DIY solar generator: instructions for making an alternative energy source

Principle of operation

To understand the main principle by which such devices work, you first need to remember one rule - the tension at each point of the device is directly proportional to the square of the current that flows through the conductor. When an electric current appears, a field always appears around the latter. It is capable of spreading its action over long distances.It is easy to create free energy in the Romanov generator according to the instructions with your own hands.

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The scheme provides a constant pumping of energy from an external source. It is formed due to alternating RF current. The result - the field begins to pulsate, to spread its signal. The energy characteristics thus appear in kinetic form. If this process is forced, it will be possible to obtain an interesting ethereal effect. It manifests itself as a wave with a powerful shock characteristic. Electromagnetic installations work differently.

Interesting. The situation favors the transition to high-capacity operations.

Tesla generators are devices in which this process can be implemented. The natural analogue is an ethereal discharge of lightning, electric generators can also create such energy.

Free electricity from magnets

Where and how to install batteries and wind turbines

Solar panels should be located as far as possible so that sunlight falls on them vertically. In the Northern Hemisphere, solar panels are deployed in a southerly direction, at an inclination corresponding to geographic latitude. In practice, solar panels usually installed on the south slope of the roof. If this is not possible, then the batteries are placed in a less favorable position, while the performance calculation should be adjusted. You may need to increase the number of modules.

The vertical axis wind turbine has a low noise level.

It’s good if you have a margin for mounting space, on which you can install one or more additional modules in the future.Because sooner or later you will come up with the idea that it would be nice to increase the performance of the system.

Solar panels must be installed so that they can be serviced. This applies not only to repair work, but also to cleaning - it must be done regularly, removing fallen leaves, dust and dirt from the panels. Especially important is the availability of panels for year-round use due to the need to clean them from snow.

Three-bladed wind generator for weak (from 2–3 m/s) wind.

Wind generators are recommended to be installed on the highest terrain. You should not save on the mast: at a height of 8–10 m, the wind strength increases by about 30%. The windmill can make noise during operation, so it is better to install it no closer than 20 m from the house. Fortunately, low-frequency noise that affects health and wildlife is produced only by wind turbines of very high power - from 100 kW and above. Therefore, light and low-power models of wind turbines are sometimes installed on the roofs of buildings, and for such cases it is desirable to use damping pads.

Kärcher iSolar cleaning system for photovoltaic power plants. Cleaning a heavily contaminated solar battery increases its energy efficiency by about 20%.

Connection options

There are no questions when connecting one panel: minus and plus are connected to the corresponding connectors of the controller. If there are many panels, they can be connected:

in parallel, i.e. connect the terminals of the same name to each other and, having received a voltage of 12V at the output;

sequentially, i.e. connect the plus of the first to the minus of the second, and the remaining minus of the first and plus of the second - to the controller. The output will be 24 V.

series-parallel, i.e.use a mixed connection. It implies such a scheme that several groups of batteries are interconnected. Inside each of them, the panels are connected in parallel, and the groups are connected in series. This circuit at the output gives the most optimal performance.

The video will help you to understand in more detail how to connect alternative sources in the house:

Such power plants with the help of batteries accumulate the charge of the Sun for the house and store it, reserving it in battery banks. In America, Japan, European countries, hybrid power supply is often used.

That is, two circuits work, one of which serves low-voltage equipment powered by 12 V, the other circuit is responsible for the uninterrupted power supply of high-voltage equipment powered by 230 V.

Application

In everyday life and at work, such generators are widely used in various fields and areas, but they are most in demand to perform the following functions:

1. Used as motors for wind farms, this is one of the most popular features. Many people make their own asynchronous generators to use them for this purpose.
2. Work as a hydroelectric power plant with a small output.
3. Providing power and electricity to a city apartment, a private country house or individual household equipment.
4. Performance of the main functions of the welding generator.
5. Uninterrupted supply of alternating current to individual consumers.

Gasoline generator valve clearance adjustment - basics

Valve clearance size has a big impact on engine performance in every aspect.If the valve clearance is too small, expansion of the valve stem in the thermal state of the engine can cause the valve to leak and output power or even burn out the valve. The valve clearance is too large - collisions between various parts of the transmission, as well as between the valve itself and the valve seat, can occur. At the same time, the valve opening time will be shortened and cause insufficient air intake and exhaust, which will directly affect the normal operation of the motor.

In general, the valve clearance of a gasoline engine should be checked and adjusted after it has been used for 1 year or 300 hours. Valve adjustment work is carried out in a cold state and when the valve is completely closed. Repairing a gas generator is not difficult, and this instruction will help you with this.

How to adjust the valve clearance with your own hands?

Place the piston on the dead center of the cylinder combustion chamber, and the positive position between the flywheel magnetic steel and the flame igniter is the positive point. Insert a feeler gauge into the gap between the rocker arm and the valve and measure the lifter gap.

That's all. These works are carried out by professionals in half an hour - an hour and are inexpensive, so it is more expedient to use the services of a specialized gas generator repair service.

Maintenance and repair of generators from professionals

At the generator, we recognize the importance of regular engine maintenance with adjustments to maintain peak efficiency and check for component wear.Over time, deterioration of lubricants and fuels can occur, making it difficult to start the machine.

Rubber components and hoses can also become brittle. These are issues that our skilled team can easily identify and fix during scheduled maintenance.

Over time, deterioration of lubricants and fuels can occur, making it difficult to start the machine. Rubber components and hoses can also become brittle. These are issues that our skilled team can easily identify and fix during scheduled maintenance.

Regular maintenance of gas generators

Regular maintenance not only ensures that engines run more efficiently and economically, it helps to avoid costly failures and unplanned downtime.

All of our service and repair work is carried out to the highest standards set by our factory trained engineers. They have extensive knowledge and understanding of our products as a result of specialized training and hands-on experience. Our engineers are trained in preventive maintenance and are well versed in diagnostic techniques.

Preventive maintenance and repair of power generators require qualified personnel to ensure that engines are restored and maintained at peak performance. We own fully equipped workshops for the complete maintenance of generators.

Where and how to place the generator?

The installation site of the solar generator is chosen very carefully and without haste.The plates that receive light must be placed at an angle so that the rays do not “fall” on the surface perpendicularly, but rather “flow” neatly along it. Ideally, the structure is positioned so that it remains possible, if necessary, to adjust the angle of inclination, in this way, "capturing" the maximum amount of sun.

It is perfectly acceptable to put a solar system on the ground, but most often they choose the roof of a house or utility room for placement, namely that part of it that goes to the most consecrated, mainly southern side of the site

It is very important that there are no tall buildings and powerful, sprawling trees nearby. Being in close proximity, they create a shadow and interfere with the full operation of the unit.

In order for solar installations to work efficiently, they must be kept clean and tidy. A layer of dirt formed on the surface of the catching panel reduces efficiency by 10%, and adhering snow completely turns off the unit. Therefore, regular maintenance is a must and helps keep the modules in perfect operating condition.

The average-optimal level for installing a solar generator is considered to be a roof slope of 45⁰. With this arrangement, the photocells absorb the solar flux very efficiently and give out the amount of energy necessary for the correct maintenance of the life of the house.

To get a real return on the panels and provide the average family with the right amount of energy, you will have to take 15-20 sq.m of the roof surface for a solar generator

For the European part of the CIS states, there are slightly different indicators.Professionals recommend taking as a basis a stationary tilt angle of 50-60⁰, and in moving structures during the winter season, place batteries at an angle of 70⁰ to the horizon.

In summer, change the position and tilt the photocells at an angle of 30⁰.

By installing generator panels on a track system equipped with an automatic sun tracking option, you can increase the efficiency of return by 50%. The module will independently detect the intensity of the rays and will adjust to the maximum illumination from dawn to dusk

Immediately before installation, the roof is additionally strengthened and equipped with special strong supports, since not every structure is able to withstand the full weight of the equipment for converting solar energy.

To securely and firmly install a solar generator on the roof, it is worth purchasing special mounts. They are produced separately for each type of roofing and are always commercially available. When installing between the panels and the roof, it is necessary to leave a gap for full air access and correct ventilation of the sun-absorbing elements

In some cases, reinforced rafters are placed under the roof, protecting the roof from collapse, potentially due to the increased load, which increases significantly in the winter season, when snow accumulates on the roof surface.

Rotary windmill

A rotary windmill (the easiest to manufacture) is usually assembled from two or four blades. Its design is simple, so everyone can make a windmill from a car generator, without special alterations and costs. The power of such a device is enough to supply energy to a small garden house.

The generator for the windmill is selected in accordance with the desired power. If we take a 12 volt generator as a basis, then we get a device up to 5 kW. The blades of the rotor must be of the same size, then the windmill from the car generator will work well.

In addition, the power of the structure will depend on the wind - on how fast it will blow on the blades. The windmill starts to rotate at 2 m/cm, and with more productivity it will work at 12 m/s. The efficiency of its operation is affected by the size of the blades into which the wind will blow. Measurements must be accurate.

Selecting the type of photoconverter

Activities for creating a solar generator with your own hands begin with the choice of the type of photovoltaic silicon converter.

These components are of three types:

• amorphous;
• monocrystalline;
• polycrystalline.

Each option has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice in favor of any of them is made based on the amount of funds allocated for the purchase of all system components.

Features of amorphous varieties

Amorphous modules do not consist of crystalline silicon, but of its derivatives (silane or silicon hydrogen). By sputtering in vacuum, they are applied in the thinnest layer on high-quality metal foil, glass or plastic.

Finished products have a faded, blurry gray tint. Visible silicon crystals are not observed on the surface. The main advantage flexible solar cells an affordable price is considered, however, their efficiency is very low and ranges from 6-10%.

Amorphous silicon-based solar cells are more flexible, exhibit high levels of optical absorption (up to 20 times greater than mono- or polycrystalline counterparts), and perform significantly more efficiently in cloudy weather

Specificity of polycrystalline types

Polycrystalline solar cells are produced by gradual, very slow cooling of the silicon melt. The resulting products are distinguished by a rich blue color, have a surface with a clearly defined pattern resembling a frosty pattern, and show an efficiency in the region of 14-18%.

The regions present inside the material, separated from the general structure by granular boundaries, interfere with giving higher efficiency.

Polycrystalline solar cells operate for only 10 years, but during this time their efficiency does not decrease. However, for the installation of products in a single complex, a strong, solid base is necessarily used, since the sheets are quite rigid and require strong, reliable support.

Characterization of monocratyl variants

Monocrystalline modules are characterized by a dense dark color and consist of solid silicon crystals. Their effectiveness exceeds the indicators of other elements and amounts to 18-22% (under favorable conditions - up to 25%).

Another advantage is an impressive service life - according to manufacturers, over 25 years. However, with prolonged use, the efficiency of single crystals decreases, and after 10–12 years, the photoelectric yield is no more than 13–17%.

Single crystal modules are much more expensive than other types of equipment. They are produced by sawing artificially grown silicon crystals.

Due to the fact that photovoltaic cells are valued quite highly, many suppliers offer group B products to customers, that is, fragments suitable for full use with a small defect. Their cost differs from the standard price by 40-60%, due to which the collection of the generator costs a reasonable price, not too hard on the pocket.

How to do it yourself?

The most reliable and simple design is considered to be a rotary wind turbine, which is an installation with a vertical axis of rotation. A ready-made home-made generator of this type is able to fully ensure the energy consumption of the dacha, including equipping the living quarters, outbuildings and street lighting (though not too bright).

If you get an inverter with indicators of 100 volts and a battery of 75 amperes, then the windmill will be much more powerful and productive: there will be enough electricity for both video surveillance and an alarm.

To make a wind generator, you will need construction details, consumables and tools. The first step is to find suitable windmill components, many of which can be found among old stocks:

• Generator from a car with a power of about 12 V;
• Rechargeable battery for 12 V;
• Push-button semi-hermetic switch;
• Inventory;
• Car relay used to charge the battery.

You will also need consumables:

• Fasteners (bolts, nuts, insulating tape);
• Steel or aluminum container;
• Wiring with a cross section of 4 square meters. mm (two meters) and 2.5 sq. mm (one meter);
• Mast, tripod and other elements to enhance stability;
• Strong rope.

Having prepared everything you need, you can start assembling, focusing on step-by-step instructions that tell you how to make a wind generator with your own hands:

• Cut out blades of the same size from a metal container, leaving an untouched strip of metal a few centimeters at the base.
• Symmetrically make holes with a drill for the existing bolts in the bottom of the base of the tank and the generator pulley.
• Bend the blades.
• Fix on the blade pulley.
• Install and secure the generator on the mast with clamps or a rope, stepping back from the top about ten centimeters.
• Establish wiring (to connect the battery, a meter-long core with a cross section of 4 sq. Mm is enough, for loading with lighting and electrical appliances - 2.5 sq. Mm).
• Mark the connection diagram, color and letter marking for future repairs.
• Install the transmitter with quarter wire.
• If necessary, decorate the structure with a weather vane and paint.
• Secure the wires by winding the installation mast.

Do-it-yourself wind generators for 220 volts are an opportunity to provide a summer house or a country house with free electricity in the shortest possible time. Even a beginner can set up such an installation, and most of the details for the structure have long been idle in the garage.

How an electric generator works

The principle of operation of the electric generator is based on the physical phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. A conductor passing through an artificially created electromagnetic field creates an impulse that is converted into direct current.

The generator has an engine that is capable of generating electricity by burning a certain type of fuel in its compartments: gasoline, gas or diesel fuel. In turn, the fuel, entering the combustion chamber, during the combustion process produces a gas that rotates the crankshaft. The latter transmits an impulse to the driven shaft, which is already capable of providing a certain amount of energy at the output.

The principle of operation of the device is quite simple, but exactly as long as there is no need to consider each individual process. It must be understood that Faraday's law on the principles of magnetic induction, which is used in an electric generator, will give the desired result only when certain conditions are created. The main one is the correct calculation and connection of the main structural units.

Regardless of the fuel and power consumed, electric generators have two fundamental mechanisms: a rotor and a stator. The rotor is necessary to create an electromagnetic field, so it is based on magnets equidistant from the core. The stator is stationary, allows you to set the rotor in motion, and also regulates the electromagnetic field, due to the presence of metal blocks of steel.

Do-it-yourself electric generator manufacturing option is shown in the video

Device and principle of operation

A generator is an electrical machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical current. In most cases, a rotational type of magnetic field is used for this.The device consists of a relay, a rotating inductor, slip rings, a terminal, a sliding brush, a diode bridge, diodes, a slip ring, a stator, a rotor, bearings, a rotor shaft, a pulley, an impeller and a front cover. Often, the design includes a coil with an electromagnet, which generates energy.

DIY generator

It is important to note that the generator is AC and DC. In the first case, eddy currents are not generated, the device can operate under extreme conditions and has a reduced weight. In the second case, the generator does not need increased attention and has more resources.

In the second case, the generator does not need increased attention and has more resources.

There is an alternator synchronous and asynchronous. The first is a unit that works as a generator, where the number of rotations of the stator is equal to the rotor. The rotor generates a magnetic field and creates an EMF in the stator.

Note! The result is a permanent electric magnet. Of the advantages, the high stability of the generated voltage is noted, of the disadvantages is the current overload, since with an excessive load, the regulator increases the current in the rotor winding. Synchronous apparatus device

Synchronous apparatus device

The asynchronous apparatus consists of a squirrel-cage rotor and exactly the same stator as the previous model. At the moment of rotation of the rotor, the asynchronous generator induces an electric current and the magnetic field creates a sinusoidal voltage. Since it has no connection with the rotor, there is no possibility to artificially regulate the voltage and current.These parameters change under electrical load on the starter winding.

Asynchronous apparatus device

Operating principle

Any generator operates according to the electromagnetic inductive law, due to the induction of electric current in a closed loop by crossing a rotating magnetic field created using permanent magnets or windings. The electromotive force enters a closed circuit from the collector and the brush assembly along with the magnetic flux, the rotor rotates and generates voltage. Thanks to spring-loaded brushes, which are pressed against the plate collectors, an electric current is transmitted to the output terminals. Then it goes to the user's network and spreads through the electrical equipment.

Principle of operation

Difference from synchronous generator

A synchronous gasoline generator is not overloaded due to transient conditions that are associated with starting under load from consumers of similar power. It is a source of reactive power, while asynchronous consumes it. The first is not afraid of overloads in the set mode thanks to the auto-regulation system through a connection that is inverse to the current with the voltage in the wire. The second has an artificially unregulated cohesion force of the electromagnetic rotor field.

Note! It is important to understand that the asynchronous variety is more popular due to its simple design, unpretentiousness, lack of need for qualified technical maintenance and comparative cheapness.It is set when: there are no high requirements for frequency with voltage; it is supposed to work the unit in a dusty place; there is no way to overpay for another variety

Synchronous variety

Synchronous variety

Making at home

In order for the finished structure to perform its functions qualitatively and provide people with a sufficient amount of electricity, it is necessary to properly manufacture it. To do this, you need to take into account many factors and choose only high-quality materials.

Primary requirements

Before you make a solar battery with your own hands, you need to perform a number of preparatory measures and carefully study all the requirements for the device. This will help to get a working installation and simplify the installation process.

In order for the solar panel to work at its maximum potential, the following requirements must be met:

1. The finished product is characterized by increased fragility, so it must be protected with a special frame.
2. The size of the structure depends on the amount of electricity required. It should be borne in mind that an increase in the number of conductors will lead to an increase in the mass of the battery.
3. In the case of the device, side skirts of small size should be provided. All this is necessary so that the shadow cast by them covers the minimum working space of the battery.
4. The structure is installed outdoors, so it will be exposed to constant weather conditions. Because of this, the inside and outside of the case must be covered with high-quality moisture-resistant paint.
5. In the frame, it is necessary to provide a place for the manufacture of the substrate.
6. At the bottom of the panel you need to make small holes for ventilation. With their help, the gas that is formed during the operation of the battery will be removed.

Materials and tools

The most important parts of the device are photocells. Manufacturers offer customers only 2 of their varieties: monocrystalline (efficiency up to 13%) and polycrystalline silicon (efficiency up to 9%).

To make the panel, you will need the following materials and tools:

• a set of photocells;
• fasteners (hardware);
• vacuum coasters made of silicone;
• copper wires capable of operating at high power;
• aluminum corners;
• Schottky diodes;
• soldering equipment;
• a set of screws;
• transparent sheet of plexiglass or polycarbonate.

Procedure

In order to make solar panels with your own hands at home, you must follow the sequence of actions. Only in this case, you can avoid mistakes and achieve the desired result.

The panel manufacturing process is simple and consists of the following steps:

A set of poly- or single-crystal solar cells is taken and the parts are assembled into a common design. Their number is determined based on the requirements of the owners of the house.
Contours are applied to the photocells, soldered conductors formed from tin. This operation is performed on a flat glass surface using a soldering iron.
According to a pre-prepared electrical circuit, all cells are connected to each other. In this case, shunt diodes must be connected. The ideal option for a solar panel would be to use Schottky diodes to prevent the panel from discharging at night.
The cell structure is moved to open space and tested for performance. In the absence of any problems, you can start assembling the frame.
For these purposes, special aluminum corners are used, which are attached to the body elements with the help of hardware.
A thin layer of silicone sealant is applied to the inner parts of the rails and evenly distributed.
A sheet of plexiglass or polycarbonate is placed on top of it and pressed tightly against the frame contour.
The design is left for several hours for the silicone sealant to dry completely.
As soon as this process is completed, the transparent sheet is additionally attached to the body with the help of hardware.
Selected photocells with conductors are placed along the entire inner part of the resulting surface.

It is important to leave a small distance (about 5 millimeters) between adjacent cells. To simplify this procedure, you can pre-apply the necessary markup.
The installed cells are securely fixed to the frame using mounting silicone, and the panel is completely sealed. All this will help to increase the life of the solar battery.
The product is left to dry the applied mixture and acquires its final form.

All this will help to increase the life of the solar battery.
The product is left to dry the applied mixture and acquires its final form.

Mounting the module on the project site

After all the individual solar panels are ready, they need to be installed in a single module at the design site. This is a rather laborious stage of work, so you need to prepare the necessary tools and fixtures for attaching to the frame.

In rural areas, a fairly common option for placing solar panels is a land plot. It should not be trees, shrubs and other obstructions to direct sunlight.

When installing solar panels on the roof of a house, you need to be sure that the truss system will withstand the constant static load from the battery complex and the dynamic load from snow, wind and rain.

It is also necessary to carry out a set of measures to protect the frame structure of the base. To do this, in the upper part of the roof slope, special barriers are installed to hold snow or dividers.

Summing up

Yes, saving today has become “fashionable”! The expedient introduction of fundamentally new energy technologies in the future will allow people to abandon the use of nuclear, thermal, gasoline, diesel and gas turbine stations. People who have learned to “produce” electricity destroy themselves with their own hands, using outdated, but extremely beneficial for “some” methods of obtaining energy vital to humanity. In the case of timely measures taken, we will still be able to return the planet Earth to its original appearance, leaving the depleted bowels alone, and help our cosmic home to restore the ecology brought to a catastrophic state.

Conclusion

Of the alternative methods of generating electricity available in central Russia, the use of solar panels is the most attractive.

First of all, due to the low cost of polycrystalline silicon photocells produced in China, which allow you to assemble fairly low-cost designs.Depending on the needs and capabilities, a solar battery can be made with a variety of characteristics - from a compact folding design for charging a phone or a navigator to large-sized panels operating in backup power systems in conjunction with batteries and inverter converters.