Collector heating system: wiring diagrams for private houses and apartments

Types of forced circulation of heat carrier in heating

The use of forced circulation heating schemes in two-story houses is used due to the length of the system lines (more than 30 m). This method is carried out using a circulation pump that pumps the liquid of the circuit. It is mounted at the inlet to the heater, where the coolant temperature is the lowest.

With a closed circuit, the degree of pressure that the pump develops does not depend on the number of storeys and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building. The speed of the water flow becomes greater, therefore, when passing through the pipeline lines, the coolant does not cool down much. This contributes to a more even distribution of heat throughout the system and the use of the heat generator in a sparing mode.

The expansion tank can be located not only at the highest point of the system, but also near the boiler.To perfect the scheme, the designers introduced an accelerating collector into it. Now, if there is a power outage and the subsequent stop of the pump, the system will continue to work in convection mode.

• with one pipe
• two;
• collector.

Each can be mounted by yourself or invite specialists.

Variant of the scheme with one pipe

Shutoff valves are also mounted at the battery inlet, which serves to regulate the temperature in the room, as well as necessary when replacing equipment. An air bleed valve is installed on top of the radiator.

Battery valve

To increase the uniformity of heat distribution, radiators are installed along the bypass line. If you do not use this scheme, then you will need to select batteries of different capacities, taking into account the loss of heat carrier, that is, the farther from the boiler, the more sections.

The use of shut-off valves is optional, but without it, the maneuverability of the entire heating system is reduced. If necessary, you will not be able to disconnect the second or first floor from the network to save fuel.

To get away from the uneven distribution of the heat carrier, schemes with two pipes are used.

• dead end;
• passing;
• collector.

Options for dead-end and passing schemes

The associated option makes it easy to control the level of heat, but it is necessary to increase the length of the pipeline.

The collector circuit is recognized as the most effective, which allows you to bring a separate pipe to each radiator. Heat is distributed evenly. There is one minus - the high cost of equipment, as the amount of consumables increases.

Scheme of collector horizontal heating

There are also vertical options for supplying heat carrier, which are found with the lower and upper wiring. In the first case, the drain with the supply of a heat carrier passes through the floors, in the second, the riser goes up from the boiler to the attic, where pipes are routed to the heating elements.

Vertical layout

Two-story houses can have a very different area, ranging from a few tens to hundreds of square meters. They also differ in the location of the rooms, the presence of outbuildings and heated verandas, the position to the cardinal points. Focusing on these and many other factors, you should decide on the natural or forced circulation of the coolant.

A simple scheme of coolant circulation in a private house with a natural circulation heating system.

Heating schemes with natural circulation of the coolant are distinguished by their simplicity. Here, the coolant moves through the pipes on its own, without the help of a circulation pump - under the influence of heat, it rises up, enters the pipes, is distributed over the radiators, cools down and enters the return pipe to go back to the boiler. That is, the coolant moves by gravity, obeying the laws of physics.

Scheme of a closed two-pipe heating system of a two-story house with forced circulation

• More uniform heating of the entire household;
• Significantly longer horizontal sections (depending on the power of the pump used, it can reach several hundred meters);
• Possibility of more efficient connection of radiators (for example, diagonally);
• Possibility of mounting additional fittings and bends without the risk of pressure drop below the minimum limit.

Thus, in modern two-story houses, it is best to use heating systems with forced circulation. It is also possible to install a bypass, which will help you choose between forced or natural circulation in order to select the most optimal option. We make a choice towards coercive systems, as more effective.

Forced circulation has a couple of disadvantages - this is the need to purchase a circulation pump and the increased noise level associated with its operation.

Making a collector with your own hands

If you have the necessary skills and a sufficient set of equipment, the collector group for heating can be assembled independently. It is convenient to make it from a square tube. To do this, two pieces of the required length are cut off, then a round metal pipe is cut, marking is made and corresponding holes are cut in the main pipes. Then the structure is assembled, and the joints are welded by welding. After assembly, the seams are cleaned and the product is painted.

An example of a homemade knot.

The assembly made in the home workshop must be checked for strength and tightness under increased pressure before connection. After testing, you can start the mounted circuit into operation. But a large number of detachable connections significantly increases the risk of leaks, so it is better to give preference to industrial serial samples.

Types of collector nodes

Before considering the types of combs, we will indicate how they can be used in water heating systems for private houses and apartments:

• distribution and regulation of water temperature in the contours of underfloor heating, abbreviated as TP;
• distribution of coolant to radiators according to the beam (collector) scheme;
• overall heat distribution in a large residential building with a complex heat supply system.

In the suburban cottages with branched heating the group includes the so-called hydraulic arrow (otherwise - a thermo-hydraulic separator). In fact, this is a vertical collector with 6 outlets: 2 - from the boiler, two - to the comb, one top to remove air, water is discharged from the bottom.

Now about the types of distribution combs:

1. To limit the water temperature, regulate the flow and balance the contours of the warm floor, special collector blocks made of brass, stainless steel or plastic are used. The size of the connecting hole of the main heating main (at the end of the pipe) is ¾ or 1 inch (DN 20-25), branches - ½ or ¾, respectively (DN 15-20).
2. In radiator beam schemes, the same combs of floor heating systems are used, but with reduced functionality. We will explain the difference below.
3. Large-sized steel collectors are used for the general house distribution of the heat carrier, the connection diameter is over 1” (DN 25).

Factory collector groups are not cheap. For the sake of economy, homeowners often use combs soldered with their own hand made of polypropylene, or take cheap distributors for water systems. Next, we will indicate the problems associated with the installation of homemade and plumbing collectors.

Beam wiring of the heating system: elements and features

Such a heating system as radiant is ideal for multi-storey buildings that have many apartments. This heating system reduces energy consumption and increases the efficiency of the heater.The principle of operation of such a system is very simple, but has some features. For example, if there are only a few floors in the house, then the collector must be installed on all floors, in addition, you need to take into account that there is an option to install several collectors at once, and the collector itself already comes from them. heating system piping.

We also note that this system will be effective only if the house has good insulation and does not have a large heat loss. If the house is insulated inside and out, then there will be no problems with the efficiency of radiant heating. And if, on the contrary, the house is not insulated on either side, then all the heat received will be distributed only to window panels, floors and walls. The radiant system has a complex design, which includes basic and additional elements, they are necessary for the implementation of a high-quality heating system.

The main components are 4 elements:

One of the main elements is considered to be a boiler

From it, heat is supplied through the heating system and radiators.
An equally important part of such a system is the pump. It circulates the coolant through the heating system and creates pressure in it. Such a pump maintains a comfortable temperature in the room and guarantees the efficiency of the entire system.
The comb, popularly the collector, is also the main part in the radiant heating system

This component of radiant heating, which evenly distributes the heat supply throughout the house.
A closet is a place where all the wiring elements are hidden. A collector is installed in such a cabinet, pipes and fittings are hidden. It has a very simple design, but despite this, it is very functional and practical.It can be located both outside and inside the walls.

Such a pump maintains a comfortable temperature in the room and guarantees the efficiency of the entire system.
The comb, popularly the collector, is also the main part in the radiant heating system. This component of radiant heating, which evenly distributes the heat supply throughout the house.
A closet is a place where all the wiring elements are hidden. A collector is installed in such a cabinet, pipes and fittings are hidden. It has a very simple design, but despite this, it is very functional and practical. It can be located both outside and inside the walls.

Each of the components plays a specific role. The absence of one of them makes the heating process impossible.

In the case of comparing the radiant system with conventional systems that are known to everyone today, the radiant system has several times more advantages than the old generation heating systems.

Main advantages:

• Such a system is not visible, and all components and pipes are hidden and do not spoil the interior of the room;
• It has no connections between the heating boiler and the collector, which means that it has no weak points;
• Installation of the heating system can be done on your own, and this saves money and at the same time the quality of the work performed is optimal;
• The system works stably and this is what eliminates water hammer and failure of the heating system;
• If it is necessary to repair any part of the system, there is no need to turn off the entire system, since the repair of such a system is not difficult and does not require structural destruction or complex installation sites;
• Affordable pricing and easy installation.

There is also one major drawback. Such a disadvantage is that the systems of this heating have an individual design, mainly this detail concerns their own houses. Because of this, the cost may increase or decrease. And also, not everyone can cope with the installation and configuration, such a system, such people will have to turn to specialists and, of course, they will have to pay for it.

It is not advisable to install such a heating system in one-story private houses that have less than three rooms.

Choosing the right scheme

After getting acquainted with the heating systems used in two-story houses, it's time to return to your draft project, where the types of radiators and the boiler are selected, the arrangement of this equipment is determined and the wishes are listed. Next, select the scheme in accordance with the recommendations:

1. With frequent power outages, the choice is small - you need a gravity system. If the house is heated with a brick stove, it is worth using it as a heat source and not buying a boiler.
2. If you still don’t understand what you want, feel free to assemble a closed-type two-pipe dead-end circuit. It is easy to adapt to different conditions and equipment. Subsequently, install a solid fuel, gas or electric boiler - there is no difference, the heating will work.
3. With increased requirements for interior design, take on the collector wiring. In order not to be mistaken with the dimensions of the pipes, pull the diameter of 32 mm to the comb, and make connections to the batteries Ø16 x 2 mm (outer).
4. Warm floors are arranged subject to the availability of funds and desire. It is better to combine them with any system, except for the gravitational one.

In a small country house on 2 floors, it is worth making a single-pipe system from PPR pipes. With 3-4 batteries on each branch, it will work flawlessly. We do not recommend using Leningradka in a large cottage. For more information on choosing a wiring, see the video from an expert:

The composition of the collector heating system

At the first stage, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the principle of designing autonomous heat supply. The simplest collector heating scheme consists of a single distribution unit, to which the individual pipelines of the system are connected.

The composition includes standard components - a boiler, a circulation pump, an expansion tank and a safety group. The collector unit is installed directly next to the boiler and consists of two elements:

• Input
  . It is connected to the supply pipe from the heating device and distributes the hot coolant along the circuits;
• Day off
  . Return pipes from separate highways lead to it. It is necessary to collect the cooled water and send it to the boiler for further heating.

Complex collector groups for heating are equipped with devices for regulating the volume of coolant supply - thermal heads (inlet) and mechanical stops at the outlet.

This principle is applied to the organization of heat supply one-story private house, where the power of the circulation pump will be sufficient to ensure normal pressure in the pipes. For a two-story building, two collector groups for heating can be installed. One of them will be intended for distribution to separate circuits, and the second serves as the main component of a warm water floor.

For such a scheme, it is necessary to calculate the parameters of each circuit.Most often, it becomes necessary to install the following additional components:

• Circulation pumps for each circuit;
• Mixing node. Required to control the temperature of the coolant in the collector. The channel connects the direct and return pipes and with the help of a control device (two or three-way valve) flows are mixed with different degrees of heating.

The traditional collector heating scheme of a two-story house includes distribution nodes on the first and second levels. But it all depends on the total area of ​​​​the premises and, as a result, on the length of individual highways.

You also need to take into account heat transfer and optimal thermal conditions in each room.

All collectors located in residential premises must be installed in special closed boxes.

Connecting radiators

The choice of how to connect them depends on their total number, method of laying, length of pipelines, etc. The most common methods are:

• diagonal (cross) method: the straight pipe is connected to the side of the battery at the top, and the return pipe is connected to its opposite side below; this method allows the heat carrier to be distributed over all sections as evenly as possible with minimal heat loss; used with a significant number of sections;

• unilateral: also used with a large number of sections, a pipe with hot water (straight pipe) and a return pipe are connected on one side, which ensures sufficient uniform heating of the radiator;

• saddle: if the pipes go under the floor, it is most convenient to attach the pipes to the lower pipes of the battery; due to the minimum number of visible pipelines, it looks attractive outwardly, however, the radiators heat up unevenly;

• bottom: the method is similar to the previous one, the only difference is that the straight pipe and the return pipe are located almost at the same point.

To protect against the penetration of cold and create a thermal curtain, the batteries are located under the windows. In this case, the distance to the floor should be 10 cm, from the wall - 3-5 cm.

Advantages of a collector scheme for distributing water pipes in an apartment

In apartments, most often simple wiring of water pipes is performed. There is a pipe coming from the riser. Further, with the help of tees, branches to plumbing fixtures go from it. At the same time, few people know about another type of piping - manifold. And in vain, because such a system has a number of advantages that need to be discussed.

But first you need to talk about the types of wiring that exist in plumbing today. The first type is a tee wiring. In such a system, all consumers are connected from one pipe using tees. It is possible to install shut-off valves in front of each consumer in case of an accident.

Collector wiring. This system has clear advantages over the tee system. A shut-off valve is installed at the entrance of the water supply to the apartment. The difference is that each device has a separate pipe. In this case, all the valves are concentrated in one place.

Sometimes you can find a mixed system. This means that it contains elements of a tee wiring and a collector.For example, water can be supplied to the washbasin and bathtub from the collector (that is, a separate pipe for each consumer), and the toilet bowl and bidet are connected with a tee wiring.

Schemes with different coolant supply to radiators

Depending on the position of the risers for supplying water to the batteries, vertical and horizontal wiring is distinguished. In private one-story houses, a horizontal wiring diagram is used. During installation, water supply and drainage pipes can be successfully entered into the interior, hidden in niches or under the floor.

The flow of hot and chilled water in the heating system of a private house can be mounted using one or two pipes. Each option has nuances of the type of wiring, pluses and minuses.

Single pipe scheme

This is an easier and cheaper option to install. The heating system with one pipe is a ring with installed radiators. Warm water moves around the perimeter, eventually returning to the boiler. The coolant gives off several degrees of heat to each radiator. This means that the farther the heater is located from the boiler, the lower the water temperature and the ability to heat the room. You can increase the water heating. This will require more fuel. Installing a circulation pump will help move the water at a higher speed and evenly distribute heat. The best solution for such a scheme would be to increase the number of sections of the last batteries in the line.

Radiators are usually connected through a bypass (bypass pipe), which will allow you to turn off any of them without stopping the movement of the coolant. The system does not provide for the installation of fittings and taps, which minimizes the risk of accidents.

Benefits of the scheme:

• minimizing the perimeter of pipes;
• savings on system elements;
• speed, ease of installation.

Two-pipe scheme

Heating installation in a private house using two pipes works more efficiently. With such a scheme, each radiator has a separate coolant supply from the heat main, but at the same time, the heat main, as in the previous case, is the same for the entire system. The difference is that radiators are included in the systems in parallel, and not in series.

The system has only one reverse current line - a separate pipe leaves each battery to remove the coolant.

We offer you to watch a detailed video about the nuances of installing a two-pipe heating system in a house:

Radiation system

The collector beam system provides for the installation of a collector through which the coolant is distributed throughout the system. Each heating battery has its own pipes for supplying heat carrier and its removal directly from the boiler. Each circuit is cut off by shutoff valves. This makes the system easier to use and repair. Without turning off the entire system, you can repair a separate circuit or radiator.

Of the minuses - significant costs for materials. You will need shutoff valves, pipes, adjustment devices, control sensors.

The beam circuit with a distributor works with good pressure in the pipe created by the circulation pump.

The collector evenly distributes the coolant flow. The device consists of two combs. One receives hot water from the boiler. Another comb collects the chilled water and sends it back to the boiler. How to calculate heating in a private house with such a scheme?

Calculation of parameters, drafting, power regulation during use is facilitated by connecting radiators in parallel. This ensures a minimum difference in water temperature around the perimeter of the circuit. The system is controlled from one place with installed indicators, taps, pumps and valves.

The installation of the beam system is the most expensive in terms of the total cost of the components, it requires a certain qualification. It is necessary to draw up a project and install heating according to the beam scheme during construction or general repairs. This is due to the fact that the pipes are mounted in the floor screed.