How to make a wind generator with your own hands

Varieties of electricity generators

Usually a home-made generator at home is made on the basis of an asynchronous motor, magnetic, steam, wood-fired.

Option #1 - asynchronous generator

The device will be able to generate a voltage of 220-380 V, based on the performance of the selected motor.

To assemble such a generator, you only need to start an asynchronous motor by connecting capacitors to the windings.

The generator based on an asynchronous motor synchronizes itself, starts the rotor windings with a constant magnetic field.

The motor is equipped with a rotor with a three-phase or single-phase winding, cable entry, short-circuit device, brushes, control sensor

If the rotor is of a squirrel-cage type, then the windings are excited using the residual magnetization force.

Option # 2 - device with magnets

For a magnetic generator, a collector, step (synchronous brushless) motor and others are suitable.

Winding with a large number of poles increases the efficiency. In comparison with the classical circuit (where the efficiency is 0.86), the 48-pole winding allows you to make the generator power more

During the assembly process, the magnets are mounted on a rotating axis and installed in a rectangular coil. The latter generates an electrostatic field during the rotation of the magnets.

Option #3 - steam generator

For a steam generator, a furnace with a water circuit is used. The device works due to the thermal energy of steam and turbine blades.

To make a steam generator yourself, you will need a furnace with a water (cooling) circuit

It is a closed system with a massive, non-mobile plant requiring control and a cooling circuit to convert the steam into water.

Option # 4 - wood burning device

For a wood-burning generator, stoves are used, including camping ones. Peltier elements are fixed to the walls of the furnaces and the structure is placed in the radiator housing.

The principle of operation of the generator is as follows: when the surface of the conductor plates is heated on one side, the other is cooled.

To make a wood-fired generator yourself, you can use any stove. The generator is powered by Peltier elements that heat and cool the conductor plates.

An electric current appears at the poles of the plates. The greatest difference between the temperatures of the plates provides the generator with maximum power.

The unit is more efficient at sub-zero temperatures.

Homemade wind generator: advantages and disadvantages

Installing a wind turbine may be necessary if electricity is not supplied to your site, there are constant interruptions in the power grid, or you want to save on electricity bills. The windmill can be purchased, or you can make your own.

A homemade wind generator has the following advantages:

• It allows you to save money on the purchase of a factory device, because the manufacture is most often made from improvised parts;
• Ideal for your needs and operating conditions, because you calculate the power of the device yourself, taking into account the density and strength of the wind in your area;
• It harmonizes better with the design of the house and landscape design, because the appearance of the windmill depends only on your imagination and skills.

The disadvantages of home-made devices include their unreliability and fragility: home-made products are often made from old engines from household appliances and cars, so they quickly fail. However, in order for the wind turbine to be efficient, it is necessary to correctly calculate the power of the device.

Advantages of a homemade generator

Much lower energy costs are far from the only plus of using a wind generator. There are a number of advantages that determine the choice of a master:

1. A large number of available video tutorials on how to work with a detailed description of each stage. As models for work, you can use pictures and diagrams of a wind generator.
2. Available materials for the manufacture of the generator (an old metal container, tool kits, a battery can be found in the household of every zealous owner). A high-quality wind generator can be made with your own hands from a car generator.
3. To date, a number of models are known, the principle of operation of which is strikingly different from each other.
4. Small buildings on the site do not violate the regulations of the legislative framework, but at the same time they can provide energy for most of the household appliances in the house, garden, economic zone.

In terms of independent work, wind generators are easier to build than water models.

Photo example of assembling a windmill in steps

Consider an example of the construction of a 24 V windmill assembled on the basis of a car generator. Homemade begins to work stably with a wind force of 5 m / s. In medium windy weather with gusts from 15 m/s, the unit delivers from 8 to 11 A; on days with strong winds, the efficiency increases. Power not more than 300 watts.

In fact, all the work has been done, it remains to connect the disparate components of a useful installation in everyday life:

A do-it-yourself installation develops 24 V, it can be used to charge the batteries of mobile equipment and to supply energy to the lighting line with energy-saving lamps.

Pre-Installation Options

The high-quality operation of the device is the key to successfully providing a summer house or a house with electrical energy, and, therefore, a reasonable investment of the forces and means of the master.

Before installing the generator, it is necessary to evaluate a number of parameters, both from the side of the installation itself, and from the side of the place of the intended installation of the structure.

An analysis of the condition of the soil and nearby buildings is mandatory.There should be no devices near the wind generator that can be easily damaged by the blades.

The area with the installation located on it must be protected from children and sudden guests. From the side of a home-made wind generator, the following characteristics are subject to assessment:

• Mast height (we are talking about a legislative issue).
• The dimensions of the blades, their device.
• The power of the device. Wind generators can be used even for a small private house.
• Noise from a working structure.
• Security for air frequencies.

The technical condition of all component parts is necessarily assessed for the integrity, safety, serviceability of each element. Optimal work can be carried out by first drawing up instructions and a plan diagram of how to do it. do-it-yourself wind generator.

How to make a wind generator with your own hands

Buying a factory wind turbine is not always the best solution. The main obstacle is the high cost of industrial windmills. Such equipment can not be installed in every area - a special permit is required to install the mast, and it is dangerous to leave the equipment in an uninhabited place. An alternative option is to make a wind generator for a private house with your own hands. In many cases, this is acceptable, given the minimal cost and opportunity to express yourself creatively.

A rotary wind generator is a relatively simple converting device. It will not be enough to fully provide the mansion with electricity, but a home-made windmill will be enough for a small country house. He will be able to illuminate the house, outbuildings, paths on the site, etc.

Wiring diagrams

Autonomous provision of the object (with batteries). The facility is powered only by a wind turbine.

Wind generator (with batteries) and switching to the network.
AVR allows you to switch the power of the object in the absence of wind and the batteries are completely discharged to the mains. The same scheme can be used vice versa - a wind generator as a backup power source. In this case, the ATS switches you to the batteries of the wind generator in case of loss of mains power.

Wind generator (with batteries) and standby diesel (gasoline) generator. In the absence of wind and the discharge of batteries, the standby generator is automatically started.

Wind generator (without batteries) and switching with the network. The public power grid is used instead of batteries - all the generated electricity goes into it and is consumed from it. You pay only for the difference between the generated and consumed electricity. Such a scheme of work is not yet allowed in Ukraine and in many other countries.

Varieties

According to the location of the generator, this unit can be:

Horizontal design. In this device, the axis of rotation is parallel to the ground, and the plane of the blades is perpendicular. This allows free rotation around a vertical axis.
The principle of operation of vertical generators is to change the direction of the wind, which affects the tail plane, so the axis of rotation of the generator will be located along the air flow vector

Attention! A problem in using horizontal generators is the connection of power cables, as the wires can wind around the mast and break. However, this problem can also be solved by setting a limiter.

vertical design

In this embodiment, the axis of rotation of the shaft is perpendicular to the ground, which allows the device not to depend on the direction of the wind. The advantage of this installation is that its drawings are freely available from the technical literature. The generator itself does not require the installation of rotation limiters, as in horizontal structures.

An effective rotary type installation for a private house: what can be assembled from?

An installation of this type is designed to provide electricity to a garden house, outbuildings and highlight the territory at night. For the manufacture of a rotary wind turbine with a maximum power of 1.5 kW, a number of devices will be required:

• 12 V generator;
• helium or acid battery 12 V .;
• semi-hermetic switch-button for 12 V;
• converter 700 → 1500 W and 12 → 220 V.;
• automobile relay of a control lamp of a charge or charging of the accumulator;
• voltmeter;
• grinder or scissors for metal;
• drill.

Also additionally needed will be:

• large capacity stainless steel or aluminum container;
• bolts with nuts and washers;
• wires with a cross section of 4 mm2 and 2.5 mm2;
• clamps for fixing the generator on the mast;
• pencil or marker;
• tape measure, wire cutters, drill, wrenches, screwdriver.

Advantages and disadvantages of a rotary windmill model

The advantages of a rotary model of a wind generator are:

• profitability;
• elements are easily replaceable and can be easily repaired in case of breakage;
• lack of special working conditions;
• reliability in operation;
• fairly quiet operation.

There are also disadvantages:

• windmill performance is not very large;
• A wind generator is highly dependent on sudden gusts of wind, which can even cause the propeller to stall.

Single phase and three phase

• Single-phase generators under load emit vibrational oscillations, the cause of which is the difference in current amplitude.
• Three-phase generators do not emit vibrational vibrations, which increases the acoustic comfort during their operation. This allows the generator to work almost silently, besides, the less vibration, the longer it will last.

As you can see, when comparing both types of generators, the three-phase form has the best characteristics.

We make a windmill with our own hands

1. Wind turbine blades

The wind wheel is the most significant structural element of the device. It converts wind force into mechanical energy. Thus, the selection of all other elements depends on its structure.

The most common and effective types of blades are sail and vane. For the manufacture of the first option, it is necessary to fix a sheet of material on the axis, placing it at an angle to the wind flow. However, during rotational movements, such a blade will have significant aerodynamic resistance. In addition, it will increase with an increase in the attacking angle, which reduces the effectiveness of their functioning.

The second type of blades works with higher productivity - winged ones.In their outlines, they resemble the wing of an aircraft, and the costs of the friction force are reduced to a minimum. This type of wind turbine has a high utilization rate of wind energy at low material costs.

The blades can be made from plastic or plastic pipe as it will be more productive than wood. The most efficient is the wind wheel structure with a diameter of two meters and six blades.

2. Wind turbine generator

The most acceptable option for wind generating equipment is a converting asynchronous generating mechanism with alternating current. Its main advantages are low cost, ease of acquisition and breadth of distribution of models, the possibility of re-equipment and excellent operation at low speeds.

It can be transformed into a permanent magnet generator. Studies have shown that such a device can be operated at low speeds, but quickly loses efficiency at high speeds.

3. Wind turbine mount

To fix the blades to the casing of the generator, it is necessary to use the head of the wind turbine, which is a steel disk with a thickness of up to 10 mm. Six metal strips with holes are welded to it for attaching the blades to them. The disk itself is attached to the generating mechanism using bolts with locknuts.

Since the generating device is able to withstand maximum loads, including from gyroscopic forces, it must be firmly fixed.On the device, the generator is installed on one side, for this the shaft must be connected to the body, which looks like a steel element with threaded holes for screwing onto the generator axis of the same diameter.

For the production of a support frame for wind-generating equipment, on which all other elements will be placed, it is necessary to use a metal plate with a thickness of up to 10 mm or a piece of a beam of the same dimensions.

4. Wind turbine swivel

The rotary mechanism provides rotational movements of the windmill around a vertical axis. Thus, it makes it possible to turn the device in the direction of the wind. For its manufacture, it is better to use roller bearings, which more effectively perceive axial loads.

5. Current receiver

The pantograph functions to reduce the likelihood of twisting and breaking the wires coming from the generator on the windmill. It contains in its design a sleeve made of insulating material, contacts and brushes. To create protection from weather phenomena, the contact nodes of the current receiver must be closed.