What diameter fittings are needed to connect the water storage tanks?

Possible piping options

The water supply scheme of the house is designed with two central pipelines. Usually they are installed at a remote distance from each other. In this case, one pipe is mounted near the system, and the second is carried out in the corner between the wall and the ceiling, or in the floor screed. When choosing option 1, communications can be closed with a decorative box made of plasterboard (gypsum plasterboard).In the second case, a strobe is made in the screed, preferably near the wall, the pipe is routed with one-piece fittings, a protective casing is installed on it and the entire line is hidden under the cement-sand mortar.

Installation steps

The storage tank is installed only on a specially prepared site. It can be a welded frame or a concrete reinforced structure. They must support the weight of a fully filled tank. If the installation of the tank will be carried out in the attic, such work must be taken into account at the design stage of the cottage, otherwise the load-bearing walls may not withstand the mass of the water tank.

Once the container is installed, you need to connect the inlet and outlet pipes to it. The first can have any section, since the liquid is supplied under pressure. For the outlet pipe, it is better to take a hose with a size (diameter) 1.5-2 times larger than the line clearance.

The connection diagram provides for the presence of an unpressurized type of float switch in the tank. Here, a check valve must be installed at the inlet, which will prevent the outflow of liquid into the source. A shut-off valve is placed in front of it.

When installing the container, be sure to take care of its insulation. In the ground, this can be done using expanded clay sprinkling. For the upper installation of the tank, it is desirable to have a warm attic or wrap the tank with heat-insulating materials. You also need to properly insulate the pipeline.

In what cases will the storage tank help out

It is not enough for a modern person to simply have water in the house. It is necessary that it flow from the tap, and with good pressure for the normal operation of water folding devices.And in some cases, only a storage tank for water supply, built into the system, can provide such work.

What are these cases:

When there are no sources of water supply on or near the site, and their device is impossible. In such a situation, only water supply is possible with a storage tank, which is periodically filled from a tank truck.

Scheme of water supply with imported water

When the house has centralized water supply from a city or village network, but water is supplied with frequent interruptions or according to a certain schedule.

With frequent shutdowns, water supply from storage tanks will help out

When you have your own well or well, but they have a low flow rate and cannot meet your needs at any time, because the water in them disappears during a long continuous intake.

Water supply scheme from a well with insufficient flow rate

When there are frequent power outages, without which no pump can work.

In this case, there is only one way out: a gravity water supply system from a storage tank installed on a hill

In any of these situations, the stock of water accumulated in the tank earlier will allow you not to experience discomfort from its absence from several hours to several days. It depends on the volume of capacity, the number of users and the usual consumption.

Storage tank volume

When calculating the volume of storage capacity, two factors are taken into account:

1. Water consumption in the house or on the site: everyone's water consumption is different, so it is impossible to recommend anything unequivocally in this case. For an approximate calculation, you can use the average data.So, in a house with all amenities (except for a kitchen sink, a toilet and a bathroom, a dishwasher and a washing machine are taken into account), approximately 170 - 200 liters of water are consumed per person per day. With a more modest mode - only for washing, drinking and cooking (for example, in a country house) - the needs are reduced to 60 - 80 l / day per person.
2. “Schedule of work” and the productivity of the water supply source: no matter how we consider our needs, at least two hundred, at least three hundred liters per person - a lot depends on how much water comes from the source. There is no reason to drag a cubic container into the attic if no more than 500 liters can be pumped into it per day. You can do without a large tank even if interruptions in water supply are of a short-term nature and a significant proportion of water needs are covered directly, without the “services” of the storage tank.

Often the storage tank is confused with the hydraulic accumulator of pumping stations (NS). This is not entirely correct. Both devices perform a similar function, but the volume of the NS hydraulic accumulator, which has a rubber pear or membrane inside, is no more than 100 liters (most often 25 - 50 liters).
It is needed only to prevent frequent switching on of the pump, and cannot compensate for long interruptions in water supply.

Tips for beginner distillers

How to insulate the cube of the moonshine still

If it is necessary to improve the thermal insulation of an electric or induction hob, then the choice of good polymeric materials is quite wide, for example, penofol or another foil analogue. A sheet with a thickness of about 5 mm is suitable, the main thing is that the maximum operating temperature exceeds 100 C degrees with a margin of at least 20 degrees, but more is better.

If the cube is insulated for a moonshine still heated by a gas burner, then a more heat-resistant material is needed. A good option is felt as a heat insulator, this material holds heat well, but direct flames or rising hot air will not withstand. To this end, it should be covered on top with a fire-resistant material containing asbestos or other fire-resistant material.

Important! When using foil polymers on a gas stove, even if direct contact with fire is eliminated, ascending hot air flowing along the walls of the tank will still lead to its deterioration, and possibly smoldering or melting

How much mash should be poured into a 20-liter cube

When distilling standard sugar mash, the distillation cube is filled with a maximum of 3/4, or 75%, which in absolute terms corresponds to 15 liters. This is due to the property of a liquid to expand when heated. As a result, if you fill the tank more, the mash can go through the tube further down the system, and if it gets into the distillate, this will spoil it. If “fruit mash” or grain is used, then the distillation cube should not be filled by more than 50-70%, that is, 10-14 liters.

What should be the temperature in the cube when distilling mash

The temperature of the liquid in the cube, C	Alcohol content in cube, %	Alcohol content in selection, %
88	21.9	68.9
89	19.1	66.7
90	16.5	64.1
91	14.3	61.3
92	12.2	59.7
93	10.2	53.6
94	8.5	49.0
95	6.9	43.6
96	5.3	36.8
97	3.9	29.5
98	2.5	20.7
99	1.2	10.8
100	00	00

Alcohol and water evaporate faster than fusel oils and impurities, and the more liquid leaves the mash, the more dry residue remains and substances that evaporate more slowly, and therefore the temperature of the distillation cube must be increased.

A newly minted distiller has a lot of questions related to both the “moonshine still device”, its assembly and connection, and how to properly distill moonshine. These topics are quite extensive and require detailed familiarization.

Scheme of water supply at home with a storage tank

The presented scheme is easily integrated into existing piping, both in water supply with one central pipeline, and with several. Its compactness is due to the use of free space above the tank, in which the pumping station is suspended on brackets.

Picture 1.

Figure 1 shows the water supply scheme of a private house with two central pipelines, consisting of:

• 1 - tank for 500 liters;
• 2 - pump;
• 3 - receiver (membrane tank);
• 4 - pressure switch;
• 5 - bronze five-pointed adapter;
• 6, 17 - manometer;
• 7 - hose with reinforcing braid;
• 8 - check valve;
• 9 - float valve;
• 10 - American women with external thread;
• 11 - American women with internal thread;
• 12 - bronze transition from the container to the external thread;
• 13, 14 - MRN (coupling outer thread);
• 15 - MRV (coupling internal thread);
• 16 - bronze transition from external to internal thread;
• 18 - flow meter;
• 19 - mesh filter;
• 20 - 26 shutoff valves.

Suction discharge and distribution line is made of polypropylene pipeline and transitions with diameters of 32 mm (suction) and 20 mm.

Features of silicone hoses

Silicone hoses are adapted for supplying and discharging water to the moonshine still. Gained distribution for a conclusion of a finished product in the prepared capacity. Silicone does not react chemically with alcohol.

It is worth noting that silicone hoses are capable of performing functions at temperatures from -55 to 250 degrees. When frost does not lose elasticity and does not break. An additional advantage can be considered the ability to withstand pressure up to two atmospheres.

How to choose silicone tubes

When choosing silicone hoses, carefully inspect the product. Silicone is a transparent material with a whitish color. Stretches well. It is not subject to burning and does not smoke black. High heat may produce white ash.

How to connect a pumping station

The very process of connecting the pumping station to the tank is as follows:

The pumping station is installed near the tank, on a pre-prepared floor base

It is very important that the pump stands firmly on the surface and does not fidget on it.

1. Then the prepared fittings are sealed according to the following arrangement:

a) Ball valves should cut off the flow of water to the pumping station, both from the tank and from the water supply system, in case the pumping station is repaired;

b) After the ball valve, which is installed at the inlet of the pumping station, there must be a check valve. Almost all modern models of pumping stations, such as Grundfos, already have check valves;

c) On one side of the ball valve and check valve, the MPH or MRV threads are sealed, which will ensure the transition of the pipeline from metal to plastic.

After all fittings and connections are assembled, the pumping station is checked for leaks. If everything is fine, then you can start connecting the automation of the pumping station, for which a three-core copper wire is inserted into it and connected to the corresponding terminals inside.

It is important that before starting the pumping station for the first time, it is imperative to expel air from the centrifugal pump. To do this, it is enough to fill the pumping station with water.

For this purpose, a special fitting, bolt or something else is located on it to bleed air. As soon as water comes out of the hole, you can screw the plug back and check how the pumping station works.

Advantages and disadvantages of storage tanks

Of the positive aspects of autonomous communication, there are:

• a constant supply of water at home, even if the performance of the well / well leaves much to be desired;
• optimal pressure in the system and fluid supply to taps with normal pressure;
• the ability not to depend on the cyclical operation of public utilities (water utilities, power grids).

Of the minuses note:

• the complexity of installing the tank;
• the need for regular washing;
• rapid siltation of a leaky storage tank;
• the possibility of the formation of an unpleasant odor of stagnant water with an incorrectly selected tank volume;
• additional power consumption during pump operation;
• the need to insulate the soil above the tank.

Where is it used?

The fitting allows anyone to make a reliable and simple mount. The element allows you to connect any part to a pipeline or container. Fittings are necessary in a system that involves the transfer of gas or any liquid. The five-pin element also serves as an adapter.It is almost indispensable if you need to fix a valve, branch, sleeve or a simple faucet.

In the sewerage and water supply systems, galvanized fittings are more common. The same elements are needed for the gas supply device. When creating machines, when washing and maintaining them, fittings for 5 outlets will also be required. Even to implement a paint supply system, you will have to take such an element.

When connecting various equipment, you need to get a five-pin fitting. So, the standard type is suitable for a hydraulic accumulator and a pump. They are used in the system of autonomous water supply from the well. A tap can also be connected to the fitting for easy control.

When installing pipes, fasteners are more often used by professionals. However, the fitting is also used in everyday life. You will need it even when collecting a conventional shower head. A branch pipe of this type will allow you to combine a flexible hose with the rest of the system with minimal effort. You can also use a fitting to connect household appliances to water supply and sewerage.

The presence of 5 outlets makes it possible to immediately install a tap or valve. Plastic models of fittings of this type are rare. However, they can still be used to organize a complex irrigation system. Stainless steel parts will work too. Even when arranging a garden in the country, a fitting will be useful.

Tank automation and cleaning

These aspects must be taken into account when installing the tank. If water is supplied with normal pressure and a certain frequency, then the issue can be quite simply solved by mounting a float valve for the toilet on the supply fitting. When filling the container, it will shut off the flow, and the water will not overflow.

If water is taken from a shallow well or a poorly filled well, then a drainage pump equipped with a float switch must be used to supply it. When the water level in the well drops to a critical level, the pump will automatically turn off.

If the storage tank for water supply gives off water through the pump, then a float switch or other switch inside the tank itself will be required. When the water level drops to a minimum, the pump will turn off. You can duplicate it with a water level, which is useful when using a washing machine to make sure that it has enough water to wash it.

How to choose the right

Since both silicone and stainless steel have many subspecies, it is not enough just to know the name of the material. In addition, the hoses must comply with the parameters of the moonshine still. Therefore, when choosing a product, it is worth adhering to a number of criteria that are of paramount importance:

• Marking. You can use only food varieties, but they are also divided into several categories, so you should check with the seller whether the selected species is resistant to ethanol and elevated temperatures.
• Inner diameter. Although pipes and hoses are sold in terms of outer diameter, it is the inner diameter that must match the capacity of the system. Too narrow will lead to increased pressure, as a result, the distillate will deteriorate, if it is too low, the unit will also work poorly, in a “semi-idle” mode.
• Wall thickness.The service life of hoses depends on it, you should not take too thin ones - they will become unusable faster, but there is no need to overpay for thick ones, the range from 1.5 to 2 mm is the most popular.
• Total length. It is better to take with a small margin, especially if it is planned to mount threaded connections with a union nut on the ends.

Modern polymeric materials are distinguished by a huge assortment and make it possible to equip the moonshine still with both steam and water pipes. for moderate money.

But do not lose vigilance, only "food" varieties can be used in contact with alcohol-containing substances.

Almost all of the suitable materials are modifications of silicone, but if you want more reliability and durability, you can always fork out and equip the unit with food grade stainless steel tubes.

Launching the water supply system of a private house

A prerequisite for the operability of the system before the first start-up of the pump, in cases of complete emptying of the tank, is the presence of water in the turbine chamber and the suction line. If this requirement is not met, the liquid will not enter the point of analysis, and the pump elements will overheat and fail.

The procedure for filling the suction line.

A plug is unscrewed in the upper part of the turbine housing, and a watering can is inserted in its place (photo 7).

A dry rag is placed under the body to catch the liquid during the filling process.

Water from a plastic bottle, in small portions, is supplied to the suction line until it runs out from under the watering can.

The watering can is removed and the plug is installed.

After these events, the station is ready for launch.

The suction can be filled in a reverse way, that is, in the presence of water in the main pipeline, to exclude water hammer on the blades, smoothly open the valve 23 or 24 and do not close it until the readings appear on the pressure gauge 6.

How the system works

During the analysis of water from the central line, the shut-off valves 23, 24 must be closed, and the valves 20, 21, 22, 25 in the open position, the voltage to the pumping station is cut off by an automatic switch. Water through the primary filter and the float valve enters the tank. When a certain level is reached, the valve closes, and to prevent leakage that may occur if the valve breaks or becomes clogged, the water supply is shut off by valve 25.

When the water supply to the house is stopped, the shut-off valves 20, 21, 22, 25 close and the taps 23, 24 open, the electrical power to the pump is restored.

When the mixer is opened, water flows from the receiver, and when the pressure drops to the lower limit (1.8 bar), the automation unit turns on the pump, which supplies liquid from the tank to the pipeline and the membrane tank. The pressure switch will turn off the pump when a pressure of 2.8 bar is reached in the discharge system. The consumption of liquid is a cyclic process, and the pressure gauge 17 will signal the appearance of water in the city energy network.

Let's take a closer look at the important components of the storage device to determine the installation method and equipment selection criteria.

Water heating of a private house

After installing the water supply of a country house, water heating connectionaccording to the accepted scheme. Such a design is a closed system consisting of the following elements:

• Boiler - heats water and sends it to radiators, which gradually release heat into the house. After cooling in them, the water again enters the boiler.
• Radiators - the principle of their operation is the circulation of a thermal element (water), which, in the process of passing, gives off its thermal energy. Radiators differ in materials of manufacture and the level of heat transfer.

Water heating scheme

Boilers are also included in the water heating system, which are used to heat large amounts of water. The volume of the boiler is selected depending on the needs of a particular family. Flowing water heaters, unlike boilers, supply hot water immediately, without the need to wait for two hours. They are more compact and have better performance.

Having decided to make your life in a private house or cottage more comfortable with the help of a water supply system, you can contact specialists or do the installation yourself. The main thing is to take into account all the main points of high-quality and competent arrangement of a water source.

How to choose

The main working body of the hydraulic tank is the membrane. Its service life depends on the quality of the material. The best for today are membranes made of food rubber (vulcanized rubber plates). The body material matters only in membrane type tanks. In those in which a “pear” is installed, water is in contact only with rubber and the material of the case does not matter.

The flange should be made of thick galvanized steel, but stainless steel is better

What is really important in tanks with "pears" is the flange. It is usually made from galvanized steel.

In this case, the thickness of the metal is important.If it is only 1 mm, after about a year and a half of operation, a hole will appear in the metal of the flange, the tank will lose its tightness and the system will stop working. Moreover, the guarantee is only a year, although the declared service life is 10-15 years. The flange usually rots after the end of the warranty period. There is no way to weld it - a very thin metal. You have to look for a new flange in service centers or buy a new tank.

So, if you want the accumulator to serve for a long time, look for a flange made of thick galvanized steel or thin, but made of stainless steel.

How to install a simple top drive

Let's analyze a common option with the location of the drive in the attic. So, we do it ourselves or choose a container that can climb into the attic hatch or window. Restrictions on volume and dimensions are not terrible for those who, while still in the process of construction, thought out a scheme for constructing a water supply system. Then the container can be pre-installed on the upper floor, if it does not interfere with the construction of the truss system.

Now we will analyze in detail how to install and connect a cold water tank to a year-round bath:

• pre-strengthen the base by laying thick boards on the beams of the upper floor;
• install the container in its place;
• install the float valve. To do this, we mark a point, departing from the upper edge of the container 7-7.5 cm, and cut out a hole of the size we need. We insert the valve shank into the formed hole, after putting a plastic washer on it. On the other side of the tank wall, we first put on a stiffening plate, then a second washer and screw on the nut.We tighten the fasteners and screw the connector to the shank so that the supply pipe can be connected;
• we drill holes for outgoing pipes according to their dimensions. From the inside of the tank, we insert a connector with a plastic washer into each hole. We strengthen the thread by screwing two or three layers of FUM tape, after which we put on the washer and wind the nut;
• we cut a shut-off valve into each outgoing pipe;
• we make an overflow, for which we mark a point 2-2.5 cm below the marking point of the float valve and drill a hole. The overflow pipe is discharged into the sewer, we fasten it to the tank with connectors by analogy with the previous one;
• we bring pipes to the tank and fix them by the compression method. We attach the newly created sections of the pipeline to walls or beams;
• we fill the storage tank with water in order to check the tightness of the connections, at the same time we adjust the position of the float in accordance with the position of the overflow;
• we insulate the container by attaching long pieces of polystyrene around to the walls or wrapping it with mineral wool.

Criterias of choice

To determine the type / dimensions of the tank, it is worth relying on the following criteria:

The type of material from which the drive is made: polymer, galvanized steel, cross-linked polyethylene. More often, craftsmen prefer to deal with polyvinyl chloride or HDPE. They are resistant to corrosion, mechanical stress, aggressive environments. The weight of the polymer is several times less than the metal, so the installation of the storage tank will be easier.
Design. You can take a tank of a closed (membrane) type or open. The first is a completely sealed tank with a useful volume one third less than its visible dimensions.The second one has a cover / hatch, but sealed walls and bottom.
Tank location type. If the top installation of the tank is provided (in the attic or water tower), it is better to give preference to a polymer tank with smooth outer walls. With the lower location of the drive, it is better to take a tank with stiffeners. They contribute to the preservation of the integrity of the polymer under the pressure of the soil on it.
Storage capacity. On average, for a family of 2-3 people, it is better to take a tank of 100-150 liters. With an economical consumption of water, this is quite enough. Next, it is worth relying on the individual needs of residents.

It is important to remember that an open-type tank with a large volume will silt up faster. Experienced specialists do not recommend installing a storage tank of more than 250 liters for long-term storage of liquid.

When choosing the volume of the tank, the following should be considered:

• the smaller the tank capacity, the more often the pump will turn on;
• with a larger storage volume, it takes longer to fill - long-term operation of the injection equipment consumes electricity;
• if the tank has a modest displacement, pressure drops in the system occur more often.

When choosing a tank for water supply, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to its characterizing factors. When selecting a container of optimal capacity, the number of people who will consume water is taken into account.

It is equally important to know the number of water intakes in the apartment: showers, taps, household appliances. Also, we should not forget about the likelihood of using water at the same time by several consumers.

Setting up the automation unit

The automation unit consists of a membrane with a working body, a contact group, a housing, and adjusting screws.

Under the action of pressure, the rubber membrane expands or contracts, while its working body switches the contacts from the “On” position. to the "Off" position At the factory, the pressure switch is set to maintain a pressure of 1.8 - 2.8 bar, that is, when it reaches 1.8 bar, the pump turns on, and at 2.8 bar it turns off. A timely revision of the automation, which consists in cleaning the inlet (connecting port) and the surface of the contacts, allows it to work clearly without adjustment. But since there are adjusting devices in the relay, let's consider how you can transfer the block to a different response range.

Turning the #1 stud nut clockwise will increase the upper response range, turning it counterclockwise will decrease this range. Nut No. 2 sets the lower limit of operation. To achieve the best result quickly, after small changes, you should check the results of the adjustment. The device is very sensitive and each setting, even if not significant at first glance, leads to a change in the response limit of the device.

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Emergency overflow and drain

To protect against flooding of the premises in cases of overfilling of the tank, an emergency overflow is installed in its upper part, consisting of:

• transition with a diameter of 1 inch;
• corrugated hose with a section of 32 mm;
• siphon for washing;
• fastenings for a sewer pipe of 50 mm.

A tee with a 45 degree outlet is installed in the existing sewerage system. The outlet pipe of the siphon is connected to the tee through a rubber transition from a diameter of 32 mm to a cross section of 50 mm. For reliability, these nodes are treated with silicone sealant.

When it is not possible to carry out the supply of liquid by the pump (breakdown, no power supply), the water is drained through an emergency drain located in front of the suction line check valve.

In this case, the drain valve 26 is placed as close to the bottom as possible.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The operation of the hot water supply and heating system depends on the correct installation of water heating devices, so it is important to take into account all the installation nuances. Some practical tips are presented in the videos

Professional Tips:

Recommendations for self-assembly:

It is always recommended to carefully control the progress of installation work, guided in parallel by the attached documentation for the installation of a specific boiler model.

Often, users mount the system without bothering to look at the attached diagram. Connecting two water pipes and inserting the plug into the socket - such actions seem to be commonplace for them. But technology does not forgive mistakes.

Do you have personal experience installing and connecting a water heater? Do you want to share your accumulated knowledge or ask questions on a topic? Please leave and participate in discussions - the feedback form is located below.