Features of the infrared heating device for a private house: why is this system better than others?

Gas heaters

One of the types of heating devices operating on the principle of infrared radiation are devices that use liquefied gas as fuel. A mixture of gas and air is supplied under high pressure to the ceramic burner.As a result of the emerging chemical process, ceramics are heated to a high temperature (up to 800 degrees), due to which infrared heating radiation occurs.

Otherwise, gas devices are arranged in the same way as any other infrared heating - in particular, they have a built-in thermostat, combustion sensors, gas level and an element for automatically turning off the burner when the device falls. An important advantage of such heating devices is their complete independence from electricity, which allows them to be used as a mobile heat source.

Conclusion

Infrared heating of a private house - this is a fairly economical and reliable solution, thanks to which living in a house becomes much more comfortable. The arsenal of advantages of such heating includes ease of installation, flexibility of settings and the existence of different types of heaters, each of which is suitable for solving a specific problem.

Calculation of IR heating power

It is easy to perform the calculation of the equipment. For 10 sq. m. area with a ceiling height of 2.5-3 m and good thermal insulation, ceiling infrared heaters should have a power of 1 kW. More accurate figures can be obtained based on the performance of a particular device and the recommendations specified in the instruction manual.

At the same time, it should be understood that we are not talking about the constant use of electricity, since in order to maintain a given temperature regime, it is enough for the system to work 20 minutes out of every hour. Thus, the effective consumption of electricity for a house of 55 sq. m. may up to 2 kW. And this, you see, is not so much.

Expenses

Such heating requires less power to heat the same volume of rooms. According to average calculations, it takes a kilowatt to heat a small area, but an infrared heating system can heat it all for half the declared power.

How is this possible? The main heating losses occur in the air, in fact, they go into the pipe. Warming up from contact, passing through the surface of heating devices, the air begins to move. When moving, it heats the room, but also through cracks, loose connections, joints, roof, windows, doors - it goes outside. Losses in a separate building are greater than in a house with several apartments where there are neighbors, so one, sometimes several walls, but not combined with neighbors, can be cold.

Efficient operation of film heating

The manufacturer claims that its products will work economically and efficiently. However, you need to understand that this is true only for certain conditions.

If, for example, the building is not insulated, it is at least pointless to expect efficient operation from the PLEN film heating system. What requirements must be met to get the most out of infrared equipment?

One of the main ones is thorough thermal insulation of walls, doors and windows in the building. If everything is clear with the latter, then there are some nuances regarding the thermal insulation of the walls.

Wall insulation must be carried out from the outside. Various materials can be used for this: thermal insulation followed by plastering, sandwich panels, etc. To get acquainted with the types of insulation for the walls of the house outside, follow this link.

If you insulate the walls from the inside, infrared heating will be useless.

For the most efficient operation of infrared heating, it is important that the walls of the building are insulated from the outside. Walls insulated from the inside will not be able to accumulate heat. Walls covered with heat-insulating material will not accumulate and give off heat, since the insulator will prevent this.

To equip an efficient heating system, it is not necessary to completely cover the floor or ceiling with IR film

Walls covered with heat-insulating material will not accumulate and give off heat, since the insulator will prevent this. To equip an efficient heating system, it is not necessary to completely cover the floor or ceiling with IR film.

If it is assumed that such heating will be the main one, it is enough to cover 70-80% of the area of ​​​​the ceiling or floor surface.

To arrange additional heating, it will be enough to cover 30-40% of the area

It is important to choose the right mounting height for the thermostat. For the ceiling version of the film installation, it must be at a height of about 1.7 m from the floor level

For floor installation, it is raised 10-15 cm above the floor. If you make a mistake with the fixing height of the device, the system will not work correctly.

Another important point is to ensure that the current power is sufficient for the full functioning of the system. This must be done, otherwise the cost-effectiveness of the plan will decrease significantly. To solve the problem, it will be enough to install a special load distribution unit.

The device allows you to turn on alternately different circuits of the heating system, thereby increasing the power supplied to each of them.

The figure shows the installation scheme of film heaters

Film heater installation should be carried out only on a special substrate. It has reflective properties and does not allow the base on which the film is laid to absorb infrared radiation.

It is redirected in the opposite direction, which ensures the most efficient operation of the equipment. Without such a substrate, part of the infrared waves is absorbed by the base, which leads to unjustified energy losses.

Installation of infrared film heaters should be carried out only on a special substrate, otherwise heat loss is inevitable.

Another important point is the height of the heated room if the system is fixed on the ceiling. Standard models of film emitters are designed for the infrared wave to cover a distance of no more than 3.5 m.

If it is larger, the radiation does not reach the floor. And, accordingly, the system will not work correctly.

Thus, if the room has high ceilings, you need to choose the floor mounting option or look for more powerful non-standard models of film heaters.

How to install an infrared heater yourself

Infrared panels are gaining more and more popularity every year. They are easy to use and provide fast heating of the room, and the built-in thermostat allows you to set the desired heating temperature in a few clicks. Moreover, the installation of infrared DIY heaters goes quickly and easily if you follow the instructions. Other advantages of this equipment include:

• long service life;
• noiselessness;
• safety;
• spot heating;
• possibility of application in open space.

It is not surprising that many people are interested in installing infrared heaters with their own hands. This process does not require special skills and takes from 25 minutes to an hour and a half.

Training

Required Tools

In order for the installation of the infrared heater to go as expected, you must have the tools:

More sophisticated equipment can be used as needed. For example, if you are interested in installing infrared heaters with your own hands in the amount of several pieces, it is best to use a pyrometer for calculations. It will allow you to determine warmest and coldest places premises. Based on the information received, you will select the optimal location for each device.

Safety

There is a set of measures that will prevent accidents both during installation and during operation:

1. Do not install IR panels near flammable and explosive objects;

Electrical cables must be laid on a non-combustible base;

Fasteners must not touch the heating element;

The height at which the panel should hang is 2.5-3.5 meters;

For a house or apartment, devices with a capacity of not more than 800 watts are bought.

The device must not be turned on until the installation is completed. The device must have an appropriate degree of protection if the panel is mounted in a bath or sauna. If all these rules are observed, the installation of an infrared heater will be quick and without difficulties.

Installation Recommendations

When installing infrared heaters with your own hands, it is necessary that the distance between the ceiling and the body is at least 3 millimeters.In country houses, panels are taken out to heat the external space, for example, a summer kitchen. In such cases, to increase the efficiency, it is necessary to place a heat-insulating material or foil under the housing.

Mounting process

To make the installation of the infrared heater as simple as possible, it is better to place the panel with the connector against the wall. In most models, the contacts are self-clamping. The delivery package includes elements for fixing the device to the ceiling.

The installation process includes the following steps:

• take the device out of the package and place it on any flat surface with the heating plate down;
• mark the mounting location and make several holes;
• screw the screw rings;
• hang the chains by adjusting the height (if necessary).

secure the device with mounting hooks or brackets.

As you can see, installing infrared heaters with your own hands is not a particularly difficult process. Also, the panels can be mounted on the wall, but the heating effect will be much less.

Installation of different models of IR heaters:

Network connection

The device is connected to a thermostat that will maintain the desired temperature. This is done through three terminals: "ground", "phase" and "zero". Accordingly, the supply cable must be three-core. Alternatively, you can use PVA 3x1.5.

The ends of the cable are connected to the terminals. Polarity is indicated at the ends of the wires. After the device is installed and connected, it is advisable to wipe the panel with an alcohol solution before turning it on.

Connecting multiple devices

If you are interested in installing infrared heaters with your own hands in large rooms, then you need to consider that you will need several devices.To ensure smooth operation, all panels are connected to one thermostat. This will effectively regulate the temperature throughout the facility.

Ceiling infrared heating

Under ceiling infrared heaters away from ? before ? ceiling area. The remaining space is enough to accommodate lighting fixtures and communications. Decorative finishing material, plasterboard panels, false ceilings, etc. do not interfere with the functioning and do not deteriorate themselves.

Diagram of an IR heating film device

• Stage 1. Installation of a heat-reflecting screen
• Initially, a foil heat-reflecting screen (folgoizol, penofol, etc.) is installed on the entire ceiling surface of the room. This achieves an almost twofold increase in the heat flow down. In case of insufficient thermal insulation, it is better to use a heater with a thickness of 10 mm, otherwise a heater with a thickness of 5 mm is enough.
• On a wooden surface, fastening is done with metal staples, an ordinary furniture stapler.
• Fasteners are placed on the concrete floor in increments of 0.5 meters. Most often it is a wooden crate. The strips are fastened with an overlap of 2-3 cm, followed by gluing the joints with foil tape.

Tip: working alone or with an assistant, it is easier to use a 60 cm wide roll of thermal insulation and film material: it is easier to hold and less mistakes are made.

• Stage 2. Installation of film heaters.
• A pre-calculated number of heating elements is attached in the same way as a heat-reflecting material. It is only necessary to install brackets or other fasteners in specially designated places so that the infrared film for the ceiling is not damaged at other points.
• Stage 3. Electrical installation.

Connecting individual elements

• The cross section of the wires is selected according to the total power of the connected heaters.
• All wires are hidden in the cable channel.
• Temperature controllers are mounted in each room at a height of 1.1 - 1.4 m. With a small, up to 5 m2, heated area, they are connected "into a gap" in the line.
• A larger area requires a correspondingly high power heater, and the temperature controller is connected exclusively through a magnetic contactor.
• The mains hidden in the corrugation go to the switchboard, in which power and control wires are connected to automatic machines and magnetic contactors.
• The first testing of the system is carried out after connecting the common "Input".

Installation of heating panels

The calculation of the final load power is carried out, wires, boxes are selected. After that, a shield with differential automata is installed. There are as many differential automata in the shield as the number of rooms planned to be connected. Wiring is laid from the shield.

Ceiling infrared panels can be installed independently. Installation of infrared ceiling heating panels follows the installation procedure for fluorescent lamps.

Calculation of the power of infrared heating

It is not difficult to independently calculate the required equipment. For a 10 m2 area with ceilings of 2.5-3 m, a house with good thermal insulation requires infrared ceiling heaters with a power of 1 kW. More stringent figures can be obtained using the data of a particular device.Of course, we are not talking about the constant consumption of electricity: during operation, the equipment, maintaining the specified mode, works for approximately 20 minutes out of every hour. The effective power consumption for a house with an area of ​​55 m2 is about 2 kW, which is quite a bit!

Electric panel radiant heating

Panel-radiant heating systems are installed in residential premises, offices, retail outlets. Heaters do not overdry the air, are convenient and compact.

Types of heating electric panels

There are such types of panels:

Ceramic

These are “hybrid” devices that work as radiators and convectors at the same time. The outer surface is a glass-ceramic panel, and the back is a heat-accumulating element that provides natural convection. The heater for operation consumes a relatively small amount of electricity, while the heat transfer coefficient is high.

Wall panels "STEP"

These are metal structures 2 cm thick, inside of which there is a nichrome wire. The device is equipped with a reflective heat-insulating layer. Wall panels are classified as energy-saving heaters. They are safe and can be installed in premises of any purpose as primary, backup or supplementary heating. They are not recommended for installation in buildings with a ceiling height of more than 3 m.

Wall, floor, ceiling panels "EINT"

Energy-saving heating devices are reliable and safe. Long-wave infrared radiation has a positive effect on human health, so heaters of this type are suitable for children's rooms. There are "anti-vandal" models that are mounted in public places.Heating is carried out exclusively with the help of radiation, there are no convective elements, due to which dust spreads less.

Do-it-yourself installation of electrical panels

Ease of installation and ease of use are important advantages of the heating system. Installing wall panels is so simple that anyone can handle this job, even if he has no experience in construction and repair work. In addition to the device, the kit includes fasteners and installation instructions. Usually you don't have to buy anything extra.

Work order:

1. Choose a place where you will hang the structure. Most often, heaters are located near the coldest areas (under windows, next to doors) and those areas that need a special thermal regime (for example, near a crib, desktop, etc.).
2. Drill holes in the wall for fixings.
3. Fix the fasteners, hang the heater on them.
4. Connect the device to the network.
5. Make sure it works and is secure.

On this installation can be considered complete. It remains only to mask the wires.

For residential premises, mainly film and panel infrared heaters are used. Gas radiant heating is more suitable for installation in spacious industrial premises with high ceilings and good ventilation, because. combustion products can be released into the air. Gas systems are usually mounted in showrooms of car dealerships, warehouses, workshops. Each system has its own advantages. When choosing, you should be guided by the needs of the owner of a particular room.

Types of IR heating

Ceiling option

On the ceiling of a residential building, you can mount both infrared film and panels as a heating element. In the second case, installation is recommended with a ceiling height of at least 3.5 m: the heat emitted by them can cause discomfort (for example, if it hits the head) and takes up space. On the other hand, the panels can be easily dismantled and reinstalled in another room or taken with you when moving.

For a typical dwelling, where the ceiling height is in the range of 2.7 to 3.2 m, an ergonomic solution is a low-temperature infrared film, the beam of which is safe for the occupants. The heating element in such equipment is aluminum foil, which has the properties of a resistive screen.

Built-in temperature sensors in the ceiling system will save energy and maintain comfortable thermal conditions. The principle of their operation is simple: when the required temperature is reached, they will signal the system to turn off. The heating will start when the sensor signals a decrease in heat below the set level.

Gas infrared heating

It is an integration of gas equipment and thermal energy of infrared radiation. The heating system consists of a mixing chamber and a ceramic plate. Gas and air are mixed in a chamber and then heated in a plate, which is an IR heat flux emitter.

Gas infrared heating contributes to a rapid increase in the temperature in the room, which gives a significant advantage in severe frosts.

Heating with infrared heaters

The infrared heater is based on a tubular or spiral heating element.The typical model is a rectangular device with a metal case covered with heat-resistant enamel. In addition to the heating element, the heater has a thermal insulator, a protective screen, fasteners, power indicators.

The Russian market of infrared heaters has a wide range. Today, there are various color options, you can choose a model that is suitable for size, shape, weight and, of course, price.

IR devices are used for full-scale and local (point) space heating. This is very convenient when you need to create comfort and warmth in the open spaces of the house: on the terrace, in the workshop or pantry.

Film infrared heating systems

The main heating component of such a heating system is the Alson resistive foil. Infrared film components are mounted between thermal insulation and ceiling finishes. This provides an opportunity to hide them from the eyes of the residents of the house or guests.

The heat radiation that comes from these devices is transmitted to the floor, walls or other solid objects in the room. Warm surfaces can distribute heat around the room more evenly.

Ceiling infrared panels for heating in the form of a film unable to burn oxygen, they maintain an optimal level of humidity air in the room, will create the most optimal temperature conditions in the room, and the heat that comes from them resembles the heat that comes from conventional fireplaces.

Advantages and disadvantages of electric infrared heating

To make the final decision on choosing a heating system for your home, you need to carefully study the pros and cons of infrared heating.

What is attractive new generation heating

1. Infrared heat heats objects and people's bodies without using electricity to heat the air. The efficiency of radiant heaters is 90%.
2. IR devices do not dry the air and do not burn oxygen, which is especially valuable for people suffering from respiratory diseases.
3. Radiant systems do not take up much space, they work absolutely silently and without convection, without raising dust during operation.
4. Infrared heating of a private house allows you to save a lot on the installation of equipment and on energy bills. Its installation does not require permits (as for connecting gas), and the energy consumption of such systems is much lower than that of other types of electric heating.
5. Long-wave heaters are absolutely safe for health.
6. The absence of a coolant simplifies the operation of the innovative system - there is no need to drain water, flush radiators and pipes, or worry about leaks.

Comparison of the distribution of warm air flows in traditional radiator and infrared heating systems

Disadvantages of Radiant Heat

The most significant disadvantages can be called the higher cost of electricity compared to the main gas. If gas has already been supplied to the house, then it makes no sense to completely change the system. However, it is possible to use IR emitters zonally as an additional heat source.

The installation of infrared elements must be planned at the repair stage. When installing heaters, the location of furniture and space zoning must be taken into account.This is a minor inconvenience in cases where repairs are not planned in the house or a rearrangement is often carried out.

Home heating with infrared radiation

Classical heating devices - batteries, radiators, convectors of various types, to one degree or another, are also sources of infrared radiation. But the heating of the room occurs with the help of air heated by the device, which is distributed throughout the room by convection currents. Infrared heating devices, such as an infrared convector, work differently. They emit infrared rays that heat the surrounding objects, the ceiling, walls and furniture, and then they heat the air. This method of heating creates a very uniform heating of the room, in contrast to heating by convection currents.

Types of infrared heaters

Today devices are offered in the form of a film, panel version and an IR lamp. Differences are only in design features, localization of impact and installation. When forming ceiling heating, both films and panels are used, but lamps provide spot and zoned heating.

IR panels

Available in the form of thin flat slabs, they allow you to maintain the height and width of the room without changing the size of the area. The device consists of a heating element (heater), a panel that receives and transmits heat, an insulating layer and a plate that reflects electromagnetic waves from the back of the unit. The whole panel is protected by a case with cable, terminals. The heating element is made of ceramics, quartz, tungsten, the materials determine the power of the device.

The decorative coating is also a wave emitter. According to the type of box, there are built-in and hinged panels.The built-in ones look like plasterboard boxes with a heat-insulating coating and a built-in graphite thread, and the hinged ones are products in a case made of heat-resistant glass, plastic, where the heating element is covered with a ceramic or aluminum screen.

Film heaters PLEN

The PLEN heating system is used in the formation of zonal heating. For example, when arranging insulated loggias, balconies, and other open spaces. Unlike panel products, film products can be mounted on any plane, including the ceiling. An exception applies only to stretch fabrics - here manufacturers recommend using cassette IR emitters.

Representing a thin layer of graphite deposited on a thermoplastic film, the unit is supplemented with carbon filaments that produce a heat flux. The main advantage of the system is the interchangeability of modules, so if an element fails, it will be easy to quickly replace it without violating the integrity of the entire system.

infrared lamps

These are self-contained devices powered by the mains. The lamps look like a glass bulb with a tungsten filament inside; glass can be painted brown with an internal mirror coating. The lamp is screwed into the socket, which is protected by the housing, then hung in the desired area.

The advantage of the device is mobility, but the direction of the rays will not allow heating a large room. IR lamps are rarely used to heat rooms, they are placed mainly in small-format compartments, where it is enough to maintain a small level of heat.