Do-it-yourself storm sewer: all about the stormwater device for a summer residence and a private house

The order and stages of construction

First you need to think about the project.If there is no desire to turn to the services of professionals, you can do all the constructive and schematic work yourself in one of the programs or even on a piece of paper. So it becomes possible to more accurately understand and correctly position all the elements. After that, you will have to purchase materials, and then start work.

How to make a storm drain with your own hands correctly:

1. Install under-roof trays, drainage system.

1. Dig trenches for the pipeline, as shown in the video. The depth of the trenches must exceed the size required for pipes by at least 15 cm. Lay a crushed stone pillow at the bottom of the pits, and only then pipes. Crushed stone will help neutralize the heaving forces, always remaining motionless. This quality helps all devices installed in rubble to practically not feel the load.
2. Install storm water inlets, concrete structures and lay the finish coating.
3. Connect the pipeline to a reservoir or lead the end into a river, lake for water discharge.

These are the main stages, but as shown in the video, it will be necessary to equip trays along the tracks, a linear sewer for the output of flows.

You can do without complex structures, even if rain is not the rarest occurrence in your area. With a good ability of soil absorption, it is enough to equip under-roof trays and bring them to a vertical pipe with their end. Install a tank (barrel) at the bottom of the pipe, where water will accumulate. And then use the liquid for irrigation and other technical needs. With low soil absorption, add a point storm water inlet at the lowest point of the site and dig a barrel there, gutters for drains from paths, roofs are also brought into the barrel. And that's it, the storm drain is ready.There are options for arranging structures on the video, and doing the simplest system with your own hands will not be difficult even for a novice home master.

How to make a storm sewer

High-quality storm sewer is an important system of a private house. It provides a quick removal of melt or rain water, eliminating their accumulation in the ground around the building.

The presence of such a system prevents premature destruction of the foundation, the formation of puddles in the yard. There are both budgetary and more expensive and reliable options for storm sewers. You can install each of them on your own.

Features of the device of storm sewers

The manufacture of storm sewers, as in the photo, must necessarily begin with drawing up drawings, determining the optimal type of system, and selecting its components. The simplest solution is the installation of ground gutters made of concrete, which will divert precipitation outside the area to be equipped. Such a system is optimally suited for small country houses.

Storm drain can be installed do-it-yourself sewerage and underground or have a combined type (ground + underground). It is optimal to carry out work on the installation of such systems immediately after the construction of the house or during the arrangement of the yard adjacent to the structure of the territory. Naturally, removing asphalt or tiles to make storm sewers is inconvenient: the procedure will take too much time and lead to a significant waste of money.

The structure of the storm sewer in a private house

The created storm sewer in the country house or near a private house should consist of a roof drain and pipes / gutters in the territory. Therefore, the main elements of the system include:

• gutters, plugs and fixtures;
• funnels, drainpipes, pipe holders;
• water inlets (under the grate on the porch, under the drainpipes);
• trays, gutters;
• sand traps, sewer pipes, fittings.

For laying underground, it is recommended to use metal-plastic pipes: they have a long service life, are reliable and affordable. Downspouts are usually made of steel and coated with a protective paint. Sand traps, trays and gutters can be made of concrete, plastic, steel.

How to make a storm sewer without errors?

First of all, the owner must draw up a detailed diagram on which the locations of the elements will be indicated. Additionally, you need to calculate the required number of pipes, sand traps, water inlets. Next, the installation of storm sewers is carried out according to the following instructions:

• Dig trenches for storm water inlets, sand traps and pipes.
• Prepare a cushion of crushed stone, taking into account the slope of the pipes towards the collector or to another place of water drainage.
• Lay geotextiles along trenches to protect pipes from freezing.
• Carry out the installation of storm water inlets, laying pipes, buried gutters. Check the quality of the connection of the elements.
• Wrap the pipes with geotextile. Pour crushed stone into the trenches (excluding its entry into storm water inlets, sand traps and gutters).
• Pour sand/earth over the rubble above the pipes. Above the storm water inlets and gutters, install gratings to prevent debris from entering the compartments. Connect the outlet pipe to the manifold or simply take it outside the site.

In order for the finished system to cope with the assigned tasks, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the region when choosing elements.For areas where rain is common throughout the year, it is recommended to use oversized sewer components. Otherwise, water drainage problems may occur.

Do-it-yourself alternative "rainfall" options

The desire to save is especially pronounced when arranging a summer cottage. All improvised means are used, especially since in most cases, you do not need to pay for them at all. Of course, the use of such materials does not increase the quality of construction projects. However, it significantly reduces their cost.

For the device of storm sewers, you can also use various improvised materials. Most often it is:

• plastic bottles;
• worn out car tires;
• various remnants of building materials;
• polystyrene, etc.

Despite the fact that all these materials can hardly be called suitable, with proper installation and compliance with all necessary requirements, it is possible to mount a fully functional "stormwater" from them. Consider such a system on the example of plastic bottles.

Do-it-yourself PET storm sewer

The main reason for the use of improvised means, as mentioned above, is the relatively high cost of components for drainage systems. In addition, plastic bottles undergo special processing during the production process, which allows them to be used as an underground drainage pipeline for 50 years or more. Let us consider in more detail the method of installing storm sewers from PET.

Let's say right away:

The use of plastic bottles is possible only with the construction of an internal (underground) sewer system.This is due to the fact that under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, polyethylene is not only intensively destroyed, but also releases toxic compounds into the atmosphere.

There are two installation options:

• grid;
• natural withdrawal.

Each of these options is quite effective and deserves separate consideration.

Laying "mesh"

This option involves removing the bottom of one of the bottles and installing the next one in the resulting hole, neck first. Such a connection is quite tight and quite reliable.

The sequence of installation work is as follows:

1. According to the markup, trenches are dug on the territory of the site with a depth of about 50 cm. This figure is not mandatory, since soil features and the depth of the aquifer can vary significantly in different areas.
2. A sand cushion 20-25 cm high is laid at the bottom of the ditch and carefully compacted.
3. The previously obtained pipes are laid on the bed thus obtained. From above, the improvised pipeline must be insulated with some kind of moisture-resistant heat insulator (in extreme cases, sawdust is suitable), and then fill the trench with soil to the very surface. This is done in order to exclude the possibility of freezing of the drainage line in the cold season.
4. At the end of the pipeline, a storage or grouting well is equipped. If the collected water is not planned to be used for irrigation of the site or for other purposes, it can be diverted to a ravine or reservoir located in the immediate vicinity.

Natural outlet method

The river system became the prototype for the design of rainwater drainage, arranged according to the principle of free drainage: the main outlet line, which has its own "tributaries", acts as a channel. This option is especially effective in large areas and in wetlands.

The installation sequence is as follows:

1. In the direction of the lowest section, the main trench and its "tributaries" are dug, observing the required slope. The main trench should be a little deeper than the others.
2. A sand or gravel cushion is laid at the bottom of the dug trenches, after which bottles with tightly twisted corks are laid on it.
3. The last step is the thermal insulation of the bottles and the backfilling of the trenches with soil.

The advantages of such a sewer include:

• minimum cost;
• the possibility of independent installation work;
• simplicity and long service life of the structure;
• in such a system, the development of bacteria and the occurrence of unpleasant odors are unlikely.

As for the disadvantages of such systems, it is difficult to say anything definite. Plastic bottles can last 50 years or more, which is quite comparable to the period of operation of factory pipes. PET does not rot and does not collapse under the influence of moisture, and the ground cover reliably protects them from ultraviolet radiation.

SNiP

Mandatory compliance with SNiP and similar standards in accordance with GOST for its manufacture in a small area. Failure to comply with elementary requirements will lead to failures in its operation. So, the main provisions are set out in SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and structures”.

To achieve the greatest effect, it is extremely important to have the following information at hand, preferably documented:

• Plan of the existing sewer system.
• Working drawings.
• A network profile is made in a longitudinal section.
• Statement of the work to be carried out.

This is interesting: Do-it-yourself drain from sewer pipes - assembly algorithm

The principle of calculating storm sewers

The fundamental points of calculating rainwater drainage include:

• development of pipeline routing;
• calculation of the required throughput characteristics of the system.

To draw up a scheme of the drainage main, which includes all elements of the system, a detailed site plan is required indicating the heights and depths of the water-containing layer. In addition, it must indicate:

• location of residential and commercial buildings;
• locations of garden buildings and recreation areas;
• paths and sidewalks, if any.

A properly designed piping layout contains a minimum number of bends. In addition, it is necessary to take into account sanitary standards and the requirements of SNiP. Due to the high complexity of the task, it is better to entrust the preparation of design and technical documentation, especially for sites with a large area and difficult terrain, to professionals.

At the second stage, the capacity of the rain sewer is calculated. To perform such calculations, statistical data on the average amount of precipitation in a given area will be required. Based on these data, the diameters and lengths of the main pipelines, the required volume of storage and grouting drainage wells and other technical characteristics of the system are determined.

If all calculations are performed correctly, even heavy rainfall will not cause flooding of the site and the destruction of the underground part of the foundation.

The device and principle of operation of storm sewers

Storm sewer scheme

A large amount of water on the surface that remains after rain can cause many troubles: erosion of the soil, waterlogging of the soil, death of plants, destruction of the foundation of a building, flooding of basements, etc. Such problems arise for various reasons: in the given area there is a lot of rainfall; the site is located in a lowland or it is located in a flood zone. Troubles are eliminated by the rapid removal of water from the territory using storm sewers at home.

To create it, the following details are used:

• Gutters, funnels, downpipes. They are necessary to collect water from the roof surface and direct it to the storm water inlets.
• rainwater inlets. Products are designed to receive water from the roof or site. Factory-made tanks are often equipped with filter elements: a basket for collecting large debris and a sand trap.
• Door trays. These are containers for collecting water directly near the entrance doors.
• Pipes. They are used in underground utilities to move liquid to the place of collection or disposal. Indispensable in urban environments.
• receiving trays. Details for collecting liquid from the surface of the earth and directing it to storm water inlets. Usually used by individual developers in rural areas.
• Sand traps. Needed to isolate a fine loose mass from a liquid. They are installed immediately behind the storm water inlets, in places where water flows into the underground system. Without such filters, the sewer will quickly become clogged and fail.
• Revision wells. Elements of a closed storm sewer. They are used to clean the underground part of the system.
• collectors. Designed to collect water from several pipes and trays and combine flows. They are also built if it is necessary to drastically change the direction of the highway.
• Drives. Serve for temporary storage of rainwater collected from the site.

The storm sewer system is conditionally divided into two zones: water drainage from the roof and from the surface of the land.

The diagram shows the principle of operation of storm sewers

It functions as follows. Rainwater from the roof flows into the gutters placed along the lower edge of the roof covering. They are mounted with an inclination towards vertical pipelines-risers. Through them, the liquid enters the storm water inlets located on the ground directly under the risers. These elements are connected by pipes with trays into which water flows from the surface of the site. The collected liquid is discharged along the main line into the central sewer, outside the site, into a ravine or reservoir. To prevent the system from clogging, the sewer is equipped with sand traps for cleaning loose mass and gratings for retaining branches, leaves and other large debris.

Storm sewers of houses differ among themselves in the volume of water that they can pass through themselves, in design, and in service life. There are such types of structures:

• open system. Built on top of the ground. Structural elements are deepened and concreted, and covered with gratings from above. The highway is very simple and the least expensive in terms of money. It is easy to make it yourself without developing a project. An open storm drain is built in small private houses and is often used as an element of landscape decoration. During frost, such a system is inoperative. It can be built at any stage of the development of the territory of the site.
• closed system. In such structures, there are storm water inlets into which the collected water enters through pipes or trays. Of these, the liquid is sent to the place of disposal. Storm drain elements are not visible, they are hidden under the ground. The cost of a closed system is quite high, so the decision to use it must be justified. It is recommended to build such a drainage system at the initial stage of arranging the site.
• Mixed system. It consists of external trays and pipes laid underground. It is used in case of complex terrain of the site. It is often used for laying stormwater along the shortest path.
• Point system. Designed to collect and drain water from surfaces that do not allow liquid to pass through, for example, from the roof of a house or from a concrete platform. Most often, these are storm water wells with a removable cover and simple garbage traps.
• Linear system. It is created for a comprehensive solution to the problem - removing water from the surface of a large area and directing it to the place of collection or disposal. It consists of gutters, trays, sand traps and a coarse filter for collecting large debris. They are mounted along paths and platforms.

The key to success Finding a company that specializes in the development of projects Water supply and sanitation

Full range of works:

The design organization fully assumes all obligations for the collection of initial data and the development of the V&V scheme.

1. Specialists of the design organization, together with the customer, collect the initial data.
2. Implementation of the Report in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 5, 2013N 782 "On water supply and sanitation schemes" Procedure for the development and approval of water supply and sanitation schemes.
3. Face-to-face defense of Preliminary decisions.
4. Face-to-face defense at public hearings.

It is rational in the implementation of city schemes and schemes of municipal districts with a large number of small settlements.

Remote development of ViV Scheme:

The design organization provides the customer with requests and questionnaires for filling out, provides remote support for the collection of initial data and protection of the decisions made.

Implementation of the Report in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 5, 2013 N 782 "On water supply and sanitation schemes" Procedure for the development and approval of water supply and sanitation schemes.

Remote protection Preliminary decisions, via videoconference.

Remote protection at public hearings, via videoconference.

Rational in the implementation of schemes of small settlements, in order to optimize costs.

System design and installation of storm sewers in a private house

Before creating any drainage system, it is necessary to draw up a drawing in advance, prepare plans for the territory and make detailed design diagrams. Otherwise, you will greatly complicate the work, for sure, in one of the sections you will make a mistake with the slope. If you can’t make an efficient system, then it’s better not to start this business, otherwise you will waste your money, and if you make a stormwater system that is too powerful, you will waste a lot of money.

To accurately perform calculations and prepare a project, you will need the following data:

• Average amount of precipitation;
• Precipitation frequency;
• Thickness of snow in winter;
• roof area;
• Runoff area;
• Soil characteristics on the site;
• Drawing of the location of underground utilities;
• Calculation of the possible amount of wastewater.

After that, calculations are made according to the formula Q \u003d q20 * F * K, in which:

• Q - the amount of water that must be removed by storm sewers;
• q20 is the amount of precipitation (we need data for a certain area);
• F is the area from which precipitation is removed;
• K - coefficient, which is affected by the coating material:
  • Crushed stone - 0.4;
  • Concrete - 0 0.85;
  • Asphalt - 0.95;
  • Roofs of buildings - 1.0.

These data are compared with the requirements of SNiP and decide what pipe diameter is required for high-quality drainage.

Often the high cost of earthworks causes people to lay pipes shallowly - this is justified, there is no particular need to bury pipes too deep. Inspection wells and collectors must be buried below the freezing depth of the soil, as indicated in GOSTs. You can lay them higher, but you will need to insulate the pipes with heat-insulating material, for example, you can use geotextiles. Reducing the depth significantly reduces the cost of a storm sewer device.

It is impossible to neglect requests for the minimum slope of the pipeline; according to GOST, the following standards are provided:

1. Pipes with a diameter of 15 cm must be laid with a slope of at least 0.008 mm per linear meter;
2. Pipes with a diameter of 20 cm must be laid with a slope of at least 0.007 mm per linear meter.

The slope may vary, taking into account the characteristics of the territory on the site near the house.For example, at the junction of a storm water inlet and a pipe, it is necessary to increase the speed of the water, for this it is necessary to increase the slope by 0.02 mm per linear meter. In the area where the sand trap is located, it is necessary to reduce the flow rate, otherwise the suspended sand particles will not linger, and they will be carried away by the water flow, for this reason, the pipe slope angle is reduced.

The purpose and specifics of the stormwater device

Storm sewage is a complex of devices and channels that collects, filters and removes atmospheric moisture into filtration fields, special reservoirs, and reservoirs. Its task is to eliminate excess moisture that creates discomfort, destroys structures and shortens the life cycle of plants.

Stormwater is a linear network that includes such standard elements as:

• • storm water inlets, represented by funnels, pallets, linear trays that collect water;
  • gutters, pipes, trays transporting water to sand traps - filtration devices, and further to collectors, ditches, reservoirs, to discharge fields;
  • manholes required to control the storm system;

filters, sand traps that retain soil particles, plant fibers and debris that protect the network from pollution.

Stormwater is a complex of channels and devices that collect excess atmospheric moisture, filter it and drain it first to a collector well, then to unloading points.

Options for storm water inlets: on the left is a door tray, in the middle is a funnel that receives water from the drain, on the right is a gutter with a sand trap

All elements are combined into an integral system operating on a linear or point technology.If storm sewer channels are laid in the ground, pipes are used for their construction. Gutters and trays made of plastic, asbestos or concrete are installed in surface ditches.

Classification according to the method of collecting wastewater

Depending on the principle of collection, according to which the storm sewer is installed, all existing storm drains are divided into two types.

• Point systems, which include storm water inlets installed under the gutters of internal and external drains. Each device receiving atmospheric water is connected to a common highway. According to the technical specifications, the storm water inlets are equipped with special gratings and sand traps that prevent the penetration of suspended particles of soil, plant residues, and debris into the system.

Point type of storm water: the storm water inlet is installed under the drain, the water-receiving funnel is equipped with a filter mesh and an internal litter basket

• A linear type of stormwater drainage, which is a network of channels laid underground or in slightly buried trenches. Trays that collect and move water, laid in an open way, are also equipped with sand traps and equipped with gratings. Only gratings are installed along the entire line. Unlike the point scheme, the linear sewer system collects water not only from roof drains, but also from paths, from sites covered with concrete, paved with paving bricks. This type of sewer "covers" and processes more objects.

A linear stormwater drainage scheme can cover a large area, drain runoff not only from the roof, but also from landscaped areas, from sidewalks, and from those sides of the house where, due to the specifics of the pitched structure, there are no drains

Focusing on the design differences and the degree of coverage of the territory, the type of system is selected. However, these are not fundamental selection criteria. Basically, storm sewers in the country are arranged according to the experience in the organization and operation of storm sewers available in a particular area. Based on it, they determine both the type of channeling and the depth of their laying.

Performing installation work

As with any construction, at the very beginning there are all the necessary preparatory work. At the first stage, a site plan is marked on paper and a drawing of the future drainage system is made, then the necessary calculations of building materials are performed.

Next, the direct preparation of channels for future drainage begins. Trenches must be dug at least 10 cm deep and taking into account the fact that decorative gratings are installed with a slight penetration into the ground. After the channels are dug out and the foundation is created, they begin to pour the concrete mixture. Layer thickness concrete about 10 cm. Then sand traps are installed in the concrete and plastic gutters are already laid on them. To obtain the highest quality and durable drainage, it is recommended to additionally perform waterproofing: lay a waterproofing material (roofing felt or roofing felt) between the gutters and concrete.

The final stage includes connecting the drainage system to the sewer. This is done using a pipe. To top it off, decorative protective grilles are installed.

Design features

Storm sewerage consists of two sections:

• interior;
• outer.

Domestic storm sewer is everything
elements located on the roof and vertical pipelines through which water
moved to receiving containers. The outer part is a system
conveying wastewater to a rain collector. Composition and design of external
plots are almost the same for all systems.
The difference lies in the way water is collected and moved from the roof down.

houses with pitched roofs

Building
with sloping roof slopes are equipped with a system of receiving trays installed along
roof perimeter. Water flows into them, passes to the receiving funnels, goes down the drainpipes and
is sent to receiving tanks or to the main line. All systems
of this type are self-flowing. This means that the installation of an internal storm sewer is necessary
produce taking into account the slope of the trays. Repair and maintenance of such systems is simple, as hidden
elements are missing. However, placing components at high altitude
makes work difficult and makes maintenance or replacement an extremely dangerous procedure. Open trays are often filled with small
debris carried by the wind. Blockages quickly increase and compact,
blocking the way to drains. If not produced
periodic cleaning of gutters, moisture will overflow, get into
on the walls and windows of the lower
floors. This is the only drawback of such systems.

flat roof houses

Internal storm sewer in a multi-storey building
with a flat roof is one or more intake funnels,
connected to a vertical pipeline. Another name is a siphon drain. He
passes to the lower floor, leaves the foundation and joins
main line. To organize efficient collection of water to the funnels
deviation is made. Riser diameter
should provide sufficient capacity to remove rain
water flowed without delay.

Sometimes more complex
structure of internal siphon
systems. Receiving funnels are connected to horizontal pipelines,
located under the floor slab. From horizontal pipes departs L-shaped
connecting element connected to the riser. The principle of the network
changes, the difference is only in structural issues.

Repair of storm sewers in an apartment building
is greatly simplified if it is assembled according to the siphon type. All possible
problems are clogging the riser. Servicing, repairing and changing components under such
arranging elements is much easier and safer.

Designing such systems
produced based on the overall configuration of the building. According to the norms of SNiP, for one
the entrance has one riser, or for 250 m2 of roof - one
vertical pipeline

It is important to ensure good sealing of all
connections, otherwise leaks will occur that destroy the material of the walls or the foundation. High-rise sewer risers
buildings are common property, so concerns about the condition of these
elements fall on the shoulders of employees of management companies

The process and specifics of the installation of stormwater

The rules for carrying out installation work on the installation of storm drains are identical to the principles of laying conventional external sewer pipelines. However, if the house is not equipped with gutters, you need to start with their device.

The rules for installing a storm drain system are similar to the rules for laying a conventional sewer

Construction of the roofing component

• In the ceilings of the house, you need to make holes for storm water inlets. After installing the devices and attaching them to the bituminous mastic, the junction points must be sealed.
• Installed sewer pipes and risers.
• All elements must be attached to the structures of the house using clamps.

Scheme of the roofing part of the storm drain: 1. gutter; 2. outside corner of the gutter; 3. the corner of the gutter is internal; 4. gutter plug; 5. gutter connector; 6. hook; 7. hook; 8. funnel; 9. catchment funnel; 10. pipe elbow; 11. drainpipe; 12. connecting pipe; 13. pipe bracket (for brick); 14. pipe bracket (for wood); 15. drain elbow; 16. pipe tee

Next, trays are installed if a linear type of system is being built, or outlet pipes if installation is carried out according to a point scheme.

Underground device

According to the planned plan, drawn up taking into account the slopes and the depth of the channels adopted in the region, it is necessary to dig a trench. If it is planned to insulate the pipeline by forming a shell of geotextile and crushed stone around it, or to arrange a pillow of sand, their power should also be taken into account. Here's how we proceed:

• • The bottom of the trench is well rammed before installation. Large stones encountered during digging are removed, the pits formed after their removal are covered with soil.
  • A sand cushion is poured to the bottom, its standard thickness is 20 cm.
  • A pit is being formed for the installation of a collector tank. As a collector, it is easiest to use a ready-made plastic container, but if you wish, you can make a collector well yourself by pouring concrete into a formwork arranged in advance.

Pipes are laid in compacted and equipped with sand cushions ditches; fittings are used to connect them into a single system.

Connections of underground drainage channels are made using fittings

• It is recommended to include manholes in straight branches of storm water, with a length of more than 10 m.
• Sand traps should be installed at the junction points of atmospheric water-receiving collectors and pipelines.
• All devices and fixtures are connected in one circuit, the junctions of the components are sealed.

Before backfilling the trench, it is necessary to carry out tests by pouring water into the water inlets. As a result of testing, no weaknesses were found? We fill the system laid in the trench with soil, and equip the gutters, trays, pallets with gratings.

Before backfilling the trench, the constructed system must be checked, identified and eliminated all defects and leaks, if any.

It is forbidden to unload the city collector well into the general sewer network due to the presence of chemicals and oil products in the effluents. The owner of a country house can freely connect a storm drain to the sewerage system that is his property, because there are no dangerous components that require fine cleaning.

After cleaning in the sand trap, the water enters the sewer, from there it can be distributed directly into the ground, unloaded into water bodies or into the ordinary sewer network of a private house

Landscaping the house and the surrounding area with a surface drainage system will help extend the life of structures, save owners from puddles and slush, and prevent plant roots from rotting.A simple do-it-yourself stormwater site can be installed by the owner himself, but even if you contact the builders, information about the specifics of its organization will not interfere. The owner himself will be able to track the violations, and repair, and clean.

Storm sewer device and technology

It is better to entrust the installation of stormwater to people with extensive experience in such work. But if you already have to install it yourself, you need to remember about the technology of the process. For example, when installing a drain, it is necessary to take into account the side on which the slope is made. It must be done in the direction of the water flow.

Things to consider:

1. In addition to the material, its location is also taken into account. For example, it is better to give up a lot of turns and corner placement.
2. A tight connection allows the entire system to be a reliable protection against excess moisture. In the absence of tightness, water will seep into the ground or accumulate in the wrong places, which leads to the complete meaninglessness of the drain.
3. When sloping, the main rule is not to retain water. Keep in mind that water freezes quickly in winter. Large temperature fluctuations provide it in large quantities, and frost freezes it. This further leads to clogging of the drain.
4. Before installation, the number of all elements is taken into account. Even debris protection elements are included.

Since the work takes place under the constant influence of moisture, then the material must be chosen resistant to this element - even and durable. It is better not to use corrugated pipes - they will become clogged more often than usual. If the water supply is long, then more wells should be installed to check for leaks or blockages.This is necessary for timely repair and cleaning.

Designing a storm sewer system

The arrangement of storm sewers, as, indeed, the construction of any object, begins with the preparation of a project. However, the scheme of the rain sewer system is created depending on the conditions in which it will have to function. Currently, there are the following options for stormwater devices:

• closed systems. This is a rather complicated version of storm sewers, requiring careful calculations and meticulous planning, therefore, in this case, the design is entrusted exclusively to professionals.
• open systems. They are considered the least costly in finance and the simplest option. When drawing up the scheme, the arrangement of open gutters is provided, where wastewater will be collected.
• mixed systems. An intermediate option between open and closed systems. It is very popular in a situation where it is necessary to significantly reduce the cost of building a large-scale facility.

Also, when designing and drawing up a diagram, it is necessary to answer the following questions:

• What is the average amount of precipitation in an area where a storm sewer is planned? The answer to this question will help determine the performance of the future system.
• What is the total area of ​​drainage surfaces available on the site (concrete and asphalt areas, roofs of buildings, etc.)? Thanks to this parameter, you can determine the number of storm water inlets that need to be installed.
• What are the features of the relief? Since the trays and pipes are always laid at a certain slope, it is necessary to take into account the elevation differences in the storm sewer installation site.
• What type of storm sewer can be equipped in this case? Internal storm sewer, collected from pipes laid underground, is not only the most expensive, but also a very labor-intensive option. That is why the advantage should be given to external (open) rainwater drainage, collected from open trays. At the same time, it makes sense to place the trays along the paths, near the building itself and in those places where water flows.

In addition, when drawing up a storm sewer scheme, it is necessary to minimize the number of additional wiring and completely eliminate (if possible) sharp turns in the pipeline.