Do-it-yourself video surveillance for a private house: design + installation rules

What else do you need besides a camera?

Analog or wired video surveillance has a standard set. Video cameras are required (if there are several), a recorder with the number of channels corresponding to the number of cameras, cable or twisted pairas well as the power supply.

A DVR is needed in order to organize video recording, have access to archives, and also be able to customize the interface to suit your needs. It requires an additional hard drive to store video.

An ordinary home PC can act as a server, respectively, it will store the received information on its hard disk.

Video surveillance for a private house: the composition of the system

After you have decided on the tasks and the number of cameras, you can select the rest of the equipment. Required:

1. Outdoor and indoor video cameras (with or without infrared illumination).
2. DVR. A device for receiving and recording images from cameras. The number of channels is equal to (or greater than) the number of cameras.
3. Hard disk (memory size depends on how many days you need to store information).
4. Camera power supply (selected depending on power consumption).

Security video surveillance for the home: the composition of the equipment

This is what without video surveillance for a private house cannot exist. True, you can do without a hard drive. When using IP cameras, you can organize the sending of information to one of the cloud servers (if you have a stationary dedicated IP address). But for free, you can store a small amount of information on them, and to increase it, you need to purchase additional space. But there is always the possibility of access to the archive and there is no danger that intruders breaking into the house will take away the hard drive with information, which makes video surveillance for a private house useless.

The main thing is to correctly place the cameras and determine their parameters

In addition, you will need some materials for installation:

• To connect the cameras, you will need a twisted pair with transceivers or a coaxial cable.
• Cable for power connection (ShVVP or PVS).
• Platforms for installing cameras, a corrugated sleeve in which wires are laid, contactors for connecting wires, etc.).

This is a set of devices and materials so that you can make video surveillance for a private house with your own hands.

Additional elements of the system

There are several other devices that the system can exist without, but they make it more reliable (UPS) and more comfortable (monitor and modem). An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is the first thing to buy if your budget allows. It ensures the operation of the system during a power outage. It is selected depending on the power consumed by the system and the time of maximum shutdown. On this point, it is better not to save, and take reliable equipment.

Video surveillance system with Internet access and remote access to information

You may also need a monitor and a modem with the ability to transmit a signal over the Internet. The monitor allows you to view the image from the cameras in real time, and not just in the recording. A modem (ADSL router) is needed if you want to view pictures from cameras remotely - via the Internet.

Wired or wireless

Few people want to pull wires around the site to all devices. It makes you want to install a wireless video surveillance system for your house or cottage. But behind the ease of installation lies a very low reliability. Conventional devices that support this work at a small distance. In addition, the presence of any atmospheric phenomena - a thunderstorm, a storm, bursts in the sun, nearby devices that interfere with your range - can greatly affect or even interfere with the operation of the system.

If possible, it is better to pull the wires - more reliable

If you have even the slightest opportunity, it is better to consider wired systems. If you really can’t do anything with wires, look for reliable transceivers with a high signal level and a long range of reliable reception.

3 Surveillance planning is the first step towards home security

Before purchasing home security equipment, you need to think through the plan of the protected area in detail and answer several important questions. First of all, you should decide where is the best place to install the DVR? DVR is a mini-computer that will record the signal from installed cameras and broadcast it to multimedia devices - TV and smartphone. The DVR should be installed in a dry place with room temperature, it should be as remote as possible and hidden from the possible attention of intruders. This is the center of the security system and is very easy to disable.

Modern video surveillance security systems

Next, you should determine the territory that needs to be monitored using cameras, select the optimal installation height of such devices, the width of the horizontal angle and their total number. Professionals recommend placing cameras at the highest possible height, as well as choosing models with a narrow horizontal viewing angle, wide-angle lenses produce a picture of poorer quality, although they cover more territory. The number of installed cameras depends on the purpose of installing the surveillance system, as well as on the technical characteristics and capabilities of the used recorder. Modern DVRs have from 4 to 16 channels, that is, they allow the use of 4 to 16 surveillance cameras. It is better to buy a DVR with a slightly higher number of channels than the number of cameras installed, in which case you will be able to upgrade the installed system over time, add cameras and make your home even more secure.

Cameras used in home security networks can vary greatly in performance and design. There are devices on the market designed for mounting on walls and ceilings, for concealed installation, equipped with an electric motor for rotation, etc. The design of the cameras also determines the possible external conditions for their normal operation. The cheapest cameras can only work indoors, they are not able to withstand additional loads from high and low external temperatures.

It is very important to determine the distance from the cameras to the DVR. The length of the cables used for connection depends on the remoteness of the equipment.

Moreover, it is necessary to calculate the length of each cable with an additional distance. The wires cannot be simply stretched from the registrar to the cameras, they will need to be carefully laid along the walls, and preferably completely hidden behind the facing materials.

Modern security systems should provide the owner of the house with the opportunity to access images from cameras via the Internet at any time. It is best to use wired Internet providers for this, providing their customers with Internet via high-speed fiber optic or ADSL line. It is recommended to connect to the Internet, the speed of which is higher than 1 Mb / s, and with a static IP address.

It is necessary to determine in advance through which devices access to images from cameras is required. If you want to be able to monitor the area through your home TV, you should run an HDMI cable from the DVR to the TV.

In addition to the basic elements of a home security system, additional accessories may be required for its simple and quick installation:

• cable channels - special boxes for mounting wires on wall surfaces;
• lamps with motion sensors that will illuminate the area around the house, they will allow you to get a good picture even from simple cameras in the dark;
• IBS - an uninterruptible power supply for the operation of the security system during a power outage.

Common mistakes in organizing video surveillance

When connecting a video surveillance system to your home for the first time, as a rule, mistakes are very difficult to avoid. But it's worth trying.

Below we will talk about the most common mistakes that homeowners make:

Wrong calculations. This is the most common mistake that almost everyone who encounters installation of video surveillance for the first time makes. In order to avoid it, you need to correctly measure the distance from the cameras to the recorder, and based on this, select the type of cable. Only correct calculations guarantee a high-quality image and high baud rate.

Lack of food. The choice of power source has a significant impact on the smooth operation of recording devices. This is especially true for their work at night.

And if a DVR without the PoE function is included in the system, special attention should be paid to the power supply of the cameras.

The way information is stored. Everything is simple here, the more and longer you want to store information, the more hard disk space you need.

Modern devices are large. For example, 3000 GB discs can store 10-45 days of footage.

All these factors are important in the independent arrangement of a video surveillance system. Another common mistake is incorrect wiring.

With the independent organization of outdoor surveillance, it is worth remembering that it is desirable to avoid kinks in the coaxial cable, because. it is fraught with a broken wire

Another common mistake is incorrect wiring. With the independent organization of outdoor surveillance, it is worth remembering that it is desirable to avoid kinks in the coaxial cable, because. it is fraught with a broken wire

Wrong choice of system components and erroneous calculation of their quantity cannot guarantee the high quality of the work done.

You will learn how to equip private property with all types of devices for monitoring, controlling and managing equipment from the following article on equipping a home with intelligent technical systems.

7 Setting up home video surveillance correctly

After purchasing and placing all the necessary equipment, you should start connecting and configuring the system. All modern cameras are equipped with installation instructions from the manufacturer and all the necessary software, so we will only briefly describe the main points of their installation:

1. 1. Assemble the system and connect it via LAN. If there is no experience, you can use the services of specialists.
2. 2. Go to the Internet from the server and connect one installed camera to the LAN.
3. 3. become software.
4. 4. Turn on the software that will automatically find the camera and give you its MAC and IP address.
5. 5. Enter the received IP address into the search bar in any browser, which should lead to the opening of the camera's control panel. Here you can immediately see the picture from it.
6. 6. Install the remaining surveillance cameras one by one in the same way.

Now you can proceed to setting up remote access.For this, the standard software that comes with the camera is not enough, you will have to configure the equipment via the WAN interface - to create a connection between the server and the signal receiver. Usually, such work is beyond the power of an amateur, however, it is not worth asking for help from the first computer specialist who comes across an ad, it is better to use the services of professional companies that specialize in setting up video surveillance and guarantee confidentiality to their customers.

Modern IP cameras allow you to provide high-quality video surveillance in the house, however, special programs will be required to control the equipment.

One of the most popular home video management software is Ivideon. This is free software, which you need to download only from the official site. Do not use programs distributed on other resources. Free distribution of the program is good, but such software also has disadvantages, the main of which is a large number of glitches. It is best to use the program to control small systems with 1-2 cameras in an apartment or house.

The second popular program is WebcamXP. It has a free and paid version. In the free version, it can only be used for one camera, although the functionality is quite large. Using this software, for example, you can take screenshots from cameras after a certain amount of time: 0.5 s; 1 s; 2 s, etc.

You can use the multi-camera program for free for two months, then you have to pay.It allows you to plan the switching on and off of the installed equipment, adjust the image, change the path for saving the archive, download images from the recorder for the previous period.

The need to install video surveillance in a private house

Video surveillance in a private house is the main part of the security system

A full-fledged installation of video surveillance in a private house is a necessity, because the safety of property and the health of residents depends on its presence. In addition, cameras located near the building and on the site will help to obtain evidence in case of any illegal actions of third parties.

Most often, devices are installed on the street, for example, around the house, along the perimeter of the territory or near the gate.

The installation of cameras does not contradict the requirements of the law, if their viewing angles do not affect the neighbors' areas.

Required equipment

Some manufacturers already produce complete sets of wired and wireless video systems. Their price usually starts from 16,000 rubles. As a result, their cost is significantly higher than the price of equipment that can be purchased separately.

The easiest way is to independently install a video surveillance system in your house, apartment. This is not difficult to do if the user knows how to work with a computer.

The cost of equipment will not exceed 13,000-17,000 rubles. If it is necessary to install equipment in a country cottage, which is temporarily left without owners, then the installation and maintenance costs will increase.

To assemble a video monitoring system with your own hands, you have to purchase equipment and connecting links:

• video camera;
• network recorder or video server - PC;
• video storage;
• router (needed for ip-cameras, it is possible to organize remote access);
• radio frequency and electric cable;
• network cable of the fifth category with an rj45 connector;
• power unit;

When installing a video surveillance system yourself, it is recommended to use a DVR. However, a regular PC can replace it. Then you can mount network equipment and connect it to your computer using Wi-Fi.

Almost all wireless video cameras of the Cube category can record clips on storage cards - flash drives, micro SD and micro SDHC. The price of cubic cameras ranges from 4,900 to 31,000 rubles. List of technical budget funds:

• Video camera IP TRASSIR TR-D7111IR1W;
• IP HIKVISION HiWatch DS-I114, 720p;
• IP DIGMA DiVision 100, 720p, 2.8;
• IP DIGMA DiVision 400, 1080p, 2.8.

Expensive cameras:

• IP BEWARD BD4680DRZ, 3 - 9 (IP dome);
• IP BEWARD BD46C, 2.8 mm;
• IP HIKVISION DS-2CD2463G0-I, 4.

When connecting a video device wirelessly, you will need a router. For surveillance at home, you can use the cheap models listed above. It is not necessary to buy a dvr video recorder or use a PC instead, as the information can be stored in the cloud storage or on the flash drive of the video camera. This method does not require a static ip-address.

Let's take an example. In the "Line" system it is possible for 9000 rubles. rent storage in the cloud with installed software, a service of two hard drives with a total capacity of 1 terabyte, involving the creation of a mirror array reyd1, with a speed of 100 megabits per second, which is designed for 8 video cameras.

When calculating the resources of remote video monitoring, it is necessary to proceed from the disk memory of 300-1000 GB. This space is expected for a two-week archive.The speed is 10 megabits per second for each mounted video camera. There are many models for outdoor and indoor video monitoring in stores. The price for them starts from 1500 rubles. and is approximately equal to 2300-6000 rubles. for analog cameras AHD / TVI / CVI, digital equipment will be released in the range from 4500 to 18000 rubles.

Mounting equipment yourself is not always an easy procedure. If the user knows little about technology, does not know how to use it, then it is better for him to buy ready-made kits.

In addition to open-type cameras, hidden ones are sold - secret, camouflaged, miniature. Remember that the rules for their use are specified in Art. 138.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. On the territory of your own house, cottage, devices can be used, provided that a stranger does not fall into the field of view.

To mount hidden equipment in an office, trading floor, store, you must obtain the written consent of employees, and you will also need to notify visitors about the presence of hidden video monitoring. It is also strictly forbidden to conduct any surveillance in the toilet, locker room.

Features of installation of outdoor video surveillance system.

Prior to the installation of video recording equipment, it is necessary to assess the situation, determine the location of the equipment and lay a line for the passage of cables. For these purposes, a combined cable is best suited. It connects to the power supply and the DVR to transmit the received signal.

One of the recommendations of professionals would be to place the entire line of cables in a PVC box. The cable outlets will be hidden in the cable channels. Holes of the required diameter are drilled into them by means of a perforator.

Connection of video cameras must be carried out with strict observance of the instructions and the polarity of their connection.

It is possible to check the operability of the installed system and the settings of the main parameters of all equipment before the final fixing of all equipment. The power supply is connected to the electrical network. A voltage of 12 volts is transmitted to the cameras via a network cable.

When mounting the video recorder, it is necessary to securely fasten the bracket that acts as a holder and place the telephoto lens into it. When choosing a rotary mechanism, you should determine the viewing area and fix the device in the desired position. Video cameras should be installed in places where it will be very difficult to damage them and access to them will be limited.

A few words at the end

Video surveillance in our time is becoming more and more a necessity than a whim, because everyone wants to protect themselves and their property. To create such a system is within the power of every person at least a little familiar with a computer. For its arrangement, you can invite specialists, use a ready-made kit with instructions or purchase equipment separately, customizing the system to your needs and capabilities. If our article was useful for you, then rate it and share your opinion in the comment form.

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Do-it-yourself video surveillance system installation

The process of installing a video surveillance system consists of installation work (laying cables and mounting cameras) and setting up equipment.

Video camera installation

To organize video surveillance in a private house or country house, it is best to choose one of the ready-made kits, which are presented in abundance from the sellers of this equipment. You should first decide on the type of cameras and the viewing angle, depending on their location. Next, the cable is laid to each camera. Then you need to install video elements that have special mounts.

For mounting cameras, special brackets are used, which are usually included in the kit.

Installation of a video camera includes the following stages of work:

1. Drilling holes. It is necessary to drill several (three or more) holes according to a special template, which is in the box with the video camera.

2. Mounting the camera with a bracket. For outdoor devices, special brackets are used, for indoor devices, the attachment points are simpler. Depending on the type and weight of the camera, it is mounted together with a bracket or each element is installed separately.

3. Junction box installation. A junction box is attached next to the camera, in which the wires are switched.

4. Connecting cables and assembling the junction box.

Video: security camera - overview and installation

Camera settings

After installation and connection of the cable, the equipment is configured. The main steps in this process are as follows:

1. Turn on the camera and get a video image on the monitor.

2. Image adjustment. To direct the camera to the desired area, you need to adjust its position.To do this, the camera is rotated in the desired direction using the hinges on the bracket. Additionally, set the required zoom level by adjusting the focal length in the same way as on the camera (not all cameras have this function).

3. Programming settings. This work is carried out in a room where video recording equipment is installed. The settings are set using a special program that can be downloaded from the manufacturer's website. All the necessary instructions are there.

Peculiarities

So, if the decision is made, then it is necessary to carefully approach the implementation of the plan.

It is important to clarify a few points

• The location where the equipment will be installed.
• legality of the installation. This is a particularly delicate moment in communal apartments, with shares and owners, tenants and landlords. You need to be completely sure that there will be no problems with the law and cohabitants.

Let's consider the first question. The optimal location of cameras in apartments is almost the same as in private houses. Only redevelopment, a smaller area and materials used in construction can “put spokes in the wheels” when installing cameras in preferred places.

It is recommended that all elements of the camera be carefully disguised to avoid detection by intruders. However, everything is not so simple with this - we will talk about this in more detail in the second paragraph on legality.

Nevertheless, there are certain places where it is rational to install a video surveillance camera in an apartment. These include:

• any interior items with decor, design details;
• sockets, switches;
• all lighting fixtures - both wall and floor;
• dropped ceilings;
• door and window panels, sashes, door tops;
• frames from paintings and works of art;
• locks and openings of sufficient size.

There are also a huge number of cameras on the market, made as imitations of household items or furniture, copies of various paintings and vases, with an installed surveillance device. It should be noted that in most cases such a recording cannot serve as evidence in court, since it was obtained from an open video surveillance system.

Now the replacement of optical eyes with electronic ones, with the possibility of tracking, is gaining particular popularity. They have a wide range of capabilities and compete with popular video intercoms. And they really are not inferior to them in the ability to record video and audio according to set dates and times, the movement or activation of a person in the surveillance zone. Many models have a GSM module in the kit and send a text message if there are uninvited guests in the apartment.

Now let's move on to the legal side. This is a very difficult question, since the installation of a device can be attracted as a violation of the right to private property, the right to freedom of movement, an invasion of privacy, for example, if it is a communal apartment. We are all sure that camera recordings will help us in case of a robbery, some controversial domestic or personal situations.