Features of the individual heating device in an apartment building

Is it legal to install in an apartment building?

The installation of autonomous heating is regulated by several federal laws:

• Federal Law No. 190-FZ "On Heat Supply".
• Articles 26-27 of the Housing Code.
• Government Decree No. 307.

Where to get permission?

• If the owner is an energy company, the application is sent to the head of the company.
• Homeowners – permission to waive all homeowners. It is easier to do this at a general meeting of tenants, but at the same time you will have to go around all the apartments in order to collect the required number of signatures.

Reference! A permit is not required if the system does not have an owner, and disconnection from the central system will not violate the rights of other residents.

Approximate list of documents

To refuse heating network services, you will need the following set of documents (Article 26 of the Housing Code):

• a petition-statement written in free form;
• technical passport for the apartment indicating the passage of the heating main through the apartment (a photocopy certified by a notary is allowed);
• an extract from the house book, where all the people registered in the apartment are indicated;
• permission of the heat supplier;
• certificate of ownership of real estate;
• consent signed by all apartment owners over 18 years old;
• if the house belongs to architectural monuments, then a permit from the organization for the protection of architectural monuments will be required;
• the conclusion of the commission.

Important! Regulatory authorities cannot require additional documents that go beyond Article 26. A technical project for the reorganization of the system, approved by gas and heat energy suppliers, must be attached to the package of documents.

The package of documents must be accompanied by a technical project for the reorganization of the system, approved by the suppliers of gas and heat energy.

The project shows:

• the impact of an individual heat supply system on the general one (residual level of heating from risers and deck chairs);
• thermal-hydraulic calculations;
• names a new type of system and its influence on the central system of the house.

If the calculations show the possibility of shutdown, then the project can be submitted for approval to the municipality.

If the project shows a negative impact on the thermal system of the house, then it will not be possible to get approval.

How to get them?

Documents are received according to the following algorithm (observance of the order is mandatory becauseeach subsequent instance will require documents from the previous one):

1. District heating network - issues permission to disconnect from the general heating network.

Consent is issued if the declared project does not violate the engineering structures of neighboring apartments. If an unreasonable refusal is issued, then it can be appealed in court.

1. With a letter of agreement, you must contact the suppliers of gas or electricity to obtain conditions for the installation of an autonomous system. Technical documentation is issued within ten days from the date of application.
2. A design organization that develops projects of this type. If the boiler has already been purchased, then the technical passport of the device must be provided to the design organization.

Almost all the technical requirements imposed by the control authorities are spelled out in SNIPE 41-01-2003 "Individual heating systems", clause 6.2 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".

Important! The design organization can carry out the collection and execution of all required papers as an additional service. Collected documents for permission must be sent to the city administration

It can be done:

The collected documents for permission must be sent to the city administration. It can be done:

• personally;
• with the help of a management company.

A decision on the application is made within 45 days, after which the authorities have three days to issue permission or refusal in writing to the applicant.

Municipal authorities are not very willing to give permission to connect heating systems to an apartment. You can get permission to install in court.

How to install a gas boiler for heating in an apartment

It’s not worth telling a lot about the principle of operation of a gas boiler, since everything is already clear there. Water enters the heat exchanger, then it is heated to the required temperature, and then distributed through the heating system.

What you need to have or do before installing individual heating:

• In order to carry out gas heating in an apartment, you must first obtain all permission for this (in the gas service).
• Select, calculate and then purchase the necessary equipment for individual space heating.
• The room or room where the boiler will be located must be prepared accordingly. You can make appropriate repairs, punch a hole on the coaxial pipe if there is no chimney, etc.
• Thanks to the gas heating system in the apartment, you will no longer depend on a centralized gas main.
• It is also necessary to think about the ventilation of the room, as this guarantees the safety of using the unit by all family members.

Of course, it will not be possible to quickly install an individual heating system, since the collection of documents according to the list will take a lot of time.

Below are the conditions under which you can install gas heating in apartments:

• A gas individual boiler in an apartment can be installed in rooms larger than 4 m², but in no case less.
• There should also be more natural light in the room where the individual heating system will be located, that is, the presence of a window (with a window that will open for ventilation) is mandatory.
• A pipeline with cold water must be.
• For individual gas heating, a chimney is needed.If there is no such thing in a high-rise building, then you can install a coaxial pipe that passes through the wall.
• During operation of the gas unit, ventilation must also work well.

If you follow these simple rules, then the installation of individual heating in the apartment will take place quickly and without any problems. You can install an individual system yourself, but still it’s not worth it - it’s better to contact a specialist.

Advantages of the boiler

For the operation of a double-circuit gas boiler, air taken from the street is used, and all combustion products are removed using ventilation pipes. Their level of automation is quite high and you will only need to set the necessary parameters for it to work.

Thanks to a well-thought-out automation system, gas is supplied and ignited in the burners after receiving a positive signal from the existing sensors. This cannot happen spontaneously.

The coolant in the system circulates due to the presence of a pump. Ordinary water or a special antifreeze can be used as a coolant.

Types of systems

To date, two systems are most often used for individual heating of apartments - gas and electric.

Gas autonomous heating system

The layout of the autonomous heating system largely depends on what kind of effect you want from its implementation in your apartment, as well as on the size of the rooms that need to be heated. To install an individual system, you will certainly need a clear plan for the future system.It should be borne in mind that, since you are planning to install a new heating system in the apartment, it should meet all the requirements as much as possible. That is, no original approach or the introduction of unusual ideas - only strict adherence to the rules. To create a system diagram and its further installation, specialists should be invited. Do-it-yourself self-made autonomous heating of an apartment often causes tragedies - so it's better not to risk it.

Gas boiler in a new building

In no case should you start installing the system without collecting the necessary documentation. There are cases when people installed individual heating systems without securing the approval of utilities. As a result - huge fines and forced dismantling of the system.

Many craftsmen involved in the installation of gas equipment for heating apartments note that the most suitable for such purposes is the installation of autonomous heating in an apartment using a wall-mounted boiler. It has a separate combustion chamber and multi-stage protection. In addition, these boilers are equipped with a high-quality smoke exhaust system - it includes a small horizontally directed pipe through which smoke is removed to the street without causing inconvenience to the residents of the apartment.

Modern gas boiler in the kitchen apartments

Consider the main advantages of a gas autonomous heating system:

• affordable cost - the cost of the system, as well as its installation and operation, is quite low. Gas autonomous heating of an apartment can be afforded even by those families whose wealth is moderate.
• a large number of models - in fact, the modern market offers consumers a wide selection of boilers for space heating. You can choose it according to individual characteristics - cost, volume, power, heating area, amount of fuel consumed.
• ease of use - most modern models have the ability to automatically adjust. In addition, you can independently turn the system on and off when required. Also, some models allow you to set the optimal heating temperature and automatically maintain it.

Gas boiler

complete set - today it is easy to find a gas boiler, which is supplemented with all the elements necessary for installing the heating system

In particular, you do not have to invent somethingor to create ventilation.

compactness and noiselessness - despite its importance, a gas heating boiler is a rather small device that can be easily used even in a very small apartment. In addition, it works almost silently - and this is also an important advantage of the system for many.

As already mentioned, it is extremely important to trust the installation of the heating system to professionals. Contact a company specializing in this service, by all means conclude an agreement and get permission for autonomous heating of an apartment

Do not rely on your own strength - the visible simplicity of the installation process is very deceptive. The system requires compliance with all installation features that you may simply not know about. In addition, only a professional will be able to dismantle the elements of the old heating system so that it continues to work throughout the house.

Of course, many are upset by the fact that it is required to pay for the installation of the system - after all, everything can be done by hand

But, few people are able to install it actually correctly, and most importantly - quickly. In addition, a specialist who installs the system can guarantee its performance and safety.

And this is extremely important.

Individual autonomous electric heating

If it is decided to install heating in the apartment using electricity, then more often in this case a double-circuit electric boiler is used. This type of heating is especially effective when constant gas shutdowns occur in an apartment building. To install such a system, only close proximity to an electrical power source is necessary.

Scheme of the autonomous heating system.

But the main advantage of such a system is its compact dimensions and accessibility in installation work.

It is equally important that all the activities of a double-circuit electric boiler are based on the environmentally friendly operation of the unit, it does not emit absolutely any harmful combustion products and does not use air in its work.

To install an electric heating system. no separate area is required, since such an electrical appliance is easily placed on any convenient wall. Moreover, a wall-mounted electric boiler does not require special installation of chimneys, ventilation systems and a separate installation permit, as is the case with a wall-mounted gas boiler.

Installation of a wall-mounted electrical appliance ensures silent operation without various vibrations. Practice shows that such boilers have shown great durability and durability over the entire period of constant operation.And maintenance and repair of electric boilers are much faster and easier than gas equipment. For many consumers, all of these listed factors are decisive in choosing a heating system.

Features of individual apartment heating

If you are going to switch to autonomous heating, you need to realistically assess your capabilities and understand that most of the options that are quite acceptable for private houses are not possible in a high-rise building. Solid fuel and liquid fuel boilers of all varieties should immediately be “swept aside”.

This is due to the fact that for their smooth operation. a fuel supply is required, which is unsafe in an apartment building.

Individual heating in the apartment can be arranged in different ways. There are certainly fewer options than in a private house, but it is quite enough to choose the system that is most suitable for existing conditions.

In addition, it is also extremely inconvenient. It is forbidden to use in this case a warm water floor. It is only possible to install one of its electrical varieties.

You need to know that when arranging individual heating in a high-rise building, you will have to take into account not only your own interests, but also the interests of other residents who may be dissatisfied with some of the difficulties that arise as a result of your actions.

Thus, the correct choice of heat source is very important. This is a crucial stage that determines, in fact, the success of the planned event.

Despite the limitations, there are still quite a lot of options for autonomous systems. First of all, it is gas-fired heating.Moreover, it must be taken into account that we are not talking about bottled fuel, but about connecting to a gas main.

The option with cylinders is not even worth considering, since it will cost much more than centralized heating, and it is extremely inconvenient. Heating on the main gas is very economical and can work completely autonomously.

The best source of heat for one of the apartments in a high-rise building will be a wall-mounted double-circuit boiler with a thermostat and electronic ignition. It will automatically maintain the most comfortable temperature and supply hot water.

If the apartment has enough free space, you should pay attention to the boiler with a boiler. So it will be possible to stabilize the supply of hot water

Electric heating can also be installed in apartment buildings. It can be implemented in several ways, when electricity is used for direct heating, which is more expensive, or indirect.

A gas wall-mounted boiler paired with a boiler will certainly take up a lot of space, but this will ensure an uninterrupted supply of hot water at the desired temperature and in any volume

A system powered by electricity can have a boiler, a heat pump as a heat source, and an electric cable floor, infrared film, skirting boards as an energy transmitter. radiators or electric convectors.

The owner of the apartment can choose any suitable option or combine several. For example, underfloor heating and convectors. Let us consider in detail each of the possible ways of arranging autonomous heating.

Providing heat to apartment buildings centralized heating system

As is known, a significant share of the housing stock is provided with heat centrally. And, despite the fact that in recent years more modern heat supply schemes have appeared and are being introduced, central heating remains in demand, if not among the owners, then among developers of multi-apartment housing. However, it should be noted that many years of foreign and domestic experience in the use of such a heating option has proved its effectiveness and the right to exist in the future, provided that all elements are trouble-free and of high quality.

A distinctive feature of such a scheme is the generation of heat outside the heated buildings, the delivery of which from the heat source is carried out through pipelines. In other words, centralized heating is a complex engineering system distributed over a large area, providing heat to a large number of objects at the same time.

Registration procedure

Before starting the installation of equipment, it is necessary to draw up a project for autonomous heating. Often, gas units are used as the main heating installation in the construction of such systems. The owner needs to contact the supplier of "blue" fuel so that the heating scheme is drawn up correctly. The specialists of the organization will determine the best option for autonomous heating, taking into account specific technical conditions.

The most significant point is the level of pressure in the gas pipeline. If it is insufficient and does not allow for the normal operation of the installation, then about creating gas heating in the apartment you can forget. Then you will have to consider the option of a heating device with a different coolant.As an alternative, you can look at the scheme with an electric boiler or do it easier by installing a “warm floor” in the apartment.

It's interesting: what type of underfloor heating is better to choose.

before going to the gas company, it is necessary to collect a certain list of documents. The owner will need to provide:

1. Technical passport for the apartment. This document should contain information that the dwelling is disconnected from the centralized heat supply.
2. Passport and TIN.
3. A copy of the equipment passport, as well as instructions for its installation.
4. Paid bill for the services of a gas company in the preparation of an individual heating system.

The legislation of the Russian Federation clearly spells out important points regarding the arrangement of autonomous heating on gas. The boiler must be equipped with a chamber closed type combustion and have well-established ways of removing carbon monoxide. If this condition is not met, then for installation of a heating device apartments will be banned.

Individual heating - to be

Since the in-house heating system is part of the common property in an apartment building, any actions for its reconstruction are possible only with the consent of the owners of all apartments. So the "green light" on the way to an individual heating system depends not only on local governments, but also on "good-natured neighbors."

To get a positive decision, it is also very important to choose the right heating equipment. It must be of high quality, must be approved for operation by Rostekhnadzor, have the appropriate certificates, sanitary and epidemiological conclusion

A good, high-quality, well-chosen boiler will provide you with warmth and comfort for many years: do not try to save on it, and even more so, you should not buy a used unit

To obtain a decision on the possibility of transferring an apartment to individual heating, the applicant must submit the following documents to the local administration:

• application of the approved form;
• developed project;
• package of technical documentation for the installation of the system.

The development of the project should be entrusted exclusively to verified licensed organizations. It must contain calculations and conclusions confirming that turning off the central heating in this particular apartment will not affect the operation of the entire system in the house, that the thermal-hydraulic regime of the building will remain within the normal range.

The decision must be made by the commission within one and a half months. In the case of a “positive answer”, the applicant is issued a document allowing him to perform all the repair actions described in the project.

Is it possible to refuse central heating for all residents of the house

Very often a situation arises when the owners of all apartments want to abandon the central heating in an apartment building

In this case, higher-level organizations are more likely to react positively, taking into account the opinion of the majority of residents.

However, when deciding whether it is possible to refuse heating in an apartment, a collision with pitfalls is not ruled out. You need to know about them in order not to get a refusal to connect an individual heating system.

First of all, an unscheduled meeting of owners is required housing of the entire apartment building with mandatory record keeping. The issue of a possible general disconnection from central heating is decided by voting with the result recorded in the protocol.

Next, you need to write a disclaimer. central heating in an apartment building. This document must be signed by each owner of the apartment.

The completed application, together with the minutes of the meeting, must be submitted for consideration to a special commission, which is created to consider issues of this type. At this stage, it should be understood that if the autonomous heating of one house causes a malfunction in the functioning of the general heat supply, the commission may refuse to turn it off. The same result can be obtained if there is no additional load on the electric and gas lines.

If the commission makes a positive decision, then the representative of the homeowners is given a list of organizations whose technical conditions must be taken into account when drawing up project documentation.

The finished project is submitted for approval to the following organizations:

• The company responsible for the energy supply.
• Heating systems.
• Gas service.
• Housing organization.
• The department responsible for the preservation of the monument of architecture.

The agreed project is transferred to a licensed installation organization that will carry out work on the conversion of heating.

After the completion of all installation work, the organizations listed above must accept them and give permission to start the heating system.

What does the law say?

Article 14 of the Federal Law On Heat Supply states

Simply put, you cannot install your own boiler if it is not provided for by the MKD heat supply scheme and if the natural gas energy source does not meet these technical requirements.

As you can see, the legislator does not directly prohibit the installation of an individual heating boiler in an apartment. But for its installation, it is necessary to go through a laborious procedure for collecting signatures from neighbors, agreeing on technical conditions, a project, and the like. Disconnection from the common heat supply system is considered a reorganization (reconstruction) of the common property of an MKD. Accordingly, for its implementation, the consent of all the owners of the premises and the district administration is required. You can read more about the approval procedure in the letter of the Ministry of Construction, as well as the court ruling here.

What about heating bills?

But no, heat supply organizations continue to bill many people who have switched to individual heat for heating, including the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment. I know cases when the Teploset issued a written consent to disconnect the owner from the central system, but continued to issue an invoice. Indeed, why would they be against it, because the fee can continue to be charged. Because the heating system is the same for MKD. And the standard, which would allow allocating payment for heat separately for apartments and common premises, has not yet been adopted.

On this issue, in the Supreme Court in 2015, a representative of the Ministry of Construction explained at a meeting that it was planned to introduce amendments to the law (and now 2018 is coming soon - but there are still no amendments). Litigation concerned just the calculation of payment for heat for an apartment that separated from the common boiler of the Heating System.The Supreme Court in the ruling then indicated that such a calculation is legal and a gap in the law does not detract from its correctness.

And in 2017, the Supreme Court in another case already decided that

When the amendments to the law will be adopted and whether they will be adopted, one can only guess. The Ministry of Construction, in its next letter with answers to questions on the amount of payment for thermal energy for the maintenance of SDI, proposed that it be established by voting at the general meeting of the MKD "based on the principles of humanity, reasonableness and justice" . It's funny, especially about humanity.

My opinion is that such a decision of the general meeting would be contrary to the Rules for utilities and housing code. Because the law does not allow owners to set their own consumption rate and the amount of payment for the service included in the structure of payment for residential premises.

There are still positive decisions in which the court took the side of the owner of the apartment, who installed his own heating system. And it pleases. For example, one of the freshest in my region is here. (unfortunately, p.s was canceled by the presidium in cassation in March 2018, after this article was written). The court considered that the heat supply organization could not prove the provision of heating services to the owner, who heated himself. And if there is no service, there is no payment, including for the total consumption in the MKD.

To install your boiler in an apartment or not is an ambiguous question. There is a high risk that, having gone through all the rounds of project approval and obtaining permission, the owner will still receive a receipt for payment from the Heating Network.

At the moment, I do not recommend going to court with lawsuits to challenge the charges for heating - the courts refuse to satisfy them in all regions, you need to wait for the adoption of the law on heating payments (there is already a draft), or the opinion of the Constitutional Court.

P.S. it didn’t take long to wait - in December 2018, the Constitutional Court instructed the government to develop a calculation for paying for heating by individuals. Read more in the article about the practice of the Supreme Court in 2018

heating bill calculation
from (Updated: 12/01/2019)