How to equip a floor drain in the bathroom: we equip a shower without a pallet

Attention - adjunctions

I will especially say about waterproofing over the screed - in the corners and junctions. I opted for elastic waterproofing, which is applied under the tiles. And for waterproofing the adjoining floor to the wall, I even bought a special tape. I didn’t decide for a long time, since the material is expensive, but in the future, reworking the floors due to poor waterproofing, I think, will turn out to be much more expensive. I did not buy special waterproofing plasters for corners and holes in the floor, but made them from the same tape.

The adhesive for tiles was also taken elastic: it allows you to level the shifts that occur both due to micro-movements of wooden structures, and due to changes in humidity and temperature.

The wall of the partition separating the shower room from the bath has a gap at the bottom so that the water from the bath also flows into one point of the bath complex.

Related link: Device for accelerating the heating of water in the shower

Advantages of drainage systems

Like any other drainage system, drainage channels and ladders have a number of advantages and disadvantages.

Both systems have one drawback. With a long break in the use of drainage systems, the water seal dries up. This can lead to an unpleasant odor in the room.However, this shortcoming can be easily corrected. To do this, it is necessary to install a submersible nozzle with a membrane (dry lock) for the drain or channel.

In addition to the characteristics of drainage systems, the manufacturer is important. What to choose: a ladder or a channel of domestic production or to give preference to a channel or a ladder made abroad? You can learn about the advantages and disadvantages of drainage systems from various manufacturers in the following article.

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What can be encountered when re-equipping the shower

If the shower is not equipped immediately during the construction of the house, structural problems may arise. In houses with a basement, problems usually do not arise, but in older buildings the question is inevitable: where to place the drain? However, there is a workaround: raise flat shower surfaces 10-15 cm, so as not to touch the existing floor.

Too thin layer of monolithic floor

To embed a rigid foam element or a shower drain in a screed, a strobe must be hollowed out. Often you have to cut a little through the concrete panel. In this case, you should first consult with an architect or a specialist in building structures.

Beam ceilings

With joist ceilings, it is only possible to mount a shower with a flat floor if the drain runs parallel to the carrier beam and if the floor above the beam is of sufficient thickness.

Shower tray replacement

Anyone who replaces an old shower tray with a flat floor shower will have to replace the missing tiles and clad the connection point in the floor. As a rule, there are no spare tiles. Possible option: make a mosaic pattern around the edge.

What material to give preference?

Shower drain in the floor tiles are made of plastic, stainless steel, cast iron and even glass. Plastic structures are lightweight, resistant to aggressive influences, easy to clean, have a long service life, so they have earned popularity among both residents of private houses and apartments. The water drains through the gap in the floor between the shower tray and the grate, and also goes through the through holes at the top of the grate.

Plastic ladders are equipped with a decorative grille of a removable or non-removable type of various shapes and patterns. The height of the plastic product ranges from 75-180 mm. It is possible to install such a shower drain in the floor under the tiles both in a dotted way in an open area, and in an angular or linear method near the wall.

All plumbing components shower ladder, in addition to the grille and legs, are made of high-strength plastic. And the siphon in such products, as a rule, is made using the technology of floating balls with a dry valve. After the flow of water passes through the siphon, the balls sink to its bottom, blocking the penetration of unpleasant odors from the sewer channel. However, this design slightly reduces the throughput of the device.

To reduce the cost of the product, the legs of some devices are made of perforated steel tape. And in order to give the ladder the desired height, this very tape is bent in certain places. In addition to steel tape, adjustable screw feet can be used in the design of the product.

Well proven sewer ladders made of stainless steel. Moreover, not only the body of the product can be steel, but also a decorative removable grille.Usually they are installed in bathrooms and toilets with increased hygiene requirements - medical facilities, swimming pools, sanatoriums, children's camps, etc.

Cast iron sewer drains are installed in sanitary facilities with harsh operating conditions - laundries, public showers and baths, specialized laboratories. For the removal of household and rainwater, exclusively cast-iron vertical drains DN 100 mm are used.

Cast iron devices have the highest throughput, are most resistant to corrosion, so that their service life can reach 50 years. As a rule, these products are produced with a water seal.

Installation of a shower with a drain in the floor

Anyone who decides to make a shower with a floor drain should first check if there is enough space in the floor to allow the drain to be sunk. Home craftsmen who decide to install such a shower on their own should remember that all joints between the wall, floor and drain must be waterproof.

Installation of a shower with a drain in the floor

A quick and clean job can be done with a special fiberglass waterproofing sheet laid over a layer of conventional tile adhesive. Then the floor and walls can be tiled on top. But here each manufacturer has its own installation instructions.

How to arrange a drain in the shower

From the outside, there isn't much difference.

Despite some external similarity between the showers, there are some differences, which are mainly related to the presence of functional elements, as well as interior decoration. Therefore, there are a sufficient number of design options and choosing the most suitable one is not a problem.

Pallet design options

Finished pallet

The easiest and most reliable option is to install a ready-made factory pallet. The finished tray can be made of acrylic or enameled metal (like a metal bath). If we talk about the characteristics of such pallets, then the acrylic pallet is quite light and non-slip, but turns yellow over time, and the metal (enamelled) pallet is very slippery when wet and you will have to put a non-slip mat on it. In addition, such a pallet feels quite cold when compared with an acrylic pallet.

In the case when the option with a ready-made pallet, which differs in standard dimensions, is not suitable, it is not difficult to build a pallet from brick or concrete. After that, it will have to be cultivated with tiles.The solution is not bad, but it will require professional skills, and it will also take a lot of time. If this is an apartment building, then you will have to take care of reliable waterproofing, otherwise there may be problems with neighbors who live on the floor below. This does not mean at all that in a private house you can do without waterproofing. Sooner or later, but the lack of waterproofing will make itself felt, and from a not very good side.

Brick pallet

You can use one more option. It consists in the fact that a pallet of suitable sizes is made of metal using welding technology. After that, the metal is coated with anti-corrosion compounds. Such a pallet is installed on bricks and, if necessary, it is also lined with sides

The most important thing is not to forget about the drain. From the inside, such a “trough” is cultivated with tiles in the form of a mosaic by gluing

As a rule, one of the presented options is selected, although there is another option when the booth is made without a visible pallet. In this case, it is enough to lay out the tiles so that the water flows towards the drain.

Choice of size and shape

Naturally, size does matter, because:

• 70x70 cm is an insufficient size and more may be suitable for children.
• 80x80 cm is also an insufficient size, but the booth is more spacious.
• 90x90 cm - this size may be enough for ordinary people of medium size.
• 100x100 cm and more are comfortable sizes for citizens of any weight category.

The level of comfort starts at 1 meter, but if this size is not available, then the best option is at least 90 centimeters.It should be noted that a square booth is not the best option and a rectangle should always be preferred. It is more practical even if the cabin is only 80 centimeters wide. In this case, the length of the booth must be at least 1 meter.

Plum formation

Ladder installation

As a rule, in such cases, the drain is formed using a ladder, although a siphon option is also possible. The fact is that the ladder is a special drain device. In other words, the ladder can be built into the floor, and it will serve for a long time.

As a rule, the siphon is installed where there is a visible pallet, for example, factory-made. At the same time, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of replacing it, otherwise problems will arise sooner or later. Just taking it and sealing it forever is a bad idea, and in this case it is better not to mess with the siphon.

It is necessary to make an inspection hatch

In any case, the organization of the drain must be such that at any time it is possible to clean the drain with a cable. For greater efficiency and practicality of the system, the pipes are laid so that the pipe joint angles are no more than 30 degrees.

It is equally important to take care of effective slopes that would not allow water to stagnate. In this case, the value of the slopes should not be less than 4 percent.

In other words, on one meter of pipe, the slope should be about 4 centimeters. Some recommend making the floor slope the same, although here the norms are completely different and for safety, a slope of more than 1.5 percent is not recommended.

Day 1. We install the ladder. Building a shower tray We fill the floor of the pallet.

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Benefits of a shower with a built-in drain

Variety of trays and drain drains water is explained by the fact that there was a need for showers - not purchased, representing a single prefabricated structure, but stationary, without a pallet and complex electronic "stuffing".

The device of the cabin is simple and convenient: a bar with a shower, smoothly opening plastic compartment doors, a non-slip floor covered with ceramic tiles. Such a place for taking water procedures can be organized independently by laying the floor and walls with tiles and connecting the communications correctly.

Even without the restrictive sides and curbs, water does not flow out of the cabin if the floor covering is properly equipped - with a slight slope, ensuring the outflow of water into the drain

Why do owners of spacious bathrooms and cramped bathrooms choose this option for a shower cabin? It has a lot of advantages:

• variety of sizes and configurations;
• possibility of placement in non-standard premises;
• creation of a unique design;
• ease of care and regular cleaning;
• comfortable use of the shower by the elderly.

One of the technical advantages is the presence of an emergency drain. During force majeure circumstances (water supply failures in your apartment or with neighbors from above), the water will leave through a ladder built into the ceramic floor tiles.

floor construction

A shower cabin without a pallet is modern, fashionable and beautiful. This design will ideally fit into any interior, thanks to various variations in construction, taking into account the individual characteristics of all residents.

In addition, construction costs will not exceed the cost of buying a pallet. The design of the floor for a shower cabin without a pallet consists of several layers:

• concrete base;
• expanded polystyrene;
• coupler;
• waterproofing;
• coupler;
• facing.

A drain hole, called a ladder, is located between the waterproofing layer and two screeds. The store offers options in plastic and metal cases.

It is better to give preference to metal, since such a design will last much longer. The location of the drain does not depend on the laying of sewer pipes, since it is possible to bring the drain hole to any place in the shower cabin using connecting pipes.

Important!
In the absence of a pallet, one must take into account such a moment as the slope of the floor towards the drain hole.

If the structure is not made at a certain slope, then excess water will always collect along the edges of the fenced structure, which means that the associated problems with increased dampness and humidity cannot be avoided.

Requirements for coverings of a shower area without a pallet

The requirements for covering the shower area are high, since in this room, due to the slippery floor, there is a high probability of an accident.

An important condition for safety is the choice of high-quality non-slip flooring.

The tile must be non-slip, treated with a special coating. If desired and possible, you can lay out the floor with tiles made of natural or artificial stone. But the problem is that it is thin - 3-4 mm. This results in the following requirement - the thickness of the laid tiles in the shower should be 8-10 mm, and the adhesive coating: 4-9 mm.

For reliable flooring, tiles are often used.

Ways to organize a drain in the floor

Depending on the design features of the shower, there are methods of water disposal:

• channel system;
• siphon installation;
• ladder installation.

channel system

It consists of a tray, a siphon drain system, a grate made of metal, plastic or ceramic. It is used to organize the drain of showers without pallets. To ensure that water drains to the drain, installation of an inclined base is required (most often from the wall), so plan the place shower cabin installation in advance. Product sizes range from 50 cm to 118.5 cm; after acquiring the channel, simply connect the structure to the sewer drain using a corrugated hose and make a cladding.

Siphon drain

The siphon is curved tube with elbows of various lengths.

According to the mechanism of action, types are distinguished:

• conventional: designed for installation in many types of shower cabins with a tray, the mechanism of operation is to plug the drain hole with a plug;
• with manual control: the drain handle is located on the surface of the cab wall. This type is equipped with one water seal for two or three drain points;
• click-clack siphon: changing the position of the stopper by manually switching the handle.

Attention! In the case of using the latter type of system, the device may be triggered by accidentally pressing it with your foot.

Depending on the design features, siphons are:

bottle type: they have an elongated appearance, equipped with a water seal that prevents large particles of debris from entering the side outlet. To clean the siphon, you need to unscrew the bottom cover and remove the accumulated dirt. The disadvantage of the drain is its dimensions (the height may not be suitable for installing the cabin);
pipe: they are a pipe, the bend of which serves as a hydraulic seal.The design is reliable and has a small size, which allows it to be used when shower cabin installation. The disadvantage is the need for regular cleaning of the system from mud particles settled on the bottom, which can be difficult to do with a small distance between the base of the floor and the cabin;
corrugated: they are a pipe that passes into a corrugated hose and is attached to the drain hole on the other side

The advantage is the possibility of mounting at an angle, which is important when installing a cabin with a non-standard drain location.

IMPORTANT! This type of siphon needs careful fixation. After starting operation, be sure to check that there is no displacement of the pipes.

Ladder with spot water collection

It is a floor-mounted structure designed to receive wastewater, consisting of a cup, a body, clamping pads and seals, a debris trap and a front grille.

Depending on the materials used, there are:

• cast iron;
• plastic;
• from stainless steel.

Depending on the type of construction, manufacturers produce types of ladders:

• vertical: high throughput and rare blockages. If repairs are necessary, the cladding and screed may need to be removed. This type is used in pools;
• horizontal: compact designs with side drain, used in the renovation of residential and office premises, are easy to install.

The height of the body of the structure varies from 7.5 cm to 19 cm.

Important! Choose a design with elements fixing it to the floor, a smooth inner surface and an adjustable cabinet height.

Types of drains

Drainage drains are cast according to the type of installation. They are of three types:

• Point.Usually the receiving opening is small, the grating is square, less often rectangular. Installed anywhere.

• Linear. The shape of the receiving chamber is rectangular, long and narrow. It is installed mainly along the walls, retreating from them some distance.

• Wall ladder. The drain hole is also long and narrow, but this design is different in that it is mounted not only on the floor, but also on the wall. The installation is immured into the wall, there are also sewer pipes behind the wall, and the drain hole itself is located exactly near the wall.

Most often, to make a floor with a drain, point drains are used, much less often - linear ones. The installation of wall drains is generally a rather rare occurrence, since installation is possible only at the stage of a major overhaul, not only of the floor, but also of the walls. In addition, such devices are much more expensive.

Gate types

In addition to different design solutions, the floor drain (point or linear) has different types of gates. A shutter is a device that prevents odors from the sewer from entering the room.

The simplest seal is a water seal. In these devices, the discharge pipe has a bend in which water remains. It blocks odors. The disadvantage of such a system is the possibility of drying out. This happens if the water has not been drained for a long time. Also, the cause of drying out can be an incorrect installation (the slope is incorrectly selected) or the presence of floor heating - the warm floor in the bathroom “dries out” the water in the water seal.

More reliable in this regard dry seals for ladders. They are of several types:

• Membrane.A movable spring-loaded membrane is installed, which, under the pressure of water, falls down, and in its absence blocks the drain hole, blocking the access of gases from the sewer to the room.

• Membrane made of a material having "molecular memory". The principle of operation is similar to the membrane, but the reliability is higher - the springs can break, and the material simply striving to return to its original state is more durable.

• Float. This system has a float. In the presence of water, it rises, and when the water has gone, it falls down and blocks the entrance to the sewer.

• Mint. The drain into the sewer closes the device, which, under the influence of gravity, tends to take a position above the drain.

Dry drains are made mainly of plastic, grates are made of stainless steel or also plastic. There are models with a built-in check valve. It prevents the rise of water when the sewer overflows. When arranging a floor with a drain in an unheated bath, look for models that can be used in cold weather (there are some).