Which LED lamps are better to choose: types, characteristics, choice + best models

What are the advantages of LED chandeliers

The types of LED lamps for chandeliers are diverse and choosing the right one is not difficult, but first you need to understand why they are good.

LED chandeliers have a lot of advantages that are very noticeable:

• Light bulbs of this type are not hazardous to the environment and are completely environmentally friendly.
• The bulbs are not enclosed in a glass base, which prevents the possibility of breakage and cuts.
• LEDs are designed so that they are not afraid of any temperature conditions, high humidity and other external influences. This makes them suitable for use in homes, apartments, offices, warehouses, and even street lighting.
• Each chandelier with LEDs has a built-in capacitor - a fuse.This makes their operation safe even in conditions of constant power fluctuations, so there is no need for complex expensive transformers.
• Due to the fact that the bulbs remain completely cold, they can be used with a stretch ceiling. The ceiling film will not be deformed.
• The flickering of light is not noticeable to a person, since the ice lamps have a high flicker frequency.
• Luminaires of this type do not distort the color rendering process.
• You can choose warm or cold lighting, as well as, if there are additional functions, change the color of the lighting to any other.
• Many LED chandeliers are controlled and this is done using a remote control.

What is LED Module

An LED module (block, cluster) is a device or part thereof, consisting of one or more LEDs and emitting light. In addition to a different number of diodes, the modules differ in size, voltage, current, brightness, color, control method. In a classic cluster, there are mechanical, optical and heat-removing elements, but there is no control device.

The LED module may contain:

• only diodes connected in series;
• LEDs and current limiting elements;
• diodes, current limiters and a controller that controls the color and brightness of the glow;
• LEDs, current limiters, a controller and a control unit that allows you to connect the cluster to the network.

Some modules are installed
reflectors, lenses, elements that protect from the sun. These blocks are larger.

LED clusters are:

• independent
  (can be chosen for installation outside the luminaire or housing);
• embedded
  (can be chosen to be installed in a housing or lighting fixture, when exiting
  building to replace);
• one-piece
  (can be chosen to be installed in the housing or lighting fixture, can not be replaced).

Regardless of the type, the module can be
control device or without it.

LED modules are classified as follows
or at the place of use on:

• intra-house
  (SMD);
• external(DIP).

In the first, the diodes are soldered on the board,
brightness indicators are low, but the contrast level is high. DIP large,
open, with two legs, bright, not contrasting, equipped with visors,
protecting from sunlight. Internal clusters are used for lighting
premises for various purposes, including residential. Clusters with DIP are used
in landscape design and in the manufacture of advertising structures.

Lighting LEDs

Choosing
which LEDs are the brightest,
it is worth stopping at the lighting. It's heavy duty
high intensity LEDs. Issued exclusively
in white, warm and cold, housing designed for surface
installation. Used in lamps
and LED strips, headlights, lanterns and other things where powerful super-bright LEDs are needed.

Not
there are natural crystals that emit white light. Therefore, in order to
create white LEDs,
different technologies are used, based on the mixing of the three main
colors (RGB). The color temperature is determined by the way they are combined.
A popular method is to coat the crystal with layers of phosphor, each of
which is responsible for one of the three basic colors. Another way is to
applying a pair of layers of phosphor on a blue crystal.

The following can be distinguished
advantages of lighting diodes:

• different color glow;
• possibility of choosing light temperature;
• energy saving, reducing electricity costs;
• low pulsation coefficient;
• varied
  dissipated power.

Among lighting
The following types of LEDs are distinguished:

LED type	Structure	Frame	Scattering angle	Application area
smd	A crystal coated with a phosphor is placed on an aluminum or copper substrate that removes heat	Mostly rectangular, with or without lens	100-130o	Portable lamps, LED lamps and strips, car headlights
COB	A large number of SMD LEDs in a single phosphor-coated package	They have the form of a matrix, most often rectangular	up to 180o	Only for lighting without narrow beams
Filament	The crystals are coated with a phosphor and mounted on a glass substrate.	Cylindrical substrate	360o	Decorative room lighting
PCB Star	One crystal with a large area on an aluminum substrate	Underlay in the form of a gear or a star	120o	Powerful spotlights and flashlights

Note! Filament's light spectrum is much more pleasing to the human eye than SMD and COB types, and is similar to incandescent light.

Indicator LEDs

indicator
led chips most
common. They are used for various illumination and indication, from lamps and
traffic lights to household appliances. Modern modifications have great power
light, although it is quite low-power
LEDs.

Function
reflectors concentrating the luminous flux are performed by the walls and the supporting
plate. The devices have rectangular ends with a diameter of 3-10 mm and convex
lenses. They require a 2.5-5 V power supply (current limit is 20-25 mA), and if used
integrated resistor - 12
B. The angle of illumination is either
wide (110-140o) or narrow (15-45o).The light output of white LEDs is at the level
3-5 lm.

The indicator diode has the following advantages:

• low cost;
• safe currents and voltage of LEDs;
• high level of protection against external influences;
• low energy consumption with low heat dissipation, allowing devices to work for a long time without cooling radiators.

Among indicator
There are the following types of LEDs:

LED type	Structure	Frame	Color Range	Scattering angle	Application area
DIP	The smallest, a crystal in a terminal case	Rectangular or cylindrical, diameter - from 3 to 10 mm. Has a convex lens	Single and multi-color (RGB), UV and IR	Up to 60o	Indication devices, light boards, Christmas decorations
Super Flux Piranha	Has four outputs for fixing on the board	Rectangular, with or without lens (5 or 3 mm)	Green, red, blue and white with different temperature	40-120o	Lighting for daytime running lights, automotive instruments and more
Straw Hat	Two outputs, the crystal is located near the front wall	Cylindrical, lens radius increased, height reduced	Blue, green, yellow, white and red LED	100-140o	Used when uniform illumination with low power consumption is required
smd	No output, surface mounted	Typical size range, convex lens part, flat LED part	Colored and white	20-120o	They are the basis of diode tapes

Most
technological and popular is a group of SMD LEDs.

Extra options

In 2019, smart LED lamps are gaining more and more popularity, which have the following functionalities:

1. Protection from thieves.The light bulb remembers the time of turning on and off by the owners for a week and in their absence turns on and off on its own, simulating the effect of presence.
2. Has an on and off timer. The settings are set manually.
3. Control from the remote control. In addition to turning the light on and off, you can choose the brightness or color of the glow.
4. Smoke and motion sensors.
5. The presence of a battery. When the light goes out, the lamp can still work for several hours, which provides emergency lighting in the house.
6. Strengthening the Wi-Fi signal. Smart LED lamps can expand the coverage of a Wi-Fi network through built-in antennas. This will strengthen the wireless signal in places where it is very weak.
7. The presence of speakers. Yes, the bulbs can even play your favorite music from your smartphone. To do this, you just need to synchronize the lamp and phone via Bluetooth.

The most popular models of LED smart bulbs are Philips Hue, Xiaomi Yeelight LED and Luminous BT Smart Bulb

Do you want to choose a smart LED light bulb for your apartment or house? Take a look at the listed models.

In addition, when choosing LED lamps, pay attention to the operating temperature range. For the street, you need to choose a light bulb that can function at a minimum temperature mark of about -40 ° C

For baths and saunas, on the contrary, the operating temperature of the LEDs should be around +90°C.

Well, the last thing I would like to talk about is the ripple coefficient. If the lamp pulsates, this indicates a low quality rectifier in the power supply. The stronger the pulsation, the faster the person gets tired, and his nervous system is also more excited.Unfortunately, it is impossible to estimate the ripple coefficient with the naked eye. This will require a special device or at least a mobile phone camera. Ask to turn on the light bulb, point the camera at it, if the image starts flashing, then the LED lamp is pulsing, we do not recommend choosing it.

Which manufacturer of LED lamps to prefer?

Such lamps are often faked, not only in Russia, but all over the world. And we are not talking about Chinese products, which, as a rule, they try to produce under their own brands. The point is in the lamps of eminent manufacturers, forged by artisanal methods.

Table. Leaders in the production of LED lamps

Manufacturer	Short description
Philips	Few people know that Karl Marx had a cousin who, together with his son, founded this company back in 1891. Over the decades of its existence, the company has developed strongly and is now one of the leaders in the production of household appliances.
camelion	A manufacturer from China, whose products have gained great popularity due to their affordable price and the ease of replacing individual parts.
Osram	This company was founded in 1906, the scope of its activities has several areas at once: hospital lighting, lamps for domestic use, devices for the automotive industry. Osram LED lamps are considered to be among the best in the world.
Navigator	Russian manufacturer, in the assortment of which there are a lot of LED lamps of different power.
Gauss	High-quality lighting equipment of domestic production. Gauss lamps are often found in public places, restaurants and IKEA stores.
ASD	Another domestic manufacturer engaged in the production of various lighting products, including LED strips / panels, spotlights, etc. Production facilities are located in China.

A photo	Name	Rating	Price
TOP-3 LED models E27 (to replace 150 W lamps)
#1		OSRAM LS CLA150	100 / 100	Link to the product
#2		Nanolight E27 2700K	99 / 100	Link to the product
#3		Osram SST CLA150 20.3 W/827 E27 FR Dim	98 / 100	Link to the product
TOP-4 LEDs with E27 base (to replace 200 W lamps)
#1		Navigator NLL-A70	99 / 100	Link to the product
#2		Gauss A67 6500 K	99 / 100	Link to the product
#3		Philips Led 27W 6500K	96 / 100 2 - votes	Link to the product
#4		OSRAM HQL LED 3000	95 / 100	Link to the product
TOP-4 models with E27 base (to replace 60 W lamps)
#1		Philips 806 Lumen 2700K	100 / 100	Link to the product
#2		Osram Duo Click CLA60 6.3W/827	99 / 100	Link to the product
#3		Gauss Led 7W	98 / 100	Link to the product
#4		Philips LED A60-8w-865-E27	96 / 100	Link to the product
TOP-4 lamps with E14 base (similar to "weaving")
#1		Foton Lighting FL-LED-R50 ECO 9W	99 / 100	Link to the product
#2		ASD LED-BALL-STD	98 / 100	Link to the product
#3		Xflash XF-E14-TC-P	96 / 100	Link to the product
#4		Feron ELC73	92 / 100	Link to the product
TOP-5 LED lamps with E27 base (similar to "weaving")
#1		Gauss LED 12W	100 / 100	Link to the product
#2		LED E27-E40	99 / 100	Link to the product
#3		Feron Е27-Е40 LED	97 / 100	Link to the product
#4		Navigator NLL-A60 6500K	97 / 100	Link to the product
#5		Bellight E27 10 W	95 / 100	Link to the product

Which LED lamp would you choose or recommend?

Take a survey

220V LED lamps: circuits, device

The design of the LED lamp includes the following elements:

• diffuser - to increase the angle and uniform distribution of light. Usually made of translucent plastic or durable polycarbonate;
• LED system - the number of LEDs used in the lamp determines its power, size and design.One lamp can use from one to several dozen diodes;
• aluminum printed circuit board - provides heat dissipation from the LEDs to the cooling radiator;
• radiator - made of several aluminum plates. Removes heat from the printed circuit board;
• capacitor - an element of the adapter, which serves to eliminate the effect of voltage ripple at the output;
• driver - used to convert alternating current. It rectifies and stabilizes the voltage to power the diodes;
• the base of the base - made of polymer, it provides protection for the body from electrical breakdown;
• brass base - provides contact with the lamp socket.

LED lamp device

Thus, the LED lamp is a block of diodes and a power supply circuit with resistors that limits the current. The 220V LED lamp circuit represents a sequence in which the mains voltage of 220V is applied to the bridge rectifier element through the current limiting capacitor, indicated in the diagram C1, and the resistor R2.

As a result, the system of LEDs HL1 is supplied with constant power passing through the resistor R4. The LEDs in the lamp begin to glow. The purpose of the capacitor C2 in the circuit is to obtain a smoothed rectified voltage. The discharge of the capacitor C1 when the LED light source is disconnected from the supply voltage occurs through the resistor R1.

Incandescent and halogen bulbs

However, halogen lamps are not recommended to touch the bulb with your hands. Therefore, they must be packed in a separate bag.
When a halogen lamp burns, it heats up to a very high temperature. And if you touch her bulb with greasy hands, then residual voltage will form on it.As a result, the spiral in it will burn out much faster, thereby reducing its service life.

In addition, they are very sensitive to power surges and often burn out because of this. Therefore, they are put together with soft start devices or connected via dimmers.

Halogen lamps are mostly produced to operate from a single-phase network with a voltage of 220-230 volts. But there are also low-voltage 12 volts that require connection through a transformer for the corresponding type of lamp.

The halogen lamp shines brighter than the usual one, by about 30%, and consumes the same power. This is achieved due to the fact that it contains a mixture of inert gases.

In addition, during operation, particles of tungsten elements return back to the filament. In a conventional lamp, gradual evaporation occurs over time and these particles settle on the bulb. The light bulb dims and works half as much as a halogen one.

Difference according to the type of LED used

In the manufacture of LED lamps, various types of LEDs can be used. Depending on the type of LED used, the technical parameters of LED lamps differ.

Lamps based on SMD LEDs

SMD - spot light-emitting diodes, are LED-emitters that are mounted on the surface of the substrate. A lens is placed on top of the substrate. This type of LEDs is widely used due to the ability to place from one to three crystals on a substrate. The design of SMD LEDs provides good heat dissipation, which significantly extends the service life.In the marking after the letters SMD, four digits are used, which indicate the dimensions of the diode in millimeters.

An enlarged SMD LED.

COB LED lamps

COB - type of LEDs with crystals placed directly on the board. COB emitters (Chip on Board) have recently become widespread in the field of household lighting. They have increased durability, reliability and good heat dissipation. A single optical system ensures the uniformity of the light flux. New technologies and a reduction in the size of the structure have significantly reduced the cost of the product.

Emitter with COB LEDs.

A separate type of COB includes LED filaments. From which the so-called filament lamps are made. The design of filament lamps provides for the placement of a large number of filamentary LEDs on a strip coated with a phosphor. Bands can be made of metal, glass or sapphire.

The main difference from conventional diodes, in which the crystals are placed in separate packages, is the serial connection of the crystals. At the same time, they are sealed in a glass or plastic tube. Thanks to the innovative design, the brightness of the glow and the angle of dispersion increase many times over.

Filament LEDs.

The technology for manufacturing filament lamps is still quite new, but has broad prospects for application. Uniform dispersion of the light flux allows you to illuminate the room completely, there are no shaded areas. Externally, filament luminaires are almost indistinguishable from traditional incandescent lamps, and many users consider this a great advantage.

In addition, high energy efficiency adds to the popularity of these light bulbs.At the same power as other COB lamps, filament lamps give a higher degree of illumination.

Filament lamp.

Another new solution in LED manufacturing technology is Crystal Ceramic MCOB LEDs. A large number of crystals are placed on a transparent ceramic substrate. The phosphor is applied to both sides of the substrate, which ensures uniform illumination on all sides.

Lamp with MCOB LEDs.

Plinth type

LED type lamps are available with a variety of types of socles:

1. E40. A great option designed to illuminate the street or illuminate buildings. Such a lighting device is quite large with a large number of built-in LEDs. This base makes it possible to install the product in any city lights. In addition, manufacturers have provided products with built-in lenses, which allows you to increase the illuminated angle up to 140 degrees. The base provides for threading.
2. E27. Quite a popular type of plinth. It is used in many apartments and industrial complexes. A similar base is suitable for screwing into cartridges previously designed for ordinary light bulbs. The power to be absorbed is typically in the range of 5-7 watts. The voltage considered to be working does not go beyond 240 V. A huge advantage is resistance to a wide range of temperature conditions (it freely withstands both +50 and -45). Thanks to this, equally successful installation of the lighting fixture indoors and outdoors is possible.
3. E14. No less popular than the previous lamp. It is used in lamps and resembles the image of a candle, has a low power, rarely exceeding 3 watts.Able to work for 12-15 years.
4. G13. The power of the bulbs does not exceed 24 watts. It is produced in the form of thin tubes for installation in offices and industrial complexes where there is a special need for high quality daylight.
5. G4. A small-sized variety of lighting fixtures, powered by a specialized power supply (12 V). It is used as lighting for boats or other types of watercraft. Installation is carried out in a reflector lamp.
6. G9. Fork-shaped plinth. This type of lamp has a power of 2 W, is small in size and is intended for illumination. It is often purchased for use as a backlight for stretch ceilings or in lamps.

Having familiarized yourself with the varieties of socles, you can be sure of the presence of a wide range of characteristics. When choosing a product, it is recommended to take into account the desired power of light fluxes and the type of cartridge available.

The best budget LED lamps

Inexpensive, but high-quality entry-level models are reliable and have a good service life.

IEK LLE-230-40

4.9

★★★★★
editorial score

95%
buyers recommend this product

The LED lamp with a large bulb housing illuminates the room with cold, neutral light with a color temperature of 4000 K. The luminous flux of 2700 lm is evenly distributed in all directions through a matte surface. The model is equipped with an E27 base for standard sockets of various types of lamps.

With a power consumption of 30 W, the illumination is equivalent to a 200 W incandescent lamp. Bright light allows you to see every detail even in a dark garage, warehouse or basement. The lamp works at a voltage of 230 V and does not overheat.The service life declared by the manufacturer is about 30,000 hours.

Pros:

• Bright lighting.
• White neutral light.
• Durability.
• Minimal heating during operation.
• Small power consumption.

Minuses:

Bright light can tire your eyes when used for a long time.

A powerful LED lamp will be an economical and safe alternative to halogens. The model is best suited for creating maximum illumination in the territory of retail premises, warehouses, utility rooms or outdoor areas.

ERA B0027925

4.8

★★★★★
editorial score

92%
buyers recommend this product

An energy-saving filament lamp in the form of a candle is installed in a luminaire with an E14 base. With an energy input of 5 W, the lamp produces a luminous flux of 490 lm with a color temperature of 2700 K - just like a conventional 40 W lamp. Yes, and filamentary LEDs look very similar to the usual incandescent filament, but much more economical.

"Candle" has a diameter of 37 and a height of 100 mm. Matte translucent surface evenly scatters light in all directions. The model is durable - about 30,000 hours, as well as resistant to voltage drops from 170 to 265 V.

Pros:

• Low level of power consumption.
• Filament LEDs.
• Resistant to voltage drops.
• Long service life.

Minuses:

Not the highest brightness.

The lamp emits a pleasant warm light and does not tire your eyesight. The model is suitable for most night lamps and lampshades. The low power consumption and low operating temperature of the bulb ensure safe operation in decorative lighting fixtures.

REV 32262 7

4.8

★★★★★
editorial score

90%
buyers recommend this product

Economical LED lamp in the form of a ball with a diameter of 45 mm looks very similar to a conventional one and is approximately comparable in size. The model can be used in all luminaires for E27 base.

Warm light with a color temperature of 2700 K is diffused through a frosted bulb. A 5W output is equivalent to a 40W incandescent bulb. The light bulb works smoothly at temperatures from -40 to +40°C, which allows it to be used outdoors in cases where lighting power is not very important.

Weak heating during operation increases the safety of using the model in night lamps and under plastic lampshades. The service life specified by the manufacturer is about 30,000 hours.

Pros:

• Compactness.
• Nice warm glow.
• Low temperature resistant.
• Sturdy round flask.

Minuses:

Gives weak light.

An inexpensive model with a warm and non-irritating glow is convenient for domestic use and allows you to create comfortable lighting near a coffee table or bed.

Osram LED Star 550lm, GX53

4.8

★★★★★
editorial score

89%
buyers recommend this product

The LED lamp in the form of a tablet disk with a diameter of 75 mm is used in ceiling lamps and directional light fixtures. It puts out 7W of power, which is equivalent to a 50-60W incandescent light bulb. The glow angle is 110°.

The model is designed to illuminate the space with warm white light. The luminous flux reaches 550 lm. The lamp is connected to the GX53 luminaire connector using two special pins.

The operating temperature of the model does not exceed +65 °C. This allows you to safely use the lighting fixture. The light bulb itself can work up to 15,000 hours.

Pros:

• Easy to install and replace.
• directional light.
• Weak heating.
• Profitability.

Minuses:

Due to its shape, the lamp does not fit all fixtures.

This model has a fairly wide scope, despite the non-standard shape. It is suitable for lighting retail outlets, places of recreation and entertainment, as well as a decorative element in the apartment.

Filament

Recently, filament lamps have become very popular. This is the same LED, only it looks like a simple incandescent bulb when turned on.

This is precisely its feature and advantage, which is widely used in open fixtures.

For example, if we are talking about crystal chandeliers, then when using an ordinary LED lamp in it, because of its matte surface, the crystal will not “play” and will not shimmer. It shines and reflects light only with a directed beam.

In this case, the chandelier does not look very rich. The use of filament in them reveals all the advantages and all the beauty of such a lamp.

These are all the main types of lighting lamps widely used in an apartment and a residential building. Choose the option you need according to the above characteristics and recommendations, and equip your home correctly and comfortably.

Types of LEDs Used

Additionally, fixtures differ from each other in the type of diodes installed in the lamp housing.

Indicator LED elements are considered obsolete and are extremely rare in everyday life. The quality of the output light output and the overall safety of these products fall short of the requirements accepted today.

SMD chips are among the most common and most widely used type.The minimum size and weak basic heating of the working elements make SMD lamps the most attractive among analogues.

Their use has no restrictions and is allowed in any systems and conditions.

The only disadvantage of SMD-type diodes is their small size. Because of this, you need to mount them in a light bulb in large quantities, and this is not always convenient and expedient.

Units operating on high-power diodes of 1.3 and 5 W are in some situations very productive.

But the high level of heating during operation and the problematic organization of the correct heat removal from a small case significantly reduce their popularity.

If there are any problems in the light bulb, it is not necessary to immediately run to the store and demand an exchange or a refund. Simple problems are easily fixed at home, even by craftsmen who do not have much experience in such a plan.

COB diodes are an innovative chip manufacturing technology. It is being developed very actively. Due to the direct mounting of diodes on the board, heat dissipation increases several times, and the overall reliability of the device increases.

Thanks to an improved optical system, the light stream spreads more evenly and creates a pleasant background glow in the room.

Filament is a progressive type of chip invented in 2013-2014 by a group of scientists. Designed exclusively for lighting.

It is fully used for arranging original and unusual decorative lighting for domestic and industrial premises for various purposes.

A filament-type light bulb has all the useful features of LED sources.It looks stylish and attractive, lasts a long time, consumes a minimum amount of energy and provides uniform illumination of the room within a 360 ° radius.

Provides in the room a spectrum of light that is pleasant for the human eye, similar in characteristics to the effect of burning a traditional incandescent lamp. By this parameter, it is several times superior to similar products of SDM and COB type.

It is sold at a reasonable price in company stores and is considered a practical option for an economical light source.

How to determine the required brightness of a light bulb

The first step is to determine the normative illumination of the room. This information is taken from the relevant joint ventures (formerly SNiP). Further, it is not difficult to determine the brightness of the led-lamp for the room.

Here are some typical examples:

• bathroom, toilet require illumination of 50 lux;
• living room - 150 suites;
• office - from 300 to 500 suites.

Next, a correction factor for the height of the ceiling is introduced. At a height of 2.5 - 2.7 meters, the coefficient is equal to one. When the ceiling is higher, then the value will be 1.2, or 1.5 or 2 - on the rise.

The next step is to convert lux to lumens, the luminous flux of the lamp is indicated in them. The value obtained in the previous paragraph must be multiplied by the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room in meters. You will get a luminous flux that one or more lamps should emit (in the latter case, the result must be divided by their number). This value is specified in the technical specification.

An example of how to choose a light bulb for a home by brightness for an area of ​​25 sq.m with a ceiling height of 3 meters:

• choose the standard level of illumination - 150 lux;
• we enter a correction factor of 1.2 - we get 180 lux;
• we multiply 180 by an area of ​​25 sq.m - we get the required luminous flux of 4500 lumens.

Such a flow for an apartment can be provided by one powerful lamp of 4500 lm or 5 medium lamps of 900 lm each. It is incorrect to choose the required number of lighting fixtures by power, because the luminous flux (unlike the "Ilyich's light bulb") at the same power depends on the design of the lamp.