Problems for the owners of the premises may also begin during the visit of gas workers, representatives of the management company, who may notice illegal redevelopment.

And in any of these cases, you will have to bear responsibility. So, when it comes to the housing inspection, a fine will be immediately issued, the amount of which will be 2-2.5 thousand rubles. Few? Do not rush to rejoice, as this is a punishment for the very illegal redevelopment. And you will also have to eliminate its consequences, which the representatives of the housing sector will immediately demand to do.

Unauthorized intervention in the design of the ventilation system can be detected at any time.As a result, the violator will have to legalize changes in the design of ventilation and restore the design of the ventilation system

Moreover, it’s just not possible to move the vent to the old place, not knowing whether it can be done - you will have to find out this moment initially. Why do you have to contact the organization that made the system project. And it will definitely be expensive.

The photo shows climbers installing a separate ventilation duct. And this is not accidental, since it is this method that allows you to solve all the problems with the layout and ensure the efficiency of air exchange.

But redevelopment can disrupt air exchange, for example, the smell of your dishes being prepared will penetrate to other residents.

When neighbors detect that air circulation is impaired or stopped altogether, they may make angry demands to fix the problem. They should not be ignored, as they are legal.

And, if the neighbors don't get their way, they can move to more aggressive methods, both legal and not.

If redevelopment is expected to reduce the performance of the ventilation system, the duct should be extended. That will significantly increase traction. And most importantly, the housing inspectorate and neighbors will only welcome such methods of changing the design of the system.

Legal methods of dealing with violations include appeals:

to the management company;
to the housing inspectorate;
to court.

And then it will be as described in the previous paragraph. That is, they will immediately issue a fine, then they will demand that the ventilation system be restored to working order. If the requirements are ignored, the premises will be sold.

The concept of air exchange

Air exchange is a quantitative parameter that characterizes the operation of the ventilation system in enclosed spaces. In other words, air is exchanged to remove excess heat, moisture, harmful and other substances in order to ensure an acceptable microclimate and air quality in the serviced room or work area. Proper organization of air exchange - one of the main goals in the development of the ventilation project. The intensity of air exchange is measured by the multiplicity - the ratio of the volume of supplied or removed air in 1 hour to the volume of the room. The ratio of supply or exhaust air is determined by the regulatory literature. Now let's talk a little about SNiPs, SPs and GOSTs, which dictate the necessary parameters for us to maintain comfortable conditions in office and residential premises.

Dust collectors and filters for industrial work

The quality of air emissions into the atmosphere is regulated by the requirements for ventilation of industrial premises. Therefore, dirty air from industrial plants must be filtered before being released into the environment. One of the most important parameters calculated for the ventilation of a production facility is the efficiency of air purification.

It is calculated like this:

where Kin is the concentration of impurities in the air before the filter, Kout is the concentration after the filter.

The type of cleaning system depends on the amount of impurities, chemical composition and form.

The simplest design of dust collectors is dust settling chambers. In them, the speed of the air flow is sharply reduced and due to this, mechanical impurities settle. This type of cleaning is only suitable for primary cleaning and is not very effective.

Dust chambers are:

simple;
labyrinth;
with a baffle.

To catch dust with particles larger than 10 microns, cyclones are used - inertial dust traps.

A cyclone is a cylindrical container made of metal, tapering at the bottom. Air is supplied from above, dust particles under the influence of centrifugal forces hit the walls and fall down. Clean air is removed through a special pipe.

To further increase the amount of trapped dust, water is sprayed into the cyclone body. Such devices are called cyclones-washers. The dust is washed off with water and sent to the septic tanks.

The modern type of dust collectors is rotary or rotoclones. Their work is based on a combination of Coriolis forces and centrifugal force. The design of rotoclons resembles a centrifugal fan.

Electrostatic precipitators are another way to clean the air from dust. Positively charged dust particles are attracted to negatively charged electrodes. A high voltage is passed through the filter. To clean the electrodes from dust, they are automatically shaken from time to time. Dust gets into the bins.

Water-wetted gravel and coke filters are also used.

Medium and fine filters are made of filter material: felt, synthetic non-woven materials, fine meshes, porous fabrics. They catch the smallest particles of oils, dust, but quickly clog and require replacement or cleaning.

If the air needs to be cleaned of very aggressive, explosive substances or gases, ejection systems are used.

The ejector consists of four chambers: rarefaction, confuser, neck, diffuser. The air enters them under high pressure, entrained by a powerful fan or compressor.In the diffuser, the dynamic pressure is converted into static pressure, after which the air mass is carried out.

Possible errors in the design of the ventilation system of the gym

The use of natural ventilation as an alternative to forced ventilation. It happens that mechanical ventilation is simply not provided, because. for gyms, premises from the housing stock are often used, in which initially it simply does not exist.

Incorrect calculation of the required performance. The choice of a smaller indicator when calculating by the number of people and by the multiplicity.

Savings on ventilation and air conditioning equipment. With insufficient power and high room load (above the calculated one), the system simply will not produce the required air parameters.

Incorrect wiring of the duct network. In small sections of the channels with a high air flow, a high speed appears, which can create an uncomfortable strong air flow (to blow from the grills in a simple way) into hot people and thereby cause dissatisfaction and irritation of customers.

In conclusion, we note that the ventilation and air conditioning systems of fitness centers, gyms, boxing halls, dance halls and other sports facilities are extremely important components, since the comfort and effectiveness of any workout is highly dependent on the parameters and the availability of fresh air.

Our specialists have extensive experience in the design and installation of ventilation and air conditioning for sports facilities, so we will quickly and completely free of charge prepare a sketch drawing and cost estimate for your facility.

In any case, we will be happy to answer all your questions.

Air exchange rates from SNiP 2.08.02-89 "Public buildings and structures"

room	Estimated air temperature, °C	Air exchange rate per 1 hour
		inflow	hood
1	2	3	4
1. Gyms with seats St. 800 spectators, covered skating rinks with seats for spectators	18* in the cold period of the year at a relative humidity of 30-45% and the design temperature of the outside air according to parameters B	According to the calculation, but not less than 80 m3/h of outdoor air per student and not less than 20 m3/h per spectator
	Not higher than 26 (on skating rinks - not higher than 25) in the warm season at a relative humidity of not more than 60% (on skating rinks - not more than 55%) and the design temperature of the outside air according to parameters B
2. Sports halls with seats for 800 or less spectators	18 * in the cold season.
	Not more than 3 °C higher than the calculated outdoor air temperature according to parameters A in the warm period of the year (for the IV climatic region - according to paragraph 1 of this table)
3. Gyms without seats for spectators (except for rhythmic gymnastics halls)	15*	According to the calculation, but not less than 80 m3/h of outdoor air per student
4. Indoor skating rinks without seats for spectators	14*	Same
5. Halls for rhythmic gymnastics and choreographic classes	18*
6. Premises for individual strength and acrobatic training, for individual warm-up before competitions in athletics showrooms, workshops	16*	2	3 (in the workshop, local suctions according to the design assignment)
7. Dressing room for outerwear for practitioners and spectators	16	—	2
8. Dressing rooms (including massage rooms and dry heat baths)	25	According to the balance, taking into account showers	2 (from showers)
9. Showers	25	5	10
10. Massage	22	4	5
11. Dry heat bath chamber	110**	—	5 (intermittent action in the absence of people)
12.Classrooms, methodical rooms, rest rooms for students, rooms for instructors and coaches, for judges, the press, administrative and engineering staff	18	3	2
13. Sanitary units:
general use, for spectators	16	—	100 m3/h for 1 toilet or urinal
for those involved (in locker rooms)	20	—	50 m3/h per 1 toilet or urinal
individual use	16	—	25 m3/h per 1 toilet or urinal
14. Washrooms at public sanitary facilities	16	—	Through sanitary facilities
15. Inventory at the halls	15	—	1
16. Parking area for ice care machines	10	According to the balance from the auditorium	10 (1/3 from the top and 2/3 from the bottom zone)
17. Welfare premises for workers, protection of public order	18	2	3
18. Fire post room	18	—	2
19. Premises (storerooms) for storing sports equipment and inventory, household supplies	16	—	2
20. Room for refrigeration machines	16	4	5
21. Drying room for sportswear	22	2	3

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Air flow rates for modulated equipment

№	Equipment	brand	kW	Air quantity, m3/h
exhaust	supply
1	Electric stove	PE-0.17	4	250	200
2	PE-0.17-01	4	250	200
3	Electric stove	PE-0.51	12	750	400
4	PE-0.51-01	12	750	400
5	Cabinet oven	ShZhE-0.51	8	400	—
6	ShZhE-0.51-01	8	400	—
7	ShZhE-0.85	12	500	—
8	ShZhE-0.85-1	12	500	—
9	Electrical device, cooking	UEV-60	9,45	650	400
10	Mobile boiler	KP-60	—	—	—
11	fryer	FE-20	7,5	350	200
12	Cooking boiler with capacity, l:
100	KE-100	18,9	550	400
160	KE-160	24	650	400
250	KE-250	30	750	400
13	Steamer	APE-0.23A	7,5	650	400
APE-0.23A-01	7,5	650	400
14	Electric frying pan	SE-0.22	5	450	400
SE-0,22-01	5	450	400
SE-0.45	11,5	700	400
SE-0,45-01	11,5	700	400
15	Steam table	ITU-0.84	2,5	300	200
ITU-0.84-01	2,5	300	200
16	Food warmer mobile	MP-28	0,63	—	—

Requirements for the ventilation system in the workplace

The systems are regulated by special sanitary standards, which are disclosed in the SNiP "Ventilation of special and industrial buildings". Key points to highlight:

Installation in industrial places should be carried out in any production, regardless of the number of employees and pollution. This is necessary for safety reasons in the event of an accident or fire in order to be able to clean the required place
The system itself must not cause contamination. In new technologies, this is excluded. Requirements apply to older devices requiring replacement
The noise of the ventilation unit must comply with the norms and not increase the noise from the production
With the predominance of air pollution, the amount of exhaust air must be greater than the supply air. If the place is clean, then the situation should be the opposite, the inflow is larger, and the exhaust is smaller. This is necessary to avoid the ingress of polluted air flow into those adjacent to these places. In most other cases, it is necessary to maintain a balance between the inflow and removal of air.
According to the norms, not less than 30 m3 / h per person of fresh air, with increased areas of production sites, the amount of clean air supplied should be increased
The amount of incoming clean air per person must be sufficient. Calculations set the air flow rate and its mass. The following factors are taken into account: humidity, excess heat and environmental pollution. If several or all of the above factors are observed, then the amount of inflow is calculated by the superior value.
The device and type of system in each production are regulated by SNiP. Any system can be installed if the design is done in compliance with laws and regulations

Standards for ventilation and air exchange in offices according to SanPiN

Ventilation rates in office premises, depending on the number of people, are regulated by SNiPs: SP 118.13330.2012, No. 41-01-2003, No. 2.09.04-87. According to them, when calculating ventilation per person, from 30 to 100 cubic meters of air per hour will be required. This indicator depends on the purpose of the room. For example, in a meeting room it is 30, and in a smoking room it is 100 cubic meters per person.

The air exchange rate is a unit of measurement equal to the number of times the air is changed in the room. Correct calculation allows you to get rid of the exhaust air, thereby creating a comfortable microclimate. For a typical office space with ventilation, this figure is 40 cubic meters per hour per employee.

The area of the office is 50 square meters, and the height of the ceilings in it is 2 meters. 4 people are constantly working in the room, which means its multiplicity is 4. Based on this, the air exchange rate is equal to the office area (100 cubic meters) multiplied by 4. The supply air flow must be at least 400 cubic meters per 1 hour. This indicator is regulated by SNiP 2.08.02-89.

In custody

The frequency of complete replacement of oxygen is an indicator that determines the comfort and safety of staying indoors.This parameter is different for rooms with different purposes, and is determined by one of the above methods based on the indicator that determines the supply of pure oxygen per hour and the volume of the structure. To ensure the microclimate regulated by the norms of SNiP and sanitary requirements, natural, forced and combined ventilation schemes can be used.

An example of calculating the multiplicity for a boiler room:

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The air exchange rate according to SNiP is a sanitary indicator of the state of the air in the room. The comfort and safety of people staying in a particular room depends on its value. The permissible value of this parameter is regulated by state building codes and regulations, which determine different requirements for all erected buildings.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Few of the owners of city apartments or houses are concerned about the compliance of air exchange in housing with the requirements. More often, engineers, builders and installers are interested in standards when designing or installing ventilation systems.

Compliance with the requirements of SP 60.13330.2016 and SNiP 2.04.05-91 Amendment No. 2 ensures comfortable working conditions in the office.

The required air exchange rate can be provided by ventilation systems of several types, with their own advantages and disadvantages. All these nuances must be taken into account when choosing and drafting a project.

Do you have questions about air exchange in the office? Ask our experts and we will help you solve your problem.