How to install individual heating in the apartment

Boilers in apartments

This option for heating an apartment in an apartment building has been used relatively recently in modern new buildings and residential buildings after reconstruction. Autonomous apartment structures provide the highest level of comfort in the apartment. The owners themselves determine the temperature schedule for the operation of the boiler, regardless of third-party heat supply organizations. Such a system starts and turns off only when necessary, avoiding unnecessary consumption of energy resources.

Among the disadvantages of individual heating are the need to provide maintenance and repair of installed equipment and dependence on stable electricity in the network. Many residents are faced with the necessary choice of a company for professional service and the development of additional protection.

Required documents

Installing your own heating system refers to the refurbishment of a dwelling. The list of required papers includes the following:

• An application made in a special form;
• Documents establishing the right to own housing: a certificate of state registration, an act of transfer to ownership, a donation agreement, a document on the right of inheritance, etc.;
• If the apartment is in shared ownership, certified copies for each owner, and a statement with the signatures of all owners;
• A copy of the technical passport of the premises;
• In the case of public housing, the consent of the family members of the tenant and the tenants of the apartment building is required. The document is drawn up in the form of minutes of the meeting of apartment owners;
• If the house is an architectural or historical value, they apply to the body responsible for the protection of architectural monuments, which issues a conclusion on the possibility of redevelopment.

In addition to the above, technical documentation is also provided:

• Redevelopment project for the installation of a gas boiler. Includes gasification of the premises and changes to the central heating system;
• A copy of the passport for the electric boiler;
• An agreement confirming the permission of the maximum power that exceeds the capabilities of the boiler (electric);
• TU for disconnecting the wiring in the apartment from the common house heating system;
• TU ventilation;
• Specifications for supplying gas networks.

So, where can a tenant get the necessary documents? Collecting the required certificates can take a lot of time and effort, as you will have to contact various organizations:

• To obtain permission to turn off the apartment from the centralized heating system, they turn to the city heating network. The organization issues a refusal if the removal of radiators will lead to a malfunction of the equipment in neighboring apartments;
• To obtain technical specifications for the installation of a gas installation, a gas service gives. Apply to the district housing office;
• The design organization is contacted for a conversion plan. The document should contain information about the future system, technical solutions, calculations;
• Next, it is necessary to coordinate the redevelopment project with organizations from which technical specifications were obtained, with the fire service and SES authorities.

The end of the official registration of the autonomous heating installation will be the receipt of the acceptance certificate. The document is obtained when all the installation work of the new system is completed.

Autonomous electric heating options

The operation of an individual heating system on electricity is possible in two versions: direct and indirect. The choice of one or the other should be based on the characteristics of each.

Electric heating direct heating

With direct heating, electrical energy will be directly converted into heat. There are several systems that can be arranged in an apartment.

1. Installation of radiators or convectors. The first are devices operating on mineral oil. Their operation can be controlled by the installed temperature controller.Some models are equipped with automation. The advantages of heating radiators in rapid heating, which allows you to heat the room in a fairly short time. Also, they can be installed anywhere where there is a supply to electricity. Unlike radiators, convectors operate on air heated by built-in heating elements. You can mount such devices both on the wall and on the floor.
2. "Warm floor". It is a special mats or cables laid under the floor covering or screed. When turned on, the entire floor area is heated, which allows the heat to spread more evenly. The system is equipped with sensors that monitor the temperature in the room. As soon as the degree rises to the set one, the heating is automatically turned off and, conversely, when the temperature drops, the system turns on the heating. It is also possible to set different levels of heat in different rooms. The advantages of "warm floors" in their safety, fast heating and easy installation in any floor base. Of the minuses, one can single out a large consumption of electricity, so it is recommended to use such a heating system as an additional one.
3. Infrared heating. Represents surfaces assembled from a special film with graphite paste, which are laid on the floor or ceiling. When current passes through the paste, infrared radiation appears. The rays move until they meet an insurmountable obstacle in the way in the form of furniture, floor or ceiling. They linger and begin to heat the object that blocked their path. Having warmed up, the floor or ceiling gives off heat to the air and the temperature in the room quickly rises.The main advantage of infrared heating is the most comfortable temperature distribution for a person, at which the bottom of the room will always be warmer than the top. The system has built-in temperature control sensors that can turn the heating on and off as needed. The film is mounted in the finish of the floor or ceiling and does not spoil the appearance of the room at all.
4. Water electric heating. It is a closed circuit in which the coolant is heated by an electric boiler. The efficiency of the system depends on the type of boiler used. The most common option with a heating element, when tubular electric heaters are used to operate the equipment. The disadvantage of these is low efficiency and high power consumption. There are also electrode boilers. The electricity consumption in them is the same, but they will last much longer than the heating elements.

"Warm floor" - one of the options for an individual heating system

You can buy heating equipment powered by electricity both as the main one and in addition to a gas or solid fuel boiler.

Electric heating indirect heating

It is a pumping thermal equipment of various types. Electricity in such systems is consumed only to maintain the operation of the pump, which accumulates heat from the air masses in the room. It is better to use this heating option in an area where there are no severe frosts, and the temperature regime is relatively stable.

Air-to-air or air-to-water pumps are used to heat the apartment. The former are similar in functionality to air conditioners, so they can be used in summer to cool indoor air.The disadvantage of indirect heating is the high cost of equipment and installation, but in the future it will pay for itself.

Getting Started with Heating

If the desired document was received and the apartments were allowed to make an individual heating system, you can proceed to the technical side of the issue. It should be noted right away that there are no surprises here. Each of the stages corresponds to the arrangement of heating in a private house.

In the course of the work, it will be necessary to solve a number of tasks:

• Choosing a heating boiler and its location
• The choice of heating radiators
• Pipe selection
• Coolant circulation method
• Wiring

Choosing a heating boiler and its location

First of all, you need to purchase a heating boiler - the basis of the entire system. The choice for an apartment is small. We'll have to stop at gas dual-circuit models with a special closed combustion chamber.

For the operation of the modern heating boilers under consideration, there is no need to equip a special chimney and flue. A small pipe, brought out into the street, will take the required amount of air. The special design of the chimney removes combustion products as safely as possible for the residents of the apartment and neighbors, without causing inconvenience to anyone.

The main disadvantage of such equipment is the high cost. Prices on the wound start from 600 USD. e. At the same time, experts do not recommend, for security reasons, to stop at the cheapest installations, giving preference to proven brands and models around $ 900-1200

Selection of pipes and radiators

Of course, individual heating in an apartment building will be much more stable than central heating. The quality of the coolant circulating inside is much better.

You do not need to spend a lot of money on the purchase of expensive pipes and radiators. However, it is not recommended to hang cast-iron radiators on the wall and lay steel lines. They will create an excessive load on the walls.

When choosing pipes, preference is given to plastic models. They are one of 2 types:

• Polypropylene is one of the most affordable varieties, the installation of which is simple and does not require a specialized set of tools. Reinforced products are more resistant, as their thermal expansion is reduced
• Cross-linked polypropylene is a more expensive material. The special structure of the products guarantees their durability and excellent thermal conductivity. An extradent (special tool) is required for installation

Among the variety of heating radiators, preference is usually given to aluminum or bimetallic models. They dissipate heat well and have an excellent aesthetic appearance.

Another solution to the problem can serve as water floors.

It is very important that the height of the premises allows you to increase the floor screed, the heating system does not create a serious load on the floor and does not cause trouble to the neighbors.

Coolant circulation method

The circulation of the coolant can be one of 2 types:

• Natural
• Forced

There is no possibility to organize individual heating in an apartment building with natural circulation. The rooms are not high enough. The heater is usually located on the wall. Therefore, it will be higher than heating radiators.

You will have to equip a system with forced circulation. When purchasing modern boilers, an expansion tank and a coolant transfer pump are already built into them.

Wiring

The most inexpensive implementation is to run a pipe around the perimeter of the entire apartment. You will get only one closed loop, to which the radiators cut in parallel.

The most aesthetic and practical is the collector or beam wiring, in which each heater is connected separately. Pipes, as a rule, are laid directly into the floor surface. If the floor is wooden, you can lay pipes between the joists. In this case, all work must be carried out by public utilities.

Summing up

Certainly, gas is one of the cheapest traditional sources of energy. You can achieve significant savings by laying individual heating in an apartment building and connecting hot water. But it is necessary to make a decision exclusively for the long term.

You should understand the complexity and know the cost of the issue being resolved. You need to do everything you need immediately after the end of the heating period, in order to have time to arrange and rebuild everything before the next cold weather. In addition, the work is associated with high initial costs. The total estimate can reach 150-200 thousand rubles, which will have to be repaid for more than one subsequent year.

Gas boilers for heating an apartment - the basics of choice

According to the type of installation, gas boilers can be wall-mounted and floor-standing. Both of them can be installed in apartments. More acceptable from an aesthetic point of view and for ease of placement are wall-mounted options. They have dimensions comparable to the dimensions of hanging kitchen cabinets and fit well into the interior.With the installation of floor boilers is somewhat more complicated - not all of them can be placed close to the wall, although there are such options. It all depends on the location of the chimney pipe. If it comes out at the top, then the unit can be moved to the wall.

The floor gas boiler looks a little worse

There are also single and double circuit models. Single-circuit work only for heating. Double-circuit - both for heating and for heating water for hot water supply. If your water is heated by another device, a single-circuit boiler will suit you. If you are going to heat water with a gas boiler, you will have to choose another heating method: a flow coil or an indirect heating boiler. Both options have drawbacks. When using a coil (flowing water heating), not all boilers stably “keep” the set temperature. To maintain it, it is necessary to set special operating modes (called differently in different boilers, for example, “hot water priority” in Navien, Beretta or “comfort” in Ferrolli). Boiler heating has a drawback: a certain amount of gas is spent to maintain a constant temperature of the water in the tank. Because the fuel consumption is higher. In addition, the supply of hot water is limited. And after it is used up, you have to wait until a new batch heats up. Which of the methods of heating water is more suitable for you, choose the one. With flow heating, be guided by the productivity of hot water per minute, and with boiler heating, by the volume of the tank.

The gas boiler can be single-circuit or double-circuit

Gas boilers differ in the type of burner used: they are single-position, two-position and modulated.The cheapest are single-position, but they are also the most uneconomical, as they are always turned on at 100% power. Two-position ones are a little more economical - they can work at 100% power and at 50%. The best ones are modulated. They have a lot of operating modes and therefore save fuel. Their performance is controlled by automation, which supplies exactly the amount of gas that is required at the moment to maintain the specified temperature.

This is how a modulating burner burns in a gas boiler

The burner is located in the combustion chamber. The chamber can be open or closed. Open-type chambers take oxygen for gas combustion from the room, and combustion products are removed through an atmospheric chimney. Closed-type chambers are equipped with a coaxial chimney (a pipe in a pipe), and oxygen for combustion is taken from the street: combustion products are discharged along the central contour of the coaxial chimney, and air enters through the outside.

Types of heating systems for apartment buildings

Depending on the structure, characteristics of the coolant and piping layouts, the heating of an apartment building is divided into the following types:

According to the location of the heat source

• Apartment heating system, in which the gas boiler is installed in the kitchen or in a separate room. Some inconveniences and investments in equipment are more than offset by the ability to turn on and regulate heating at your discretion, as well as low operating costs due to the absence of losses in heating mains. If you have your own boiler, there are practically no restrictions on the reconstruction of the system. If, for example, the owners wish to replace the batteries with warm water floors, there are no technical obstacles to this.
• Individual heating, in which its own boiler room serves one house or residential complex. Such solutions are found both in the old housing stock (stokers) and in new elite housing, where the community of residents decides for themselves when to start the heating season.
• Central heating in an apartment building is most common in typical housing.

The device of central heating of an apartment building, heat transfer from the CHP is carried out through a local heat point.

According to the characteristics of the coolant

• Water heating, water is used as a heat carrier. In modern housing with apartment or individual heating, there are economical low-temperature (low-potential) systems, where the temperature of the coolant does not exceed 65 ºС. But in most cases and in all typical houses, the coolant has a design temperature in the range of 85-105 ºС.
• Steam heating of an apartment in an apartment building (water vapor circulates in the system) has a number of significant drawbacks; it has not been used in new houses for a long time, the old housing stock is being transferred to water systems everywhere.

According to the wiring diagram

The main heating schemes in apartment buildings:

• Single-pipe - both the supply and return selection of the coolant to the heating devices is carried out along one line. Such a system is found in "Stalinka" and "Khrushchev". It has a serious drawback: the radiators are arranged in series and, due to the cooling of the coolant in them, the heating temperature of the batteries drops as they move away from the heat point.In order to maintain heat transfer, the number of sections increases in the direction of the coolant. In a pure one-pipe circuit, it is impossible to install control devices. It is not recommended to change the configuration of the pipes, install radiators of a different type and size, otherwise the operation of the system may be seriously impaired.
• "Leningradka" is an improved version of a single-pipe system, which, thanks to the connection of thermal appliances through a bypass, reduces their mutual influence. You can install regulating (non-automatic) devices on radiators, replace the radiator with a different type, but of a similar capacity and power.

On the left is a standard one-pipe system, to which we do not recommend making any changes. On the right - "Leningrad", it is possible to install manual control valves and correctly replace the radiator

The two-pipe heating scheme of an apartment building has become widely used in Brezhnevka, and is still popular to this day. The supply and return lines are separated in it, so the coolant at the entrances to all apartments and radiators has almost the same temperature, replacing radiators with a different type and even volume does not significantly affect the operation of other devices. Batteries can be equipped with control devices, including automatic ones.

On the left is an improved version of the one-pipe scheme (analogous to the "Leningrad"), on the right is a two-pipe version. The latter provides more comfortable conditions, precise regulation and gives more opportunities for replacing the radiator.

The beam scheme is used in modern non-standard housing. The devices are connected in parallel, their mutual influence is minimal. Wiring, as a rule, is carried out in the floor, which allows you to free the walls from pipes.When installing control devices, including automatic ones, accurate dosing of the amount of heat in the premises is ensured. Technically, both partial and complete replacement of the heating system in an apartment building with a beam scheme within the apartment with a significant change in its configuration is possible.

With a beam scheme, the supply and return lines enter the apartment, and the wiring is carried out in parallel by separate circuits through the collector. Pipes are usually placed in the floor, radiators are connected neatly and discreetly from below

Issuance of a permit

Rules for the provision of public services

There is an erroneous opinion that the execution of permits for an apartment with apartment heating is almost impossible to do. However, for this you only need to know the basic laws and adhere to technical standards.

According to paragraph 44 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307, gas boilers with the following characteristics are allowed for installation as heating equipment in apartment buildings.

• Closed combustion chamber;
• The device for monitoring the state of the flame in a gas burner is an automation system;
• The operating temperature should not exceed 95°C, and the maximum pressure in the pipeline is 1 MPa.

Advice. To select the optimal boiler model, it is recommended to contact the gas management company serving the house. Their representatives must provide requirements for this equipment.

Then the following actions should be taken.

Obtaining Technical Specifications from Gorgaz

To do this, you must provide a package of documents confirming the ownership of the premises - a passport from the BTI, a contract of sale, personal data.Within 14 days, representatives of the organization are required to issue a technical specification, which includes an apartment heating scheme.

Be sure to obtain permission from the fire department, which will inspect the ventilation ducts in the house. If the project initially provided for the installation of gas equipment, there will be no problems with this document.

Design part

Having received the technical conditions and permission from the fire service, it is necessary to find a design organization for drawing up an autonomous heating plan. These services are offered by the managing organization, or any other commercial organization that has the appropriate certificates and permits. You cannot do this part of the work yourself, since houses with apartment heating must comply with current safety standards.

The project document contains a scheme for apartment heating, a list of equipment and consumables. For each of them there must be a passport, and in case of its absence, technical information confirmed by the manufacturer and seller. If before that the house had central heating, then the risers are most often left. The plan indicates the place of disconnection from the network, the location of the gas boiler, the scheme of the pipeline and radiators.

Mounting

The entire package of documents is submitted to the administration, which must check their compliance with the technical conditions. After receiving a positive decision, you can proceed with the installation of equipment. It is noteworthy that most of the reviews about apartment heating at the design stage have a negative connotation, as bureaucracy and paperwork takes a lot of time and money.

Important. It is forbidden to independently connect the boiler to the gas main. This should be done only by representatives of the Gorgaz

This should be done only by representatives of Gorgaz.

Having installed the elements of gas per-apartment heating, you can proceed to the stage of coordinating the time of connection to the main. Representatives of the management company must check the status of the installed system and issue a certificate of conformity. Then the boiler is connected to the gas pipe and the integrity and correct operation of the system are checked.

Types of systems

To date, two systems are most often used for individual heating of apartments - gas and electric.

Gas autonomous heating system

The layout of the autonomous heating system largely depends on what kind of effect you want from its implementation in your apartment, as well as on the size of the rooms that need to be heated. To install an individual system, you will certainly need a clear plan for the future system. It should be borne in mind that, since you are planning to install a new heating system in the apartment, it should meet all the requirements as much as possible. That is, no original approach or the introduction of unusual ideas - only strict adherence to the rules. To create a system diagram and its further installation, specialists should be invited. Do-it-yourself self-made autonomous heating of an apartment often causes tragedies - so it's better not to risk it.

Gas boiler in a new building

In no case should you start installing the system without collecting the necessary documentation. There are cases when people installed individual heating systems without securing the approval of utilities.As a result - huge fines and forced dismantling of the system.

Many craftsmen involved in the installation of gas equipment for heating apartments note that the most suitable for such purposes is the installation of autonomous heating in an apartment using a wall-mounted boiler. It has a separate combustion chamber and multi-stage protection. In addition, these boilers are equipped with a high-quality smoke exhaust system - it includes a small horizontally directed pipe through which smoke is removed to the street without causing inconvenience to the residents of the apartment.

Modern gas boiler in the kitchen of the apartment

Consider the main advantages of a gas autonomous heating system:

• affordable cost - the cost of the system, as well as its installation and operation, is quite low. Gas autonomous heating of an apartment can be afforded even by those families whose wealth is moderate.
• a large number of models - in fact, the modern market offers consumers a wide selection of boilers for space heating. You can choose it according to individual characteristics - cost, volume, power, heating area, amount of fuel consumed.
• ease of use - most modern models have the ability to automatically adjust. In addition, you can independently turn the system on and off when required. Also, some models allow you to set the optimal heating temperature and automatically maintain it.

Gas boiler

complete set - today it is easy to find a gas boiler, which is supplemented with all the elements necessary for installing the heating system

In particular, you do not have to invent anything to create ventilation.

compactness and noiselessness - despite its importance, a gas heating boiler is a rather small device that can be easily used even in a very small apartment. In addition, it works almost silently - and this is also an important advantage of the system for many.

As already mentioned, it is extremely important to trust the installation of the heating system to professionals. Contact a company specializing in this service, by all means conclude an agreement and get permission for autonomous heating of an apartment

Do not rely on your own strength - the visible simplicity of the installation process is very deceptive. The system requires compliance with all installation features that you may simply not know about. In addition, only a professional will be able to dismantle the elements of the old heating system so that it continues to work throughout the house.

Of course, many are upset by the fact that it is required to pay for the installation of the system - after all, everything can be done by hand

But, few people are able to install it actually correctly, and most importantly - quickly. In addition, a specialist who installs the system can guarantee its performance and safety.

And this is extremely important.

Lawyers Answers 2

Hello. They may succeed, or they may not.

ARBITRATION COURT OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS DISTRICT

REGULATION dated October 26, 2015in case N A15-36 / 2015 The transition to autonomous heating of a dwelling in an apartment building requires the reconstruction of the dwelling, in connection with which it must be carried out in accordance with the norms of Chapter 4 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Housing Code). At the same time, the resolution of the issue of switching to heating residential premises in apartment buildings using individual apartment sources of thermal energy is entrusted by federal legislation to local governments. The possibility of switching to heating using individual apartment sources of thermal energy is provided for by the Federal Law of July 27, 2010 N 190-FZ "On Heat Supply" (hereinafter - Law N 190-FZ). In accordance with article 26 of the Housing Code, the reorganization of a dwelling is carried out in compliance with the requirements of the law in agreement with the local government on the basis of a decision made by it (part 1). According to paragraph 15 of Article 14 of Law N 190-FZ, it is prohibited to switch to heating residential premises in apartment buildings using individual apartment sources of thermal energy, the list of which is determined by the rules for connection (technological connection) to heat supply systems approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, if there is a proper the procedure for connection (technological connection) to the heat supply systems of apartment buildings, with the exception of cases determined by the heat supply scheme.This norm is of a referential nature and establishes a ban on the use of individual apartment sources of thermal energy only if such sources of thermal energy are included in the list determined by paragraph 44 of the Rules for connecting to heat supply systems approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 16, 2012 N 307 ( hereinafter - Rules N 307). The cases defined by the heat supply scheme are exceptional and are taken into account when the general rule provided for in paragraph 15 of Article 14 of Law N 190-FZ is not subject to application to the situation under consideration. In accordance with paragraph 44 of Regulation N 307, the list of individual apartment sources of thermal energy that are prohibited from being used for heating residential premises in apartment buildings if there is a duly connected connection to heat supply systems, with the exception of cases specified by the heat supply scheme, includes sources of thermal energy, operating on natural gas, which do not meet the following requirements: the presence of a closed (hermetic) combustion chamber; the presence of safety automation that ensures the fuel supply is cut off when the supply of electrical energy is interrupted, in the event of a malfunction of the protection circuits, when the burner flame goes out, when the coolant pressure drops below the maximum allowable value, when the maximum allowable temperature of the coolant is reached, as well as in case of violation of smoke removal; coolant temperature - up to 95 degrees Celsius; coolant pressure - up to 1 MPa. Having established that the heater in apartment No. 65 of house No. 28 on Khalilov Street in the city ofKaspiysk does not fall under the list of prohibited use for heating residential premises in apartment buildings if there is a proper connection to heat supply systems, compliance of its installation in the apartment with project documentation, technical specifications, building codes and regulations, fire safety standards, no violations of rights and legitimate interests of citizens, as well as a threat to their life and health, the administration issued a resolution of October 30, 2014 N 1028.

Clarification of the client

Hello, Thanks for the quick response.

To clarify, if I understood correctly from the answer, then in a similar situation they were not forced to redo it, provided that all work was carried out in accordance with the issued project documentation and checked by employees of the gas supervisory service.

But the probability of a negative answer still remains?

Individual apartment heating: how not to break the Law when transferring an apartment to individual heating.