Linear LED lamps: characteristics, types + nuances of mounting linear lamps

Precautionary measures

installed devices must be connected to the network without surges and voltage drops

It is advisable to use network adapters with built-in security;
when using a luminaire with built-in dimming, it is important to make sure that the lamp being replaced is designed to work in such a device;
do not damage the integrity of fluorescent lamps. If the lamp is broken, it is important to ventilate the room, collect the fragments, treat the fall site with a weak solution of potassium permanganate;
do not expose the devices to direct contact with water and other liquids;
comply with the operating and disposal conditions specified by the manufacturer in the product passport.

The most common type

Linear luminaires with fluorescent lamps, which reproduce the so-called "daylight", have become one of the most popular. By purchasing these lamps, you will receive:

• affordable price - from 73 UAH (at the time of publication)
• economical consumption of electricity - such lamps consume 3-4 times less electricity;
• the ability to choose the color temperature (cold shades ≈ 6400K - for the office (eyes get less tired), warm ≈ 2700 K - for home premises - (you can find out more about the color temperature);
• assortment: linear luminaires with one and two fluorescent lamps, pendant and overhead models.

Luminescent recessed linear luminaires

Luminescent recessed linear luminaires are widely used for the device of the main or additional source of illumination. The package of any device of this type includes special fasteners, with the help of which they carry out installation.

Most models from different manufacturers use T4-T8 fluorescent lamps. T4 lamps are the smallest among products of a similar type. Average power - 12-24 watts. The average service life is 6-8 thousand hours.Fluorescent lamps can be equipped not only with matte white, but also with colored diffusers.

Luminescent recessed linear luminaires

Each linear built-in fluorescent luminaire is equipped with a housing, at the ends of which there are male-female inputs. Thanks to this, lighting systems of any length and configuration can be mounted from such devices. But another type of connection is also possible: through a connector with two plugs (included in most models).

The power connector (DC connectors, male-female) helps to avoid the soldering process during installation, which makes installation easier, more convenient and faster. The end of the LED strip must be inserted into the contact group (connector), and then lowered and snapped the plastic cover

LED lamp device

The method and nuances of installation are largely determined by the type of LED lamp. Regardless of the external design and structure, all of them are united by a led element used as a light source. The latter is classified according to a number of parameters:

1. power consumption.
2. Color temperature.
3. Brightness.
4. Type.
5. durability.
6. The angle of dispersion of the light flux.
7. Ripple intensity.

The design of most LED lamps used in everyday life includes one or more led crystals, a housing with a reflector or diffuser, and a radiator necessary to remove the generated heat.

According to the external design, installation nuances, operation features and place of application, LED lamps are divided into the following subspecies:

1. Overhead. Installed directly on the ceiling or wall.
2. Embedded. Mounted in a pre-prepared cavity or box.
3. Suspended.Suspended with a hook, chain or wire.
4. Swivel. By means of the bracket, the direction of the light flux is changed.
5. Narrowly targeted. They have concentrated radiation.
6. With a wide beam angle. Light travels in all directions.
7. Panel. The device is a matrix with many LED elements, covered from above by a diffuser made in the form of a panel or a plane.
8. Specific. This type includes lighting devices of specific models, such as, for example, Armstrong, Grilyato and others.

The simplest type of luminaires under consideration is the LED lamp. Its installation is carried out as standard - by screwing into the base E14, E27 and other modifications.

Luminous tape

LED strip in a metal case, bent using a special technology. Malaya Ordynka 39"

In addition to lamps, a very common way to use LEDs are LED strips. On a flexible basis, LED modules are placed in one, two or three rows. The more modules, the brighter the lighting will be. The tape is in most cases presented on spools of 5 or 10 m, it can be cut in certain places (usually after 10 cm, and this is indicated by the corresponding symbols on the product).

Most often, LED strip is used as a ceiling light, sticking it on a thin metal profile or directly on the surface itself. Such an application is mainly decorative in nature; it is usually not possible to get enough light. But the effect will be interesting. You can make a “floating” ceiling, podium, shelves, etc. Otherwise, the tape glued to the bottom surface of the cabinets above the working kitchen worktop will give uniform bright lighting when cooking.Waterproof models in a silicone shell can also be used in the bathroom.

Radial illumination in the interior. Made with flexible profile Arlight ARH-BENT.

Floor lamp created with KLUS PDS45-KUB profile and Arlight LED strip.

Pendant lamp, Arlight design, made with KLUS PDS-S and KLUS PLS-GIP profiles and Arlight LED strip.

There are LED strips that reproduce both ordinary "white" light and RGB color strips. The latter are used to create bright and dynamic light performances. For this, complex systems are used, consisting of a large number of LED lamps with a changeable color of the glow. They also contain power supplies and controllers to control, synchronize and switch lighting fixtures to create different lighting effects and dynamic color changing light shows.

Price overview for spot LED recessed ceiling lights

The range of such lighting equipment on the Russian market is quite extensive, as is the range of prices for it. In today's review, we will look at models of some of the most famous models with characteristics and prices as of March 2018.

brand, model	Housing material	Power, W	Diameter, mm	Cost, rub
Lightstar, 212114	metal/glass	20	90	250
Lightstar, Zocco	metal/plastic	12	174	800
Novotech, Coral	Polyurethane	25	60	550
Lightstar, Monde	Metal	5	55	1 200
Lightstar, Acuto	Metal	3	64	1 100

LED lighting adds charm to the interior of the corridor

Considering the cost of LED lamps, it becomes clear that with such a wide range of prices and product range, anyone can choose the right equipment, regardless of the degree of material well-being.

How to choose your backlight

LED linear lamps are classified into the following types:

• Ceiling external.
• Embedded.
• Sensor diode devices.

All of them are used for ceiling lighting and illuminate the rooms of the house very efficiently and effectively. Let's take a closer look at the points presented.

Ceiling devices have completely different sizes, they can be of any shape. It is possible to install several different devices as one device. You can choose the color of the lamp, as the body is available in many colors, you can also choose with a pattern that suits you.

For stretch ceilings or any suspended structures, special built-in linear luminaires are used. Thanks to them, you can make a unique lighting, and when turned off, they create the look of a holistic dense that will delight you with its unique look.

Installation of linear recessed lighting is quite simple, but when installing it in a stretch ceiling, you should be as careful as possible, since it is very easy to violate the integrity of the surface. It is better to entrust such work to professionals, they will do the job better and faster.

Recently, sensory architectural lighting is gaining more and more popularity. This technology allows you to turn on the light at a time when there is a person in the room.It is very convenient to use touch lamps in the toilet, bathroom, kitchen.

Various kinds of models

Also, sensor devices are often used to illuminate the street, driveways, technical rooms. But the installation of such devices should be entrusted to professionals, since the design and installation process itself is quite time-consuming and complex. Some knowledge in this area is required to produce a quality installation.

Sensory devices also come in a variety of sizes and shapes. There is an opportunity to choose the desired color or pattern. With their help, you can create a unique and harmonious design that will be unforgettable for all your guests and will delight you for many years.

Such a device will work quietly in conditions of high humidity, the degree of protection ip65 will be able to withstand direct moisture.

Manufacturers and price

One of the leading manufacturers is MAXUS, their products are of high quality and they guarantee this by issuing an appropriate warranty for all their devices.

A device with a complete set will cost you a fairly significant amount and will cost from forty dollars. If you take more budget options, you can pick up a device half the price. But then you can regret it, since the quality of cheaper diodes is often very poor and their efficiency decreases significantly over time.

Arrangement tips

Experts advise placing lamps as evenly as possible throughout the room. Then the light will diverge over the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, and less illuminated areas will not appear.If you need to illuminate a small area for which one powerful lamp is enough, it is better to use several low-power ones. Then you will achieve better lighting. Of course, in this case, you will need to overpay.

Linear LED luminaires are one of the best options for high-quality lighting of any room and even the street. With both external and built-in options, you can choose the one that best suits your design. And models with a touch system will make your life easier and make your apartment very comfortable. In addition, such technologies allow you to keep up with the times.

This is interesting: Do-it-yourself solar-powered street lighting - we explain in detail

Operating rules

Linear luminaires are reliable devices, trouble-free operation is ensured by compliance with the rules for their use

It is important to correctly carry out the installation, for this you will need:

• correctly conduct current-carrying wires, check their insulation;
• make sure that the lighting device is securely fixed.

When choosing a device, its technical characteristics and conditions in which operation is expected are taken into account. They must correspond to the degree of its protection from the penetration of moisture and foreign bodies, determined by the IP index.

The higher the IP value, the better the luminaire is protected.

Features of connecting lamps for linear fixtures

As I noted above, in addition to linear lamps, the industry also produces LED linear lamps. They look the same as fluorescent tubes, only inside the flask is not an inert gas with mercury, but LEDs. Devices are designated by marking T8.

They can have different power, length, scattering angle, color temperature. Only the standard G13 base and the normalized (albeit different) length remain unchanged. This is done so that, if necessary, they can be installed in a standard luminaire using T8 fluorescent tubes.

LED (top) and fluorescent linear lamps have the same size and the same base

These lamps are available in several versions:

• with built-in power supply;
• without power supply.

The former can be connected to a conventional 220 V lighting network, for the latter it is necessary to purchase an appropriate power supply unit (PSU).

Lamps without a PSU can be designed for different supply voltages and types of current (DC / AC), so be sure to find out this point when buying this model of illuminator. Otherwise, you can buy the wrong PSU and disable the equipment.

In terms of versatility, linear LED lamps with a built-in AC power supply are of the greatest interest. You can connect them, as I said, directly to the 220 V network. The wiring diagram will look like this:

Scheme for switching on the T8 LED lamp

According to the diagram shown on the left, lamps without a built-in power supply are usually turned on, but some manufacturers of LED lamps can produce devices of this connection with a power supply unit and are rated for 220 V.

Replacing a fluorescent lamp with an LED

For such a replacement in the design of the lamp itself, nothing needs to be redone. The only thing is that the internal wiring diagram will have to be slightly changed - after all, the LDS is turned on through a ballast choke and a starter, which the LED source does not need.Below I give the original lamp circuit (on the left) and already converted to an LED light source with a built-in power supply.

Scheme for replacing LDS with LED with built-in PSU

If at your disposal there was a lamp without a driver, then you will have to buy it, and change the switching circuit somewhat.

Turning on the lamp with an external network power supply

So we found out what linear LED lamps are, what they are and what can be done with them. And if you decide to use linear LED lamps in lighting, then after reading this article you will be able to turn them on without outside help.

The form

Linear LED lighting devices are distinguished by a clear geometry of shapes (most often they are rectangular, x-shaped, oval, etc.). The case of such models is narrow and elongated, although products can be produced in any size and taking into account all the wishes of the buyer. With the help of such LED devices, you can observe lighting in any configuration. This is achieved by fixing several lighting fixtures into a single continuous circuit.

In this case, you do not need to limit your own imagination - you can easily adjust the desired shape of linear lighting products according to your own desires and design. The linear model of illumination can perfectly illuminate huge areas of apartments. And because of their compact body, such linear LED-devices can also be used as illumination of individual niches.

How to choose?

And now let's look at how to choose the right linear fixtures. It is worth noting that all of them are used to design ceiling lighting and effectively fill any room with light.When choosing the desired ceiling device, you will encounter completely different shapes and dimensions of these lighting fixtures. Manufacturing companies do offer a wide range of their products.

It is possible to install several models of a similar design that you like as a single lighting device. Also, you can choose any desired color of the lamp, as the body is produced in a variety of shades. In addition, you can additionally decide on a pattern for the lamp, which will organically fit and fit perfectly into the design of your room.

It should be noted that for tension models of the ceiling covering or any types of suspended structures, special built-in models of linear lighting products are used. With their participation, it is possible to easily embody the most unique lighting, and when turned off, they resemble an elegant, integral canvas that will truly surprise you and continue to delight you with such an inimitable design.

At the present time, architectural lighting with a touch mode is gaining great popularity and demand. Thanks to this technology, it is possible to turn on the lighting directly at the time when someone is in this room. It is very comfortable to use touch models in the kitchen, as well as in the toilet or bathroom.

In addition, sensor devices are very often used in street lighting, modern driveways and technical rooms. However, the installation of these devices should also be handed over to professionals, since the design and installation itself is a rather laborious and complex process.In order to carry out a really high-quality mounting, certain knowledge in this area is necessary.

Sensor devices are also offered by manufacturing companies in a variety of sizes and shapes. You can also choose the desired color or pattern. Thanks to such lighting fixtures, it is easy to embody a stylish and harmonious design of the room. The uniqueness of this design will continue to delight its owner for many years and will definitely not be forgotten by his guests.

When choosing a linear lighting device, it is worth considering the main specifics of the room itself. For the bathroom and toilet, it is optimal to choose products with an IP65 index. This indicator indicates that the case is made from moisture-resistant products and is completely sealed.

Types of overhead LED lamps for indoor lighting

There are two main types of LED devices, depending on the type of their location. Among them are directional (spot) and wall-ceiling LED lamps. Which type to install in a particular case depends on the requirements for lighting. Directional lighting devices will help to delimit the space of the room into light zones, separate the sleeping area, and wall-ceiling, giving more diffused light, will be a good solution for the hallway.

Overhead LED-lamp looks pretty stylish

In shape, they can be round, rectangular or square - here the choice depends on the design of the room. But for a nursery, you can choose an unusual shape (soccer ball, fish or princess castle).However, it should be understood that directional light for a nursery is hardly suitable. Here, a soft and evenly diffused light flux is more acceptable.

And this is a more interesting version in the style of "space"

Advantages and features of linear models

1. Versatility. By choosing the dimensions, power, color temperature or color, you can organize both general or local lighting, as well as highlight a separate area of ​​the room or highlight interior elements.
2. Ability to create shadowless lighting. Unlike spotlights and even chandeliers that create a spot of light, linear fixtures allow you to illuminate the entire room with high quality and evenly.
3. Design. Linear lamps have a peculiar strict design and will fit into any interior.
4. Safety. Unlike fluorescent devices, LEDs do not contain toxic substances and are absolutely safe for humans. No mercury and no harsh UV. LED lamps and lamps do not need to be recycled - as unnecessary, they can be thrown into a regular trash can.
5. Modular design. Most linear luminaires have a modular design. If necessary, such devices can be connected in the right quantity and at any angle, placing the necessary accents in the lighting.

Design and use of modular linear luminaires

Is it possible to add fixtures to an already stretched ceiling

For various reasons, it may turn out that the installed light bulbs are not enough. For example, the calculation was made incorrectly, or an apartment was bought with a ready repair. Then you can add more fixtures to the stretch ceiling.

The first option is to remove the canvas, attach it to the base of the platform and pull the cover back.But dismantling with subsequent installation is possible only for a film ceiling with a harpoon mount. If you invite specialists to work, it will turn out expensive, but with your own hands it will be difficult. In addition, tampering will void the installer's warranty.

But there is another way to embed light bulbs, without the use of mortgages. Only luminaires with a GX53 base are suitable for it, since they are large enough and can be mounted through the cutout for the bulb. The hole should be large enough for the tool to pass through.

First, mark the ceiling in such a way that the placement points of the fixtures are symmetrical with respect to existing fixtures, as well as walls. You will need a pencil and a tape measure.

Then a protective ring is glued and the canvas is cut out inside. The steps are the same as for normal installation.

After that, you need to measure the distance from the base floor to the stretch ceiling (for each hole). In accordance with it, suspensions are made and attached to the lamp body. Springs are not needed with this method. Hangers must be U-shaped, otherwise it will not work to attach to the ceiling.

A wire is passed through the hole for a chandelier or a previously installed lamp. The sharp ends are pre-wrapped with electrical tape so as not to damage the ceiling from the inside. Using terminal blocks, connect the wires of the lamp. The device is inserted into the prepared place and the suspension is attached to the ceiling through the hole in the base. Correct the spot so that it is located exactly relative to the ceiling. The wires are connected to the connected cables from the chandelier.

How to choose?

First of all, in order not to make a mistake in choosing, you need to pay special attention to the technical characteristics of the lighting device and its compatibility with your interior.

In addition, it is important to choose a conscientious manufacturer who cares not only about profit, but also about the high quality of their product. Depending on the purpose, determine the power of LED lamps you need

For example, for a small room, there is no need to buy bright huge lamps, and small lamps will be out of place in large rooms.

Depending on the purpose, determine the power of LED lamps you need. For example, for a small room, there is no need to buy bright huge lamps, and small lamps will be out of place in large rooms.

Features to look out for when buying:

• Opening angle of the light wave. It depends on the area to be illuminated.
• The color scheme of the LED lamp. The shade of lighting that your room will be filled with depends on the color scheme.
• Brightness of light. The strength of the illumination of the space of the room depends on the strength of the luminous flux of the lamps.

In order to make sure the quality of LED lighting technology, many manufacturers turn to specialized laboratories or have them in their production.

Luminaires for stretch suspended ceilings

Spotlights are more suitable if you need to equip additional lighting inside large rooms. The size of the niche for the device will depend on the type of lamp. For fluorescent or halogen lamps, the height of the stretch ceiling should be 8-12 centimeters lower than the main one.In the case of LED lamps, this figure is reduced to 6 cm.

Why are recessed swivel lights popular?

Their use is suitable for creating an accent at a particular place. Designs are popular due to their ability to save space. They are easy to install in a specific location. The only drawback is the increased price.

Mounting Features

According to the installation method, the luminaires are built-in and overhead.

1. Embedded. Under their installation, a special hole is made in the ceiling. Part of the case is hidden behind the ceiling, part of the device remains outside. In some models, only decorative rims protrude. But the models do not change the general essence of the device.
2. Overhead. Suitable for suspended ceilings only. Attached to the main plane, located one level below the surface.

LED spotlights are not as difficult to choose as it seems at first. You need to decide which design is more suitable for a particular room. It is on this basis that there are more models on the market. The greater the protection of products from external factors, the better. It is not recommended to install devices with a lower indicator, the user will only lose from this. When arranging interiors, owners are increasingly abandoning massive chandeliers in favor of multi-component systems, when they put a large number of small LED lamps.

What should be the dimensions of the lamps

Now let's deal with the dimensions. Lighting panels have the following dimensions:

• 17×60 cm;
• 29.5×119.5 cm;
• 30×30 cm.

The most popular models include recessed LED ceiling lights 595 × 595x40. Such a suspension system can form part of the design and is not completely hidden.

The standard configuration of the LED product looks like a circle. Two - three lamps can be combined in one housing. The diameter can vary between 55-85 mm. At the same time, such models do not exceed the level of suspended ceilings. Models of 600 × 600 LED ceiling LED-lamps are popular for residential premises.

Variant of the scheme with dimensions

In addition to size, it is important to consider the type of lamps used, characteristics and functionality. The choice of the diameter of lighting equipment depends on the design features of the room.

If built-in models are selected for illumination, then their size should be minimal. After all, they should be invisible, but give a sufficient amount of lighting.

For installation in a residential area, you can install a cheap Armstrong 600 × 600 LED ceiling lamp model.

The lamp is also selected according to the diameter of the insert. The type of lamps used depends on this factor. In some cases, design features do not allow high-quality installation of overall structures. Another important parameter is the planting depth. If the false ceiling is located at a small distance from the main surface of the ceiling, then it is not recommended to choose a luminaire that is too large.

For a room that is too spacious, miniature spotlights will not work, as they will have to be installed too much. Ceiling lights are also used for installation in recessed niches or for installation in decorative structures.

Consider in advance the location of light sources.This will allow you to calculate their power, the optimal number per room, as well as the variety in diameter and depth.

Distinctive features of LEDs

Light-emitting diode (LED) light sources are gradually taking the place of fluorescent lamps. They have every chance of completely replacing other lighting technologies. Distinctive characteristics are concluded in profitability, features of the device and long service life.

In addition, diodes do not require special disposal measures. In contrast, fluorescent linear lamps, which were previously massively used in enterprises, trade areas and offices, require a specific disposal procedure, since they contain mercury. Whereas with review samples this item of expenditure is leveled.

Many large companies decide towards new models of linear LEDs. At the same time, it is not the complete replacement of lamps that is more popular, but only the change of the lamps themselves.

Led devices provide even and moderately contrasting, high-quality lighting. Such light is considered safe for sight and not fatiguing for the human nervous system. Therefore, it is not surprising that such a high hype for this line of devices in educational institutions.

However, tubular diodes are used not only in the educational and industrial segments, but also in others - to create a lighting composition in residential premises, restaurants, gyms, swimming pools, etc. In some cases, they are used as the main source of illumination, in others - in lighting roles.

Additional possibilities for organizing illumination are also presented - the angle of light can be adjusted by turning the lamp. This rationalizes lighting in areas where there is a need for it.Thanks to this technique, there is additional savings due to the use of fewer lamps.

The body of the LED device, like other structural elements, has an increased resistance to vibrations, due to which a high degree of reliability is achieved.

The LED lamp does not take time to ignite - this process is reproduced instantly, while the maximum level of working brightness is immediately reached. Under the condition of power outages, voltage drops, of course, the ballast of the lighting product may fail.

However, the worst option awaiting the consumer is the replacement of one burned-out device, since each linear device is represented by an individual mechanism with its own electronics.

The overview form factor is two times more economical in comparison with the luminescent counterpart. Operational period is up to 12 years

If the modernization of obsolete fluorescent illuminators is underway, then the most practical solution is to change the lamps. In this case, both the old lamp body with previous cartridges can be used, or a new one can be purchased.

In the first case, it will be necessary to select diodes with full compliance with the previous standard size. Before installation, it is necessary to remove all electromagnetic and electronic ballasts from the circuit or shunt them qualitatively.

Installation

In order for the light to diverge evenly throughout the room, experts in this field recommend placing lamps throughout the area. With this arrangement, the light will not remain in the space of less or more illuminated areas.

The installation of linear fixtures differs depending on their type. For example, overheads are easy to install.You just need to fix the lamp on the ceiling surface using fasteners. Surface preparation and additional materials are not required

Please note that the protection class must necessarily match the application. It should be borne in mind that the LEDs are mounted in a certain sequence according to the scheme.

If one LED from the circuit burns out, then all go out. Luminaires on a parallel mounting scheme are durable and, therefore, more expensive.

If you need to install suspended linear structures to properly illuminate your room, you must adhere to the following rules:

• To fix hanging lamps, it is appropriate to use cables or decorative chains.
• Hanging lamps are appropriate only in rooms with high ceilings.

Linear recessed LED luminaires are the most difficult to install. This is due to the fact that the surface must first be prepared. The linear lamp in this case is installed in a niche. Despite the installation in a niche, the lamp itself protrudes significantly beyond its limits. Recessed luminaires are designed for interiors with stretch ceilings. At the same time, wiring to the lamps will not be difficult.

Corner installation designed mainly for showcase lighting in retail spaces

After all, this type of attachment allows you to focus on the product you offer.

Wiring diagrams for G13 lamps with LEDs

Most Led T8s require 12V or 24V DC to power them, so you can't just plug them in instead of fluorescent ones.

Replacement uses one of two
schemes:

• connection
  to 220 V, having previously removed the starter and ballast;
• connection
  through an electromagnetic control gear built into the luminaire for fluorescent bulbs.

The first option is divided into 2 subspecies:

• if
  the driver is built into the lamp, you can simply insert it;
• if
  the 12V driver is separate, it needs to be installed nearby and connected to the network.

T8 ice with an external driver is most often chosen during a complete reconstruction of the lighting system, when new fixtures for T8 LED lamps with a G13 base are purchased and several light bulbs are connected to one power supply.

Wires can be connected to the handset with
both sides, right or left. This setting must be specified
before the purchase.

How to choose a ceiling lamp?

It is not easy to design a lighting system correctly so that it satisfies all residents. But there are other criteria that make the choice easier.

Design

For most spotlights, the design remains the same, it consists of three elements:

• connecting cable;
• case with clamps;
• base attached to the surface.

Most devices are supplied with a closed case. The simpler the design is characteristic of the model, the better. The following recommendations will be helpful:

1. Rounded models are the best solution in the case of stretch ceilings.
2. Fasteners are often large.
3. It is easy to integrate lamps for halogen lamps into the frame at a close distance from the surface. At the same time, the space loss is 4 cm. Ceramic cartridges and glass diffusers will be a convenient solution.

Cartridge types

There are two large categories of products with the highest demand from customers:

1. Under the threaded body.
2. Under pins.

They produce universal models suitable for almost any type of lamp.Incandescent lamps and devices with stylization for them are often supplied with threaded cartridges. Product markings include the letter E followed by a number. In the case of pin options - “G”-format.

Brightness level

The unit of measure for brightness is lumens. Do not trust the information where the range of this indicator is. If modern light bulbs are of high quality, then their parameter will be 90-120 lm / watt. It is recommended to choose manufacturers with certified production.

Degree of protection

On the marking, the degree of protection is indicated by English capital letters IP. The first digit is for protection against solid particles, the second is moisture protection.

If the number is 0, it means that the product is not protected at all. The larger the number, the higher the level of this characteristic.

best view

There are the following brands, products from which deserve careful consideration:

1. "Nanolight" from Russia.
2. Gauss.
3. Electro standard. From China.
4. Volpe.
5. Uniel.

Savings when buying LED light bulbs are becoming more and more tangible, because many buyers are opting for this product.