Boilers for heating a private house: types, features + how to choose the best one

Selection of a boiler for heating heating equipment

Many visitors to the Tekhnodom online store turn to us with a request to select heating boilers online. We are always ready to help them in this matter, especially since the range of our company includes many different types and models of equipment suitable for literally any purpose.For example, if you need to select a gas boiler according to the parameters, then our consultants will be happy to provide you with all the necessary information. Before you start choosing heating equipment, it is advisable to determine which of its criteria will be the most important for you.

Selection of the boiler according to the parameters (area, power, type of fuel)

Very often, people select a gas boiler for a private house according to the area and volume of the room. This principle works effectively with other types of boilers. With this information, you will be able to determine the optimal capacity of the equipment for your building. It is believed that the ideal performance should be 100 watts per 1 sq. area meter. If you need to select a boiler for a private house, the price of this equipment can also be of considerable importance.

Finally, we advise you to pay attention to the type of fuel - and purchase just such a boiler, the use of which will be the most profitable and less costly for you.

Selection of a gas heating boiler

For many of those who select a gas boiler according to parameters, the cost of this equipment can be very important, but by no means the only factor. In addition, it is worth determining the location of its location - whether it will be wall or floor. An equally significant factor in its volatility, the equipment can be autonomous or it must be connected to the mains. Finally, these models are single-circuit and double-circuit, the former provide only heating, and the latter provide heating and DHW heating. To understand all these subtleties, the employees of the Technodom company will be happy to help you.

Selection of an electric heating boiler

In addition to the selection of a gas boiler for a private house according to the parameters, our customers are also interested in other types of these devices. For example, electric models are very popular. Such boilers must be selected in terms of their power (this is a universal parameter for any models), the type of connection (220V or 380V), the principle of power adjustment (stepped or smooth), as well as the heating method (heater or electrode)

Each of the listed criteria can play a rather important role, therefore, we recommend paying special attention to all of them.

Selection of a solid fuel heating boiler

No less common are solid fuel heating boilers, many visitors to the Tekhnodom online store want to purchase this particular type of product.

When choosing them, we advise you to pay attention to the fuel used by the boiler (coal, firewood, pellets, pyrolysis boilers enjoy considerable success), the method of loading it (automatic or manual), the material of the heat exchanger, the volume of the combustion chamber, energy consumption, etc. We will also be happy to help you choose a double-circuit boiler for an indirect heating boiler.

TOP-5 non-volatile gas boilers

Non-volatile boilers are a good choice for working in remote villages or regions with overloaded and dilapidated electrical networks. They continue to work during a sudden power outage, do not require high costs for repair or replacement of failed components. Consider the most popular models:

Lemax Patriot-12.5 12.5 kW

Single-circuit parapet gas boiler. Equipped with openings in the body that allow heated air to escape.

This makes the boiler itself similar to a convector heating the room without the need for radiators. The boiler power is 12.5 kW, which is suitable for rooms of 125 square meters. m.

Its parameters are:

• type of installation - floor;
• power consumption - independent;
• Efficiency - 87%;
• gas consumption - 0.75 m3/hour;
• dimensions - 595x740x360 mm;
• weight - 50 kg.

Advantages:

• simplicity of design, reliability;
• low fuel consumption;
• easy control;
• low price.

Flaws:

• there is no complete information about the state of the units of the unit. There is only a manometer. indicating gas pressure;
• a traditional chimney must be installed.

Domestic boilers are optimal for Russian climatic and technological conditions. They are unpretentious and reliable, do not require expensive repairs or maintenance.

Lemax Leader-25 25 kW

Convection gas boiler with a power of 25 kW. It is intended for work in rooms up to 250 sq.m. The unit is single-circuit, with a cast-iron heat exchanger and mechanical control.

Its parameters are:

• type of installation - floor;
• power consumption - independent;
• Efficiency - 90%;
• gas consumption - 1.5 m3 / hour;
• dimensions - 515x856x515 mm;
• weight - 115 kg.

Advantages:

• strength, reliability of the structure;
• stability, smooth operation;
• Italian accessories.

Flaws:

• large weight and size;
• some users find the ignition procedure unnecessarily complicated.

Boilers with a cast-iron heat exchanger are characterized by an even mode of operation, the absence of sudden temperature fluctuations.

Lemax Leader-35 35 kW

Another domestic boiler designed for large rooms. With a power of 35 kW, it is able to heat an area of ​​up to 350 square meters, which is suitable for a large house or public space.

Boiler parameters:

• type of installation - floor;
• power consumption - independent;
• Efficiency - 90%;
• gas consumption - 4 m3/hour;
• dimensions - 600x856x520 mm;
• weight - 140 kg.

Advantages:

• high power, the ability to heat a large room;
• stable and efficient work;
• double-circuit boiler, gives heat and hot water at the same time.

Flaws:

• large size and weight, requiring a separate room;
• gas consumption is quite high.

High power boilers are often used to heat several apartments or houses. This reduces the financial burden on homeowners, as the fuel bill is shared equally among all.

MORA-TOP SA 20 G 15 kW

Gas convection boiler made by Czech engineers. The power of the unit is 15 kW, suitable for work in a house with an area of up to 150 sq.m.

Main parameters:

• type of installation - floor;
• power consumption - independent;
• Efficiency - 92%;
• gas consumption - 1.6 m3/hour;
• dimensions - 365x845x525 mm;
• weight - 99 kg.

Advantages:

• independence from the supply of electricity;
• work stability;
• power is suitable for most medium-sized private houses.

Flaws:

• an atmospheric type burner needs a normal chimney and does not allow drafts in the room;
• relatively high price.

Compared to Russian counterparts, European boilers are noticeably more expensive. Users note excessive high cost, as well as interruptions in the supply of spare parts.

Siberia 11 11.6 kW

Domestic single-circuit gas boiler. Suitable for small rooms up to 125 sq.m. This is due to the boiler power of 11.6 kW.

Specifications:

• type of installation - floor;
• power consumption - independent;
• Efficiency - 90%;
• gas consumption - 1.18 m3 / hour;
• dimensions - 280x850x560 mm;
• weight - 52 kg.

Advantages:

• stable work;
• unpretentious, economical boiler. Fuel consumption is noticeably lower than that of analogues from other manufacturers;
• ease of management and maintenance;
• relatively low price.

Flaws:

• the declared indicators are not always achieved, the boiler power is sometimes not enough;
• difficult and inconvenient ignition.

Non-volatile boilers are optimal in Russian conditions. In cold weather, it is too dangerous to remain without heating, so the independence of boilers is highly valued by users.

Gas boiler selection options

Power

To calculate the power, you can proceed from the rule: 1 kW of thermal energy heats a housing area up to 10 m2 - with more accurate calculations, the following are taken into account: ceiling height, number of external walls, window sizes, conjugation with the attic (basement), area of ​​​​residence, wind rose and others factors.

If the device (single-circuit) is also needed for hot water supply (+ indirect heating boiler), the consumption mode is additionally taken into account, as well as the number of collapsible points and residents - this is approximately + 30%. Since the equipment at maximum capacity will not work for a long time, another 20% is added to the obtained value.

Taking into account all the nuances, it is quite realistic that for a house of 120 m2 you will need a 20 kW boiler

Since the equipment at maximum capacity will not work for a long time, another 20% is added to the obtained value. Taking into account all the nuances, it is quite realistic that for a house of 120 m2 you will need a 20 kW boiler.

Design

Based on the design, the devices are:

1. With an open combustion chamber, atmospheric burner, internal air intake, removal of exhaust gases through a vertical chimney;

2.With a closed firebox, turbocharged burner, air supply and exhaust of combustion products through a coaxial horizontal chimney.

Number of systems served

Based on the number of serviced systems, the devices are divided into 1- and 2-circuit.

1. With the help of single-circuit heating is arranged, while you can additionally install an indirect heating boiler and get hot water immediately after opening the tap.

2. Two-control units are more suitable for apartments - they are compact and easy to install, for example, in the kitchen.

Mounting type

According to the type of installation, boilers are wall-mounted and floor-mounted.

1. The first ones have low power and a steel heat exchanger, in addition, they are compact and lightweight, so they fit perfectly into the kitchen set of apartments.

2. The latter are more suitable for private houses with a rather large area. In such dwellings, as a rule, powerful and heavy units with a cast-iron heat exchanger are installed.

Availability of automation

An important role in the operation of the apparatus is played by automation, which controls the operation of all key components. Temperature sensors are installed on the CO and DHW circuits - with their help, the optimal mode of operation is maintained, water and electricity are economically consumed.

Protection system

The protection system is at a high level - it reacts to a power outage, if necessary, extinguishes the flame and shuts off the gas supply. In addition, in the event of a breakdown, error information is displayed.

Calculation of boiler power by area

This is the easiest way to choose a heating boiler by power. When analyzing many ready-made calculations, an average figure was derived: 1 kW of heat is required to heat 10 square meters of area.This pattern is valid for rooms with a ceiling height of 2.5-2.7 m and medium insulation. If your house or apartment fits these parameters, knowing the area of ​​\u200b\u200byour house, you can easily determine the approximate performance of the boiler.

Heat from the house flows in different directions

To make it clearer, we give an example of calculating the power of a heating boiler by area. There is a one-story house 12 * 14 m. We find its area. To do this, we multiply its length and width: 12 m * 14 m = 168 sq.m. According to the method, we divide the area by 10 and get the required number of kilowatts: 168/10 = 16.8 kW. For ease of use, the figure can be rounded off: the required power of the heating boiler is 17 kW.

Accounting for ceiling heights

But in private homes, ceilings can be higher. If the difference is only 10-15 cm, it can be ignored, but if the ceiling height is more than 2.9 m, you will have to recalculate. To do this, it finds a correction factor (by dividing the actual height by the standard 2.6 m) and multiplies the figure found by it.

An example of a correction for ceiling height. The building has a ceiling height of 3.2 meters. It is required to recalculate the power of the heating boiler for these conditions (the parameters of the house are the same as in the first example):

• We calculate the coefficient. 3.2 m / 2.6 m = 1.23.
• We correct the result: 17 kW * 1.23 \u003d 20.91 kW.

• We round up, we get 21 kW required for heating.

As you can see, the difference is quite significant. If it is not taken into account, there is no guarantee that the house will be warm even at average winter temperatures, and there is no need to talk about severe frosts.

Accounting for the region of residence

Another thing to consider is the location.After all, it is clear that much less heat is required in the south than in the Middle Strip, and for those who live in the north, the “Moscow Region” power will obviously be insufficient. To account for the region of residence, there are also coefficients. They are given with a certain range, since within the same zone the climate still changes a lot. If the house is located closer to the southern border, a smaller coefficient is applied, closer to the north - a larger one. It is also worth considering the presence / absence of strong winds and choose a coefficient taking them into account.

• The central strip of Russia is taken as a standard. Here the coefficient is 1-1.1 (closer to the northern border of the region, it is still worth increasing the boiler capacity).
• For Moscow and the Moscow region, the result obtained must be multiplied by 1.2 - 1.5.
• For the northern regions, when calculating the boiler power by area, the figure found is multiplied by 1.5-2.0.

• For the southern part of the region, the reduction coefficients are: 0.7-0.9.

An example of adjustment by zones. Let the house for which we are calculating the power of the boiler be located in the north of the Moscow region. Then the found figure of 21 kW is multiplied by 1.5. Total we get: 21 kW * 1.5 = 31.5 kW.

As you can see, when compared with the original figure obtained when calculating the area (17 kW), obtained as a result of using only two coefficients, it differs significantly. Almost twice. So these parameters must be taken into account.

Power of a double-circuit boiler

Above we talked about calculating the power of the boiler, which works only for heating. If you plan to also heat the water, you need to increase the productivity even more. In calculating the power of the boiler with the possibility of heating water for domestic needs, 20-25% of the reserve is included (multiply by 1.2-1.25).

In order not to have to buy a very powerful boiler, it is necessary to insulate the house as much as possible

Example: we adjust for the possibility of hot water supply. The found figure of 31.5 kW is multiplied by 1.2 and we get 37.8 kW. The difference is solid

Please note that the reserve for water heating is taken after the location is taken into account in the calculations - the water temperature also depends on the location

How to choose the right boiler connection diagram

In order for the house to be warm, it is not enough to know about what heating schemes with a solid fuel boiler are. Masters who have been creating heating systems for more than one year give the following recommendations:

1. When creating a drawing of a heating scheme on a solid fuel boiler, you should first familiarize yourself with the types and principles of operation of such heat generators. It can be a constant or long burning heater, a pyrolysis or pellet unit, a buffer. Each of these devices has its own performance criteria, which for some can become minuses, and for others pluses.

1. To get an ideal heat supply scheme, you need to be able to combine the operation of the boiler with the tank, since this element accumulates thermal energy. This is justified by the fact that the water heating element can change its temperature in the range from 60 to 90 degrees. There is no fixed indicator. Since solid fuel boilers are inert devices, this distinguishes them favorably from gas, diesel and electric counterparts.
2. When choosing a heating scheme, it is necessary to objectively assess the risk of a power outage. If a power outage occurs frequently in an area, then a system with a water pump will not only not pay for itself, but can quickly fail. Therefore, it is better to choose the type of heating with natural circulation.
3. When choosing a harness, it is worth considering in advance the safety lines between the boiler and the tank. They are located at the points of the inlet and outlet pipes so that they are as close as possible to the water heater. Also, to achieve the maximum effect, you need to try to keep the distance between the boiler and the expansion tank to a minimum. But here it is no longer possible to mount safety valves or taps.
4. If a scheme with a pump was chosen, then it is installed on the return pipe, as close as possible to the heat generator. Thus, even if the light is turned off and the pump stops working, the water will continue to move along the circuit, that is, the minimum heat will remain. The device must be installed along the bypass. Only then will it be possible to disconnect it from the network (if necessary), and block the bypass itself with the help of cranes.

1. There is such a thing as a bypass. These are jumpers with taps that are placed between the supply line and the return pipe. Such an arrangement contributes to the return of "excess" hot water when the volume is changed by means of a thermostat.
2. A stainless steel valve must be installed in the chimney. Since there is moisture in the smoke, albeit in small quantities, but it is she who can provoke the destruction of the inside.

Binding is a process that should be given special attention. Therefore, they design and mount it only if there is complete confidence in their abilities. Nikolai Avramenko, 51 years old

Energodar

Nikolay Avramenko, 51 years old, Energodar

After reviewing the article, I would like to make my comment. Here the topic of operational characteristics of solid fuel boilers was touched upon. It was pointed out that they have such a feature as high inertia.I would like to say that this phenomenon is not characteristic of pellet boilers. This is due to the fact that such devices have a burner that receives wood pellets in batches. Therefore, when the supply of raw materials stops, the flame immediately goes out. Although these boilers are not so cheap.

Anton Abramov, 29 years old, Omsk

At one time, I was interested in the work of solid fuel boilers, as they offered a position related to this area. I would like to leave a few words about the thermostat and its regulatory features. You need to understand when a certain temperature is set, for example, at 85 degrees, although the damper is covered, burning and smoldering continue. Because of this, the water still heats up by a couple of degrees, and only then it will be established exactly. Therefore, you should not turn the thermostat back and forth, otherwise, this can lead to a breakdown of the entire system.

Nikita Karpenko, 37 years old, Arkhangelsk

When we built a house outside the city, we planned to live there all year round. It's time that it came to heating, and I settled on a closed-type system with natural circulation. Firstly, it was easy enough for me to create it with my own hands, and secondly, we were already a little limited in money. I didn’t have any particular problems in the installation, but when the first cold came, I realized that there was clearly not enough heat for the house. So at school I was good friends with physics, then I realized that heat was “lost” in areas where the pipes remained open. Taking a roll of mineral wool, I wrapped all the pipes that run in open areas. Literally by the end of the first day, our family felt a significant warming in the rooms. Therefore, these moments must be remembered.

Solid fuel boilers

Despite all the shortcomings, solid fuel boilers for heating a private house are used in most cases. Probably, this is largely due to habit and traditions, but the fact remains that there are more solid fuel boilers in our country than all others.

Solid fuel boilers work mainly on wood and coal

Basically, two types of solid fuels are used for heating - wood and coal. What is easier to get and cheaper to buy, so they basically drown. And boilers - for coal and firewood, you need to use different ones: in wood-burning solid fuel boilers, the loading chamber is made larger - so that more firewood can be laid. In TT coal boilers, the furnace is made smaller in size, but with thicker walls: the combustion temperature is very high.

Pros and cons

The advantages of these units include:

• Inexpensive (relatively) heating.
• Simple and reliable design of boilers.
• There are non-volatile models that work without electricity.

Serious disadvantages:

• Cyclic operation. The house is either hot or cold. To level this shortcoming, a heat accumulator is installed in the system - a large container with water. It stores heat during the active combustion phase, and then, when the fuel load burns out, the stored heat is spent to maintain a normal temperature.

• The need for regular maintenance. Firewood and coal must be laid, kindled, then the intensity of combustion must be regulated. After burning out, the firebox must be cleaned and the process restarted. Very troublesome.

• Inability to leave the house for a long time.Due to the cyclical operation, the presence of a person is necessary: ​​fuel must be thrown up, otherwise the system may freeze during prolonged downtime.
• The process of loading fuel and cleaning the boiler is a rather dirty task. When choosing an installation site, this should be taken into account: the boiler should be placed as close as possible to the front door so as not to carry dirt through the entire room.

Generally speaking, the use of a solid fuel boiler for heating a private house is an inconvenient solution. Although the purchase of fuel, as a rule, is relatively inexpensive, but if you calculate the time spent, it is not so cheap.

Long burning boilers

Long-burning boilers were developed to increase the interval between fuel fillings. They use two technologies:

• Pyrolysis. Pyrolysis solid fuel boilers have two or three combustion chambers. The fuel filling in them burns with a lack of oxygen. In this mode, a large amount of flue gases are formed, most of which are combustible. Moreover, when burning, they emit much more heat than firewood or the same coal. These gases enter the second chamber, where air is supplied through special openings. Mixing with it, combustible gases ignite, releasing an additional portion of heat.

• Top burning mode. In traditional solid fuel boilers, fire spreads from bottom to top. Because of this, most of the bookmark burns, the fuel burns out quickly. During active combustion, the system and the house often overheat, which is very uncomfortable. When using top burning, the fire is kindled only in the upper part of the bookmark. At the same time, only a small part of the firewood burns, which evens out the thermal regime and increases the burning time of the bookmark.

How effective are these technologies? Pretty effective. Depending on the design, one bookmark of firewood can burn from 6-8 to 24 hours, and coal - from 10-12 hours to several days. But to obtain such a result, it is necessary to use high quality fuel. Both firewood and coal must be dry. This is the main requirement. When using wet fuel, the boiler may not even enter the smoldering mode, that is, it will not start heating. If you have a woodcutter with a two to three year supply of firewood or a large shed that stores coal, a long-burning boiler for heating a private house is a good choice. Better than normal.

The best floor units

Consider single-circuit units of large and medium dimensions, which have no restrictions on functionality. They are installed on the floor and most often require a separate installation room.

Bosch GAZ 2500 F

4.9

★★★★★
editorial score

89%
buyers recommend this product

See review

This is the first gas-fired floor-mounted boiler designed by Russian engineers at Bosch specifically for use by our compatriots. The unit is able to work with unstable voltage in the network and low gas pressure. On the stands, the GAZ 2500 proved that it can function without serious breakdowns for 20 years. Partly thanks to the heat exchanger made of steel 3 mm thick.

The series includes 4 models with power from 22 to 42 kW. But despite the domestic assembly, they cannot be called cheap. But these boilers can be connected to an external indirect heating boiler (optional). Yes, and the capabilities of built-in automation explain the rather big cost.

Advantages:

• Large capacity heat exchanger;
• Flexible power change within 60-100%;
• Fully automated control;
• Preset modes that do not require configuration;
• The presence of a remote control;
• Temperature change according to the schedule;
• Possibility to reconfigure the boiler for bottled gas.

Flaws:

High price.

Bosch GAZ really has no problems adapting to our operating conditions. All critical elements are made specifically for Russia, have a good margin of safety and reliability.

Protherm Bear 40 KLOM

4.8

★★★★★
editorial score

88%
buyers recommend this product

A reliable and efficient boiler with a cast-iron heat exchanger is an excellent solution for a private house, without restrictions on the dimensions of the boiler room. The thermal power of this model is 35 kW at a maximum gas flow of 4.1 m3/h. A cast-iron heat exchanger is installed inside - almost eternal with proper operation.

The electronic filling is all imported, protection and control automation are already included in the kit. Operational data is displayed on the LCD display, on which you can track both the temperature of the carrier and the pressure in the system.

Advantages:

• The service life of the heat exchanger is 25 years;
• Full set of automation included;
• Ease of maintenance;
• Ability to connect to LNG cylinders;
• Relatively small dimensions.

Flaws:

Thin metal of the outer lining of the case (does not affect the quality of work).

If aesthetics and appearance are not a priority for you, the "Bear" is perfect. The reliability of the boiler is at its best, the equipment is like that of top models, and the price is the most affordable among imported analogues.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Video #1 How to choose the right gas boiler:

Video #2 How to select a gas-type heater, based on the declared power:

Video #3 Which floor boiler is best for a cottage:

It is essentially impossible to give unequivocal advice which gas boiler is better to buy. The heater for hot water supply and the heating system for each particular dwelling must be selected individually. And this should be done only on the basis of the calculations of a competent heat engineer, taking into account all the nuances.

There are a lot of criteria and subtleties in choosing a boiler. Before you go to the store, you should carefully study everything, but it is better to consult with a specialist in this field.

Do you want to share useful tips in selecting and buying a gas boiler? Do you have your own thoughts and experience in operating the unit? Did you find any flaws in the submitted material? Please write comments in the block below the text. Communication will help to quickly clarify difficult points.