Sodium lamps: varieties, technical parameters, scope + selection rules

DNAT lamps: lamp characteristics for flowers

Main technical characteristics

t operation	From -30ºС to +40ºС
Plinth type	Threaded E27 or E40
efficiency	30%
color t	2000 K
Light output	80 to 130 lm/W
Light flow	From 3700 to 130000 lm
U on the lamp	100 to 120 W
Wavelength	From 550-640 nm
Pulsation of the light flux	Up to 70%
Color rendering	20-30 Ra
Power	70 to 1000 W
Turn-on time	6 to 10 min
Life time	From 6 to 25 thousand hours

HPS lamp device

Additional equipment is used to ignite and burn the arc.HPS lamps cannot be connected directly to the home electrical network, since the mains voltage is not enough to ignite a cold lamp.

Lamp sodium for plants Sodium 100 W 2500K E40 Delux, designed for 1000 hours

It is better to limit the arc current, use the HPS lamp in conjunction with ballasts (ballasts) in order to stabilize the power consumption of electricity and extend the service life:

• Electronic ballasts (electronic) increase the frequency of the current, which helps to eliminate the flicker effect of 50 Hz;
• EMPRA (electromagnetic).

The HPS lamp glows bright orange during operation, because it contains sodium vapor. It can heat up to 300º, so only a ceramic cartridge is used. HPS lamps are installed in lamps for various purposes, and are powered by an alternating voltage of 220 V.

In the ballast circuit for HPS, a phase-compensating capacitor is required. Its use reduces the load on the home electrical wiring and on the circuit of the lighting device.

How to connect?	with the help of ballasts - electronic ballast or empra; in some cases, a pulse igniter or IZU is used.
The weight	not always indicated by the manufacturer; the weight of the HPS 250 lamp is 0.23 kg, and the models with a power of 400 W are 0.4 kg.
How to check?	Through the choke, capacitor and lighter
What load does it consume?	As the resource of life is spent, the power consumption of the NL gradually grows and increases by 40% relative to the initial
Light flow	HPS (70, 150, 250 or 400 W) are characterized by a specific emission color with an orange-yellow or golden-white tint
Life time	From 12000 hour to 20000
Where is it used?	indoor lighting of large areas, greenhouses, gyms, outdoor lighting of roads, residential sectors, streets; in flower beds, greenhouses, plant nurseries.
Harm	May be harmful to health with prolonged contact, lamp contains mercury
Heating temperatures	strong heating during operation; color temperature SST-2500K; produces about 96-150 lm/W; the gold standard in growing plants.
How much more economical is LED lamps than HPS?	LED is more economical than HPS, but it is impossible to use LED as the only light source, since the plant needs the entire spectrum, and LED provides only blue and red; it is better to use LED and HPS in combination; the full spectrum is needed at the seedling and vegetative stage; at the color stage, one ice will be enough.
What can replace a sodium lamp?	On LED, based on goals, savings and need

Analogue for sodium lamps

DNAT	Lumens	LED analogue
DNAT 70	4,600	50 W
DNAT 100	7,300	75 W
DNAT 150	11,000	110 W
DNAT 250	19,000	190 W
DNAT 400	35,000	350 W

Which lamps are best for growing plants?

Sodium lamps for plants are quite expensive, they get very hot, and if water gets on the glass, they can explode. In addition to sodium lamps, they also use:

• energy-saving lamps (housekeepers);
• induction phytolamps;
• LED lamps for plants (LED phytolamps).

The editors of EtiDom recommend paying attention to the following phytolamps:

1. in the budget segment OSRAM L 36 W / 765 Daylight (fluorescent lamp T8 + 40 W incandescent lamp);
2. LED phytolamp for plants LED Grow Light from a manufacturer you trust. Such a phytolamp will cost more, but it definitely will not let you down.

indicator led

To choose a suitable indicator LED element, you need to familiarize yourself with their types and types. This group includes such types of diodes: DIP, Super Flux "Piranha", Straw Hat, SMD. All of them differ in design, size, radiation brightness, etc. They are used in various fields.

DIP LEDs

This is a type of light emitting device that has an output body and often a convex lens. Different types of LEDs from this group differ in the shape and diameter of the body. Cylindrical elements have a bulb circumference of 3 mm. Also on sale there are diodes with a rectangular case.

They have a wide spectral range, they are single-color and multi-color (RGB tapes). However, their glow angle does not exceed 60°.

They are used for outdoor advertising, indicators.

Super Flux Piranha

This type of LED has the highest luminous flux. It has a rectangular case with 4 pins (outputs), so it can be rigidly attached to the board.

On sale there are LEDs with red, green, blue and white light, the latter differ in color temperature. You can purchase LED elements with or without a lens (3.5 mm). The angle within which the luminous flux diverges is quite wide - from 40 ° to 120 °.

Piranhas are mounted in car appliances, daytime running lights, store signs, etc.

Straw Hat

These diodes are also called "straw hat", this is due to their design. They look like ordinary LED bulbs with a cylinder-shaped bulb and two leads, but their height is smaller and the radius of the lens is larger.

The LED is placed close to the front wall of the bulb, so the glow angle reaches 100-140°. LED devices are available in red, blue, green, yellow and white.They emit a directional light flux, so they are used as interior lighting or replace them with alarm lamps.

SMD LEDs

In addition to output indicator LEDs, SMD type devices are commercially available. This group includes colored diodes with very bright light, as well as white elements with low power (up to 0.1 W) for surface mounting.

The sizes of the bulbs differ, for example, the SMD 0603 product is an ultra-small LED that is used for decorative lighting, mounted in car lamps, dashboards, etc. In addition, devices 0805, 1210, etc. are produced. The bulb can be with a lens or without it.

Most often, SMD type LEDs are used to create LED strips. This is due to the fact that they are easy to mount on the base.

What is a phytolamp and how does it differ from the usual

For the growth and development of plants, light waves of a certain part of the spectrum are needed. In our color perception, this is the light of the red and blue range. The wavelength is 420-460 nm in the blue part of the spectrum and 630-670 nm in the red. Plants need the rest of the spectrum, but in much smaller quantities.

Illumination of plants with light of a certain range has a beneficial effect on their development.

When growing seedlings, while maintaining a greenhouse, the plants "light up" - prolong daylight hours with the help of additional lighting. You can do this with ordinary lamps, since their spectrum also contains light radiation of the required range. And the phytolamp is distinguished by the fact that the spectrum consists mainly of waves of the required length. So, theoretically, they will be more economical than conventional backlighting. After all, the "unnecessary" spectrum of plants consumes less electricity.This type of light source is also called an agro-lamp, there is a spelling of an agro-lamp. They sell not only individual lamps, but also entire lamps. They are also called phyto-lamp (phyto-lamp), agro-lamp (agro-lamp). In general, they call it whatever you want. But the essence is the same - in this light source, red and blue light are present in large quantities.

For good results, you still need to choose the right spectrum correctly. The photo clearly shows that the LED phytolamp is much more effective for plant growth than conventional LED.

Phytolamps are of two types. Some - gas discharge - have the entire spectrum, but their difference is that in the required range the radiation intensity is higher. This is reflected in the spectrograms of such light sources. The second type of lamps is narrowly segmented fluorescent and LED. You can distinguish such a phyto-lamp from a regular one by turning it on. It shines with a lilac light - due to the predominant red and blue spectrum.

Energy saving lamps

Energy saving lamps

In essence, they were created on the basis of the previous type of light bulbs. But they are favorably distinguished by an electronic unit that controls the processes of work and the inclusion itself. By the way, it was he who helped eliminate blinking like a luminescent type of light bulb, so there is no such problem here.

Benefits of energy saving lamps

Energy-saving lamps can give both warm light and cold light. This is possible because the combustion temperature determines one color or another.
Of course, the main plus is already in the title. These lamps will not require as much electricity as the previous options.The maximum possible reduction is about eighty percent.
The process of light bulb operation has also become much safer.

For example, energy-saving lamps emit much less thermal energy, so you can not think about fire safety and use them almost anywhere.
They tolerate surges or power surges better, and you don’t need to carefully calculate the time to turn off or turn off with them. Of course, they can also fail for this reason, but this happens extremely rarely.

Disadvantages of energy-saving lamps

• Because of this good service characteristic, the cost of energy-saving light bulbs is rising. It is significantly higher than other options.
• They do not have such a common manufacturing formula, so if the light bulb breaks indoors, then you need to remove it very carefully. The degree of care of actions can be compared with a broken thermometer. Even after the expiration date or work, you need to be careful. Energy-saving light bulbs cannot simply be thrown into the trash, they must be properly disposed of.

Features of the DNAtT 70 lamp

The average power rating of the device, as you can see from the name, is 70 watts. The luminous flux parameter varies in the region of 6000 lm, and the operating voltage in the device reaches 90 V. The average duration of the model is about 15,000 hours. The base on the lamp belongs to the U27 class. Its diameter is 39 mm, and its length is 156 mm. The price for the gas-discharge model DNAT 70 in the general market starts from 300 rubles.

DNAT 100 reviews and features.

The power indicator of the device is 100 watts. At the same time, the luminous flux of the device is located at around 8500 lps.The voltage in the lamp varies in the region of 100 V, and the power parameter of the device is 1.2 A. The average lamp life is 15,000 hours. The base, as in the previous device, uses class E27 (diameter 39 mm, and length is only 156 mm).

The price for HPS is 320 rubles. Ultimately, the lamp comes out quite budgetary and with a high efficiency. Also a distinctive feature of this species is considered a good indicator of color transfer. The luminous flux from the lamp is stable throughout the entire operation of the device. The disadvantages include the high sensitivity of the device, for this reason it is forbidden to use the lamp at cold temperatures.

Reviews Philips 227.

Most consumers rated this lamp only on the positive side. The energy consumption of the lamp reaches 100 watts. With all this, the brightness indicator is 5000 ml. The flask of the device has a transparent color and is attractive in appearance. The color temperature of the device is 2500 K, and in terms of dimensions the model is very compact, which is already a plus. The disadvantages include only a short time of operation of the device. The average operating time is 5000 hours. The price for a Philips 227 lamp is 280 rubles.

Description lamp Philips Son 1990 K.

This gas discharge lamp is a sodium type. Its base comes from class E 27, and the power consumption of energy is 70 watts. The branch flow parameter is in the region of 60000 ml. The flask is transparent. The color temperature of the device is -1900 K. The length of the model starts from 156 mm, and the diameter starts from 32 mm. The manufacturer reports that the service life of the device is as much as 28,000 hours, and the cost of a discharge lamp (according to the market indicator) is 400 rubles.

Characteristics of the Philips 422 lamp.

This mercury-based gas-discharge model has an ellipsoid shape. A cartridge in a U40 class device. The power consumption parameter reaches 250 watts. With all this, the brightness indicator varies around 12,000 lm. The flasks in this device are frosted. The color temperature is 4000 K. The model is 228 mm long and 91 mm in diameter. Philips 422 operation is equal to 6,000 hours. The device is powered by a network with a voltage of 220 V. The market value of the model is 270 rubles.

Ultimately, the Philips 422 is a model with high-quality light output, but at the same time with low performance, so it is highly discouraged to use this lamp on the street or in parks. Especially the lamp is not able to endure low temperatures.

Also, this variety is characterized by low color rendering due to its weak spectrum of rays. The process of work for this model is performed only due to alternating current. To turn on the Philips 422 lamp, the tenant will definitely need a ballast drussel. The pulsations of the light flux in this model are overestimated, which cannot please the consumer. In the end, it should be noted that the brightness of the Philips 422 lamp at the end of its life is significantly reduced.

How to choose the right light source

Poor color quality and strong flicker make sodium modules unsuitable for domestic use and permanent residential lighting.

But this is not a reason to abandon the use of such economical and efficient light sources in other areas.

DNaZ-type lamps, equipped with a mirror reflector, evenly scatter the light flux over the plants, accelerate growth and stimulate rapid fruiting.With this approach, the yield in greenhouses increases several times.

You just need to clearly define the tasks that need to be solved and specifically for them to choose the most successful light source.

If you need to create a lighting system in a greenhouse or conservatory where various vegetables, herbs, berries, ornamental plants and flowers are grown, you should give preference to high-pressure products with DNaZ marking.

They have a 95% reflective coefficient and maintain these parameters at the proper level throughout the entire operational period.

The luminous flux of the lamps is directed not only downwards, as, for example, with HPS modules, but is distributed longitudinally.

This makes it possible to embed sodium products directly into the center of a rack, window sill or table, from where they can scatter light both along the row and in both directions around.

It is recommended to purchase sodium-type units in specialized stores. Don't go for cheapness. It is better to buy a high-quality brand module once and forget about changing light bulbs for a long time.

Simple DNL perform well in greenhouses with minimal access to sunlight. They provide the blue and red spectral glow vital for plants, accelerating growth, development, fruiting and flowering.

When it is required to provide high-quality illumination of highways and increase their safety during difficult weather conditions such as thick fog or snowfall, it is worth paying attention to the classic low-pressure HPS.They consume resources economically, have a long service life of up to 32,000 hours and provide a rich and bright beam of light up to 200 lm/W.

They consume resources economically, have a long service life of up to 32,000 hours and provide a rich and bright light output of up to 200 lm/W.

Information about the nuances of choice, the best manufacturers of lamps for residential use is given in the articles:

1. Which light bulbs are best for the home: what are + rules for choosing the best light bulb
2. Choosing energy-saving lamps: a comparative review of 3 types of energy-efficient light bulbs
3. Bulbs for stretch ceilings: rules for choosing and connecting + layouts of lamps on the ceiling
4. Which LED lamps are better to choose: types, characteristics, choice + best models

Types of gas discharge lamps.

According to pressure, there are:

• GRL low pressure
• GRL high pressure

Low pressure gas discharge lamps.

Fluorescent lamps (LL) - designed for lighting. They are a tube coated from the inside with a phosphor layer. A high voltage pulse is applied to the electrodes (usually six hundred volts or more). The electrodes are heated, a glow discharge occurs between them. Under the influence of the discharge, the phosphor begins to emit light. What we see is the glow of the phosphor, and not the glow discharge itself. They operate at low pressure.

Read more about fluorescent lamps - here

Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) are fundamentally no different from LLs. The difference is only in the size, shape of the flask. The start-up electronics board is usually built into the base itself. Everything is geared towards miniaturization.

More about the CFL device - here

Display backlight lamps also do not have fundamental differences. Powered by an inverter.

Induction lamps.This type of illuminator does not have any electrodes in its bulb. The flask is traditionally filled with an inert gas (argon) and mercury vapor, and the walls are covered with a layer of phosphor. Gas ionization occurs under the action of a high-frequency (from 25 kHz) alternating magnetic field. The generator itself and the gas flask can make up one whole device, but there are also options for spaced manufacturing.

High pressure gas discharge lamps.

There are also high pressure devices. The pressure inside the flask is greater than atmospheric pressure.

Arc mercury lamps (abbreviated DRL) were previously used for outdoor street lighting. Nowadays they are used less and less. They are being replaced by metal halide and sodium light sources. The reason is low efficiency.

The appearance of the DRL lamp

Arc mercury iodide lamps (HID) contain a burner in the form of a tube of fused quartz glass. It contains electrodes. The burner itself is filled with argon, an inert gas with impurities of mercury and rare earth metal iodides. May contain cesium. The burner itself is placed inside a heat-resistant glass flask. Air is pumped out of the flask, practically the burner is in a vacuum. More modern ones are equipped with a ceramic burner - it does not darken. Used to illuminate large areas. Typical powers are from 250 to 3500 watts.

Arc sodium tubular lamps (HSS) have twice the light output compared to DRL at the same power consumption. This variety is designed for street lighting. The burner contains an inert gas - xenon and vapors of mercury and sodium. This lamp can be immediately recognized by the glow - the light has an orange-yellow or golden hue. They differ in a rather long transition time to the off state (about 10 minutes).

Arc xenon tubular light sources are characterized by bright white light, spectrally close to daylight. The power of lamps can reach 18 kW. Modern options are made of quartz glass. The pressure can reach 25 atm. The electrodes are made of tungsten doped with thorium. Sometimes sapphire glass is used. This solution ensures the predominance of ultraviolet in the spectrum.

The light flux is created by the plasma near the negative electrode. If mercury is included in the composition of the vapor, then the glow occurs near the anode and cathode. Flashes are also of this type. A typical example is IFC-120. They can be identified by an additional third electrode. Due to their range, they are great for photography.

Metal halide discharge lamps (MHL) are characterized by compactness, power and efficiency. Often used in lighting fixtures. Structurally, they are a burner placed in a vacuum flask. The burner is made of ceramic or quartz glass and filled with mercury vapor and metal halides. This is necessary to correct the spectrum. Light is emitted by the plasma between the electrodes in the burner. Power can reach 3.5 kW. Depending on impurities in mercury vapor, a different color of the light flux is possible. They have good light output. The service life can reach 12 thousand hours. It also has good color reproduction. Long goes to the operating mode - about 10 minutes.

Wiring diagrams

To connect DNaT to the network, ballast equipment is used, consisting of a ballast choke and a source of high-voltage pulses (IZU). The first element is connected in series, and the second - in parallel with the lamp.The current passing through the inductor and IZU starts the lamp.

The power of the throttle must necessarily correspond to the power of the light source. And it turns on precisely in the phase line, which can be determined using the simplest indicator screwdriver. To compensate for the reactive component of the current and reduce power consumption, a quenching capacitor is connected in parallel with the lamp. For DNAT-250, you can use a model with a capacity of 35 microfarads. This is an optional schema element.

Regarding the use of IZU, electrical engineers do not have a consensus. The fact is that it is of two types:

• with two connection points;
• with three connection points.

Point to point IZU

The self-oscillation generator circuit is based on two dinistors. It turns on in parallel with the lamp, so the device does not have a balancing effect on the electrical circuit when the starting current increases. Because of this, the throttle can be broken. After starting the lamp, the IZU continues to work, increasing power consumption.

Three-point ISU

A feature of the device is that the phase line passes through it and through this circuit it turns out to be connected in series with the lamp. Therefore, when starting, its throttle has an additional compensatory effect and better stabilizes the system. The circuit is built on the latest generation semiconductors with the best performance characteristics. For these reasons, it is preferable to use it.

Device and principle of operation

LEDs emit light due to the presence of a p-n junction. In this area, p- and n-type charge carriers are in contact. The cathode (n-type) is a semiconductor with a negative charge, and the anode (p-type) is a positive charge carrier (holes).That is, holes are formed in the first (areas where there are no electrons), and the second accumulates electrons. On their surface there are contact pads made of metal, to which the leads are attached by soldering.

When a p-type semiconductor receives a positive charge, and a negative charge enters an n-type electron, a current begins to flow at the border between the diode and the cathode. With direct connection, negative and positive electrons meet, and at the transition site (p-n-junction) their recombination (exchange) occurs. When a negative voltage is applied from the cathode side to the p-type region, a forward bias occurs. The glow appears when photons are released as a result of the exchange.

The beginning of the use of arc sodium lamps

They began to be used in the first half of the 20th century for urban lighting and highways. Sodium vapors, which are inside the glass flask, destroyed it at high temperatures. For this reason, it was necessary to use heat-resistant glass, the cost of which was very high. Thus, HPS sodium lamps did not find wide application at that time. Only after the Second World War, with the beginning of economic recovery and technological progress, it was discovered that at lower temperatures and low current strength, mercury vapor could be luminous. To do this, scientists have solved the problem of protecting the flask, both from mercury vapor and from high temperatures.

HPS luminous flux power comparison

As can be seen from the table, the luminous flux of arc sodium lamps is almost twice as high as DRL.And these light sources occupy the main place in the illumination of streets, highways, garden and park lighting. For this reason, in many regions, under the “energy saving” program, a program is being carried out to replace DRL with HPS sodium lamps. Today they are one of the most economical types of lighting.

Design features

All sodium lamps are a high-strength aluminum oxide bulb connected to two electrodes. The material of the element withstands high temperatures and is resistant to sodium vapor. The flask is filled with a mixture of inert gases, mercury, sodium and xenon. The presence of argon in the gas mixture facilitates the formation of a charge, while mercury and xenon serve to improve light output.

The design looks like a flask in a flask. The burner is installed in a smaller flask, a vacuum is created in it. Connects to the network through the plinth. The outer element performs the function of a thermos, protecting the internal parts from the negative effects of low ambient temperatures and reducing heat loss.

Burner

The burner is the most important element of any HPS lamp. It is a thin glass cylinder, the most resistant to temperature extremes and chemical attack. Electrodes are inserted into the flask on both sides.

During the production of the burner, special attention is paid to its complete vacuumization. The base during operation of the equipment heats up to 1300 degrees and the ingress of even a small amount of oxygen into this area can lead to an explosion

The burner is made of polycrystalline aluminum oxide (policor). The material has a high density, resistance to sodium vapor and transmits about 90% of all visible radiation. The electrodes are made from molybdenum.Increasing the power of the element requires increasing the size of the burner.

The vacuum in the flask is difficult to maintain, because with thermal expansion, microscopic gaps inevitably appear through which air passes. To prevent this, spacers are used.

plinth

Through the base, the lamp is connected to the mains. The most commonly used Edison screw connection marked E. For HPS with a power of 70 and 100 W, E27 socles are used, for 150, 250 and 400 W - E40. The number next to the letter indicates the connection diameter.

For a long time, sodium lamps were equipped only with screw bases, but not so long ago a new Double Ended connection appeared, providing contacts on both sides of a cylindrical bulb.

Double Ended Plinth

Mercury discharge lamp

Mercury discharge lamp

She has several varieties that are united by one thing - the workflow. Light bulbs work because of the mercury vapor and the electrical discharge that occurs in the gas. The most famous option is an arc mercury lamp. It is she who is used to illuminate warehouses, factories, agricultural land and even open spaces. Known for its good light output. All other varieties are built on the addition of gas to the pressure inside the burner. Therefore, there are several light bulbs that have their own characteristics, but they are not so well known.

Low pressure sodium lamps

The tube is filled with an appropriate amount of metallic sodium and inert gases - neon and argon.The discharge tube is placed in a transparent glass protective jacket, which provides thermal insulation of the discharge tube from the outside air and maintains the optimum temperature at which heat losses are negligible. A high vacuum must be created in the protective jacket, since the efficiency of the lamp depends on the magnitude and maintenance of the vacuum during the operation of the lamp. At the end of the outer tube, a plinth is fixed, usually a pin, for connecting to the network.

Connection diagrams for high pressure sodium lamps.

First, when the sodium lamp is ignited, a discharge occurs in the neon, and the lamp begins to glow red. Under the influence of a discharge in neon, the discharge tube heats up and sodium begins to melt (the melting point of sodium is 98°C). Part of the molten sodium evaporates, and as the sodium vapor pressure in the discharge tube rises, the lamp begins to glow yellow. The process of flaring up the lamp lasts 10-15 minutes.

Sodium lamps are among the most economical of existing light sources. The efficiency of the lamp is influenced by a number of factors: the temperature of the discharge tube, the heat-insulating properties of the protective jacket, the pressure of the filler gases, etc. To obtain the highest efficiency of the lamp, the temperature of the discharge tube must be maintained within the range of 270-280 ° C. In this case, the sodium vapor pressure is 4 * 10-3 mmHg Art. Increasing and decreasing the temperature against the optimum leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the lamp.

To keep the temperature of the discharge tube at an optimum level, it is necessary to better isolate the discharge tube from the surrounding atmosphere.Removable protective tubes used in domestic lamps do not provide sufficient thermal insulation, therefore, a lamp of the DNA-140 type, manufactured by our industry, with a power of 140 W, has a luminous efficiency of 80-85 lm / W. Sodium lamps are now being developed, in which the protective tube is integral with the discharge tube. This design of the lamp provides good thermal insulation and, together with the improvement of the discharge tube by making dents on it, makes it possible to raise the luminous efficiency of the lamps to 110-130 lm / W.

The pressure of neon or argon should be no more than 10 mm Hg. Art., since at their higher pressure, sodium vapor can move to one side of the tube. This leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the lamp. To prevent the movement of sodium in the lamp, dents are provided on the tube.
The service life of the lamp is determined by the quality of the glass, the pressure of the filling gases, the design and materials of the electrodes, etc. Under the influence of hot sodium, especially its vapor, the glass is severely eroded.

Comparative scale of lamp temperatures.

Sodium is a strong chemical reducing agent, therefore, when combined with silicic acid, which is the basis of glass, it reduces it to silicon, and the glass turns black. In addition, glass absorbs argon. In the end, only neon remains in the discharge tube, and the lamp stops lighting. The average lamp life is from 2 to 5 thousand hours.

The lamp is connected to the network using a high-dissipation autotransformer, which provides the high open circuit voltage necessary for ignition of the lamp and stabilization of the discharge.

The main disadvantage of low-pressure sodium lamps is the uniform color of the radiation, which does not allow
use them for general lighting purposes in a production environment, due to significant color distortion of objects. The use of sodium lamps for lighting, transport access roads, highways and, in some cases, outdoor architectural lighting in cities is very effective. The domestic industry produces sodium lamps in limited quantities.

Types of lighting lamps

When choosing a lighting fixture for a home, it happens that the main attention is paid to such characteristics as the shape of the bulb and the type of base. These indicators are most important if you buy light bulbs for fixtures that have been used for a long time.

Plinth type

Base - a part that supplies electric current and secures a light bulb in a cartridge. The choice of base is based on the type of cartridge that the luminaire is equipped with.

The type of base can be determined by the letters in the marking:

• E - threaded (Edison);
• G - pin;
• R - with recessed contact;
• P - focusing;
• B - bayonet (pin bayonet);
• S - soffit.

Lowercase letters are used to indicate the number of contact elements (pins, plates, flexible connections):

• one - s;
• two - d;
• three - t;
• four - q;
• five - p.

The numbers in the marking indicate the diameter of the connection or the number of contacts (if they are made in the form of pins).

Flask shape

The type of flask in the marking is indicated by a letter, the maximum diameter is indicated by numbers.

Most popular forms:

• pear-shaped (A);
• candle (C);
• twisted candle (CW)
• ovoid (P);
• reflex (R);
• reflex parabolic (Par);
• reflex with reflector (MR);
• ball (G);
• drawn ball (B);
• kryptonian (mushroom) (K)
• tubular (T).