How to determine gas consumption: a technique for measuring and calculating fuel consumption

Content

How to set the gas flow
One counter or several?
Features of mounting the accounting device
Fuel consumption table for VAZ brands.
Acceptable fuel consumption at VAZ!
What can cause an increased consumption of VAZ?
What does the program for calculating fuel consumption look like?
Type of gas used
The main factors affecting gas consumption
Boiler power
Outdoor temperature
Technical condition of heat exchangers
Availability of additional functions
The specifics of the factory determination of fuel consumption
Average consumption calculator
What determines the fuel consumption of a car
Gas consumption rate
Indirect measurement methods
Gas flow measurement by differential pressure
Speed method for determining costs
Ultrasonic measuring method
Installation price of HBO 2nd generation
Fuel cost control by satellite tracking system

How to set the gas flow

Those who are interested in how to determine the gas consumption in a car should use the formula. For calculation, it is necessary to use the energy per unit volume for different types of raw materials. For example, propane has 6100 kcal/l, propane-butane has 11872 kcal/l, and gasoline has 7718 kcal/l. By comparing this parameter, we can see the difference.

Those who do not have the same parameter in different seasons cannot understand how to calculate gas consumption for a car in winter.Naturally, more fuel is needed in cold weather, since pressure increases due to temperature indicators. It is also worth noting that it is best if in the winter the tank is not completely filled, and there is room in it - about a tenth. It should also be taken into account that there is a summer and winter gas mixture.

The same numbers indicate that the device is not functioning correctly, and in the future it may happen that the valves burn out. For this reason, it is necessary to monitor fuel consumption, and if problems are suspected, send the car for inspection by specialists.

One counter or several?

It would seem that the answer is obvious. Two counters require additional financial costs for installation, design and purchase of the device itself. On the other hand, the presence of a second meter is justified if, in addition to the gas stove, other equipment that runs on blue fuel is used in the house. At the same time, the difference in average gas consumption is very large and metering devices are not able to cover such a range. It will either not capture the minimum performance (0.3 m³ / h), or will not cope with high loads (more than 7-8 m³ / h). And then the second meter becomes a necessity.

The choice of suitable meters depends on the maximum (not minimum) power of household appliances. Metering devices have a special marking that helps you choose a device with the most suitable operating parameters. A meter marked G1.6 or G2.5 is suitable for a stove, and a meter marked G4 or more will count the gas consumption of a boiler and a geyser.

Important: if, in addition to the stove, a double-circuit boiler is used, and not two separate devices for heating and water heating, a second meter will not be needed

Features of mounting the accounting device

The rules for installing a gas meter are very simple - only a specialist should perform these works. Its tasks include:

Choice of installation location of the meter. It should be borne in mind that the meter must be located at a certain distance from the heating elements and be available for taking readings, performing installation and dismantling work;
Direct installation of the counter;
Sealing of the metering device.
Installed gas meter

Fuel consumption table for VAZ brands.

The table describes the average costs for different brands of VAZ. Fuel consumption is presented in three types - urban, highway consumption and mixed (average) fuel consumption. All data on fuel consumption is from the manufacturer of VAZ cars. For almost all brands of VAZ cars, fuel consumption does not exceed 10 liters per 100 kilometers, with the exception of the carbureted Niva.

Brand VAZ

Power, hp

Average fuel consumption VAZ

liter/100 km

120 km/h=10

120 km/h=9.8

Acceptable fuel consumption at VAZ!

The car is given good dynamism and acceptable consumption thanks to its reliable engine. VAZ has an affordable price for both new and old cars. Old VAZ brands are acceptable to most people. The new VAZ engine demonstrates extreme efficiency, thanks to which the car has low fuel consumption and the level of harmful emissions into the atmosphere is reduced.

VAZ - the average quality of cars, affordable price and acceptable fuel consumption.

What can cause an increased consumption of VAZ?

1. Increased VAZ fuel consumption is observed in cars with a worn engine. High piston wear will increase fuel consumption of any VAZ brand. Wear is determined by measuring the compression in the VAZ engine block.If the compression is low, the piston needs to be replaced (rings, piston, block bore).

2. Increased consumption is influenced by coolant temperature, throttle position, mass air flow and detonation sensors.

3. High fuel consumption in VAZ cars is observed when the accelerator drive malfunctions, the alignment is set correctly, and the tire pressure decreases.

What does the program for calculating fuel consumption look like?

In a simplified form, it is a window in which cells are placed for entering such information:

number of kilometers
consumption rate per 100 or 1 km
Possibility of one-way or round-trip billing
fuel cost (not always)

This kind of software allows you to calculate the amount of fuel and the cost of the trip.

There are also online services that can calculate fuel consumption - a calculator. Of course, they are designed mainly for motorists. It is enough to enter the values in the calculator windows, it will give the required amount of fuel for the trip. You can use this service on our website.

Fuel consumption calculators include:

1C: Vehicle management Standard
automated calculation using EXCEL
software products based on MS Access, for example "Vehicle waybill"
Fuel Manager for Android and iOS devices

Type of gas used

It is impossible to calculate fuel consumption without taking into account the type of gas, since it directly affects this indicator. Most installations run on a propane-butane mixture, and it is spent an order of magnitude more than methane.The reasons are hidden in the properties of the gas itself. Propane is used in liquid form, while methane is used in compressed form. The octane numbers of both options are approximately equal.

Starting to calculate the feasibility of the installation, it should be taken into account that methane is also sold at an order of magnitude cheaper. But the difference is usually leveled in service. In addition, there are not so many points where methane refueling is offered; propane is more widely used at gas stations.

The main factors affecting gas consumption

A powerful gas boiler in a small room will consume a lot of fuel

To determine the fuel consumption, it is necessary to take into account the ambient air temperature, the power of the unit, the technical characteristics of the fuel itself, the general condition of the heat exchanger, as well as additional functions of the equipment.

Boiler power

A large boiler will consume more gas. Moreover, it will not be possible to reduce losses. If a 20 kW machine is installed in the house, even with minimal system heating, it uses more fuel than low power equipment at maximum. In order not to overpay for heating, you need to choose a device in accordance with the size of the residential building and the need for additional functions.

Outdoor temperature

In this case, the gas flow depends on the power control. If the winter is relatively warm, the boiler can be set to 1 or 2, reducing the flow. If frosts reach -20 degrees, then the power of the device increases, it will consume more fuel.

Technical condition of heat exchangers

A heat exchanger clogged with scale takes longer to warm up, more fuel is spent on maintaining the temperature

The heat carrier is heated in a heat exchanger - a copper pipeline, which is located in the combustion chamber of the boiler or outside it. If this element is made of low-quality material, clogged with combustion products or limescale, its heat transfer deteriorates. To compensate for the decrease in heating, you will have to add power to the boiler, which will significantly increase fuel consumption.

Availability of additional functions

In this case, the flow rate depends on the number of heating circuits. The double-circuit unit consumes more gas, since in addition to heating the radiators, it performs the function of providing the house with hot water. The total length of the wiring may increase. Such boilers can be used not only in winter, but also in summer. In order for the device to work smoothly in cold weather, the throughput of the nozzles in it is increased.

The specifics of the factory determination of fuel consumption

Most car manufacturers measure the fuel consumption of their products on special power take-off stands. During measurements, the vehicle driven by automation spins the drums of the stand with its driving wheels. For such testing, fuel close to the ideal is used. No additional electrical appliance of the machine is included. There is no air resistance, since the car under study is not moving. Therefore, such testing has little to do with reality. It only allows you to compare the fuel consumption of different cars. A calculator that, based on the results of such a test, calculates the real consumption, has not yet been made.

Average consumption calculator

It is not so difficult to calculate the nominal gas consumption for the past heating period. You only need to take monthly readings of the meter.After the end of the season, summarize the monthly readings. Then calculate the arithmetic mean.

If you need to find out the nominal values \u200b\u200bat the design stage of a house, or when choosing an efficient, but at the same time economical heating equipment, you will have to use the formulas.

When arranging autonomous heating of a country cottage or apartment, averaged parameters are used when determining heat loss

To obtain approximate calculations, the specific heat consumption is determined in two ways:

Focusing on the total volume of heated rooms. Depending on the region, 30-40 watts are allocated for heating one cubic meter.
According to the general quadrature of the building. They take as a basis that 100 W of heat is spent on heating each square of the area of rooms, the height of the walls in which reaches an average of 3 meters. When determining the value, they are also guided by the region of residence: for southern latitudes - 80 W / m2, for northern ones - 200 W / m2.

The main criterion, which is necessarily guided in the calculations, is the necessary thermal power to provide conditions for high-quality space heating and replenish its heat losses.

The basis of technological calculations is an average proportion, at which 1 kW of thermal energy is spent per 10 squares of area. But it should be borne in mind that such an averaged approach, although convenient, is still not sufficiently capable of reflecting the real conditions of your building, taking into account the climatic region of its location.

Using a simplified calculation method, it is taken as a basis that heating 10 square meters of a private house requires 1 kW of thermal power generated by the generator

Having correctly calculated the estimated fuel consumption, you can clarify for yourself what measures should be taken to reduce its consumption. As a result - to reduce the item of regular payments for the consumed "blue fuel".

What determines the fuel consumption of a car

The cost of fuel in the operation of a car depends on a number of reasons, which can be conditionally divided into auto-operational and technical.

Auto operational reasons:

The determining factors are the size of the engine and the type of vehicle. Even passenger cars differ from each other in size and shape of the body, load capacity. Executive cars with a larger volume of internal combustion engines consume more fuel than a compact 5-seater passenger car. Accordingly, trucks also differ in size and carrying capacity.
The nature of driving. If the driver brakes sharply or pulls away, then more fuel will be spent than with smooth control of the vehicle.
Fuel consumption is affected by climatic conditions and terrain. In winter, fuel costs increase by 10%. When driving in mountainous terrain, fuel consumption also increases due to the fact that climbing requires more load on the engine.
fuel properties. They must meet the requirements declared by the engine manufacturer, despite the fact that the A95 releases more energy than, for example, the A92.

Good to know: hard driving with the so-called "spin" is fraught with accidents and penalties.

Technical reasons why the consumption of gasoline and diesel is increasing:

Faulty oxygen sensor.You can check this node through computer diagnostics, or by measuring the concentration of carbon monoxide. Sensor malfunctions cause the injection system to start supplying more gasoline than required.
Problem spark plugs. If there are defects in the working candles, gasoline burns out partially or does not burn out at all. This leads to a loss of ICE power and an increase in fuel consumption.
Clogged filters (fuel, oil, air) increase the load on the engine.
Increased idle speed with incorrect adjustment also leads to excessive fuel consumption.
Compression in the combustion chambers that does not meet the specified requirements entails a decrease in engine power.
Faulty high-voltage wires cause incomplete combustion of the combustible mixture. As a result, engine power drops and requires more fuel.

It has also been noticed that a faulty automatic transmission increases fuel consumption by about 10 percent. Injection injection systems use less fuel than carburetor systems.

Please note: fuel consumption is increased by devices that consume electricity: climate control equipment, radio, power steering and others.

But it is unlikely that the car owner will give up comfort and pleasure for the sake of saving a few grams of gasoline.

Gas consumption rate

How much fuel the car will “eat” after installing HBO, even the most experienced specialist will not say, since this indicator is influenced by a large number of factors. Even the terrain, evenness of roads, climatic conditions, depreciation of transport are not discounted. To a greater extent, the design of the car itself and the selected type of installation affect the consumption. The following standards have been established:

Methane - 10-12 liters per 100 km.
Propane - 11-13 liters per 100 km.

The difference is small, but it is believed that the first type of fuel is more economical. It should be understood that the standard is rather vague, since it is impossible to set it with high accuracy one for all cars.

The class of the car, the volume of its propulsion system, serviceability and manufacturer should be taken into account. The technical documentation usually indicates an indicator calculated for gasoline, it can be taken into account, but do not assume that the same amount of gas should be consumed

Indirect measurement methods

These methods involve calculating, for example, the flow rate of a substance through a given cross-sectional area. To obtain the most accurate results, it is necessary to equalize the gas velocity.

Gas flow measurement by differential pressure

One of the most common and studied methods of gas flow, based on the use of a restriction device, has several advantages, including the simplicity of the flow transducer mechanism, which is aimed at measuring the pressure drop of a substance flowing through a local restriction in a gas pipeline. For carrying out calculations, flow meters are not required.

Despite the presence of a complete scientific and technical base, this measurement method has several significant drawbacks - a small measurement range, which, even taking into account multi-limit pressure sensors, does not exceed 1:10.

Standard converging devices are produced according to a special technology, with high requirements for roughness. They can only be used on smooth pipelines.

Hydraulic resistances in gas pipelines increase the sensitivity to the graph of changes in average velocities over depth or width of the flow at the inlet to the orifice.The length of the straight sections in front of the narrowing devices must be at least 10 diameters Du of the pipe structure.

Speed method for determining costs

For this method, turbine-type converters are used. These devices have several advantages, including small size and weight, affordable price in their category.

These devices are not sensitive to pneumatic shocks. The interval of flow measurement values is up to 1:30, which significantly exceeds the same indicator for narrowing devices.

TPR turbine flow converter can be used in an environment at temperatures from -200 to +200 °C, if the device is installed for non-aggressive and single-phase cryogenic liquids. For aggressive liquids, the indicator will be from minus 60 to +50 ° С

The disadvantages include the sensitivity, albeit insignificant, to flow distortions at the inlet and outlet of the device, the deviation of the measurement results of pulsating gas flows. At low flow rates, in the range from 8 to 10 m3/h, the flowmeters are inoperable.

Ultrasonic measuring method

The popularity of acoustic flowmeters, which measure the amount of gas, especially in commercial accounting, has increased with the development of microelectronics. Acoustic flowmeters have no moving parts or protruding parts, which significantly increases their reliability.

The measurement is made in a wide range of values due to the ability of the device to operate for a long time from the built-in power source.Domestic devices do not meet all the necessary requirements, since in order to avoid the influence of gas flow distortions on the calculation results, it is necessary to use exclusively multibeam ultrasonic flow meters.

Installation price of HBO 2nd generation

HBO 2nd generation "Gas carburetor" is placed on cars only with a metal intake manifold. Gas consumption increases by 5-7% compared to gasoline. If the manifold is plastic (as a rule, cars after 2001), in order to avoid breakdowns, it is necessary to install a 4th generation HBO system

HBO of Italian production for cars of Russian and Ukrainian production (propane-butane), "gas carburetor" system. HBO for VAZ, HBO for Gazelle, HBO for Tavria, HBO for VAZ 2110, HBO for VAZ 2106, HBO for VAZ 2109, HBO for VAZ 2115, HBO for VAZ 2107 carburetor, HBO for VAZ 2107, HBO for VAZ 2106, LPG price for vaz 21099

Fuel cost control by satellite tracking system

The company's accountant enters the amount of fuel consumed in accordance with the above standards. In addition to the column "material costs" for the introduction of consumed fuel and lubricants in excess of the norm, a column "non-operating costs" is provided.

There is a formula for calculating fuel consumption for a bus:

Qn \u003d 0.01 x Hs x S x (1 + 0.01 x D) + Note x T, (2)

Qn - costs in accordance with the norms,
Hs - the rate of fuel and lubricants costs, taking into account the distance traveled l / 100 km,
S - distance traveled,
Note - fuel and lubricants cost rate, taking into account the use of standard heaters,
T is the operating time with the passenger compartment heating on,

For dump trucks:

Qn \u003d 0.01 x Hsanc x S x (1 + 0.01 x D) + Hz x Z, (4)

Z is the sum of flights made in one shift.

For trucks:

Qн = 0.01 x (Hsan x S + Hw x W) (1 + 0.01 x D), (3)

W - the amount of work performed.

A satellite tracking system is a fairly effective way to control the cost of fuel and lubricants.

The use of such a system involves the use of data on the distance traveled by vehicles, which are processed using information received from the satellite, while not taking into account the readings of the ondometer.

The main advantages of the satellite system include:

Ability to receive daily information about the exact distance traveled by the car.
Information about the total time spent on the production of work.
Data of driving time and each stop.
Implementation of speed control.

The system has a small error (only 1.5%), but is able to prevent an unauthorized increase in fuel consumption. In addition, it is possible to automatically calculate the cost of fuel and lubricants according to the relevant standards, where the formula for calculating the fuel consumption presented above is taken as the basis.

Two possible calculation methods:

By the time of the vehicle.
According to the distance travelled.

There are various ways to purchase fuel: cash, coupons, bank cards, etc.

For cash settlement, it is necessary (by order of the organization) to approve the entire procedure for this procedure, namely: to appoint responsible accountable persons who are required to fill out documentation on the money spent within a certain period of time with the application of sales receipts and waybills.

Write your question in the form below

car model	Cylinder size, l.	Price, c.u.
The price of HBO is VAZ 2101-2107, Tavria, Slavuta.	50, 40, 30	$410
HBO price - VAZ 2104, 2108-2109 carburetor	40 (instead of "reserve")	$440
HBO price - VAZ injection	50	$410
HBO price - VAZ injection	40 (instead of "reserve")	$440
HBO price - ZAZ "Tavria" pickup truck	50 (balloon above cab)	$410
HBO price - VAZ 2121 "Niva" carb./inject.	50 (cylinder under the body)	$410
HBO price - GAZ-24..3110 "Volga" carb.	60	$410
HBO price - GAZ-3110 "Volga" injector	60	$410
HBO price - "Gazelle" board., all-metal.	90	$410
HBO price - "Gazelle" cargo pass. "duet"	60	$410
HBO price - UAZ	60	$410
HBO price - GAZ 52, 53, 3307 "Lawn"	100	$410
HBO price - ZIL - 130	100	$410

Gas injector (HBO 4th generation) distributed injection, Italy	Price, c.u. cylinder - cylindrical 50l / spare wheel 42l *
HBO 4th generation (4 cylinders)	price 550 USD
HBO 4th generation (5 cylinders)	price 750 USD
HBO 4th generation (6 cylinders)	price 750 USD
HBO 4th generation (8 cylinders)	price 950 USD