Gas heating in an apartment: how to make an individual circuit in an apartment building

Gas heating in the apartment

Such a system is a closed circuit with a coolant circulating inside. A gas-fired boiler is used to heat the liquid. It can be single or dual circuit. It all depends on the needs of the people living in the apartment. As you know, gas boilers can be floor or wall. For apartments, the second option is selected.

These are compact yet powerful devices. For an apartment, you should choose a heater with a closed burner. Such devices do not take air from the room and do not require the arrangement of a traditional chimney system.

The latter is far from always possible in an apartment building. Boilers with turbocharging require a special type of chimney, which is quite easy to equip.

What are the benefits for the owner of gas heating? First of all, it ceases to depend on the timing of the heating season. The boiler is ready for use at any time and can be started as needed.

The cost of fuel is relatively low. When compared with heating with electricity, for example, the operation of the boiler will be much cheaper. In addition, if you install thermostatic valves on batteries and purchase an automatically controlled heating unit, you will be able to save on its operation.

In new buildings with individual heating of apartments, the problem of smoke removal from a gas boiler can be solved in this way: the picture shows pipes through which street air enters the burner. Smoke is discharged into the central flue

This is due to the fact that automation will regulate the temperature in the premises, selecting the most economical mode of operation and turning off the equipment when the set temperature is reached. "Manually" with all the desire to do this will not succeed.

The advantages include the compactness of gas heating equipment, its high efficiency and quite budgetary cost. The solution also has disadvantages. The most obvious ones are related to the potential danger posed by gas heating.

The owner of the apartment will be required to obtain a package of permits for the installation of gas equipment. At the same time, you need to understand that it will be received only if the apartment fully complies with safety requirements.The purchased equipment must be certified.

Installation, connection and subsequent maintenance should only be carried out by specialists. In general, gas equipment should be handled with extreme care and no amateur performance, whether it is a hand-made part for the boiler or an independent repair of the device, is unacceptable here.

Gas equipment is considered potentially dangerous. It must be handled with extreme care. Its maintenance, installation and repair should only be carried out by certified specialists.

The disadvantages include the volatility of the system, which will not work without electricity. Despite the shortcomings, practice shows that it is gas heating that is becoming the most common choice among apartment owners.

It allows you to get the maximum cost savings and at the same time get efficient heating of your home. The possibility of parallel arrangement of hot water supply makes this solution even more attractive.

What are the types of heating systems in an apartment building?

Depending on the installation of the heat generator or the location of the boiler room:

1. 1. Autonomous system in the apartment, where the heating boiler is mounted in a separate room or in the kitchen. The cost of buying a boiler, radiators and related piping materials is returned quickly, since such an autonomous system can be adjusted based on your own considerations regarding the temperature regime in the house. In addition, an individual pipeline does not lose heat, but on the contrary, it helps to heat the premises, as it is laid around the apartment or house.An individual boiler does not need to be adapted for the reconstruction of centralized heating - once drawn up and implemented, the heating scheme will work for a lifetime. And, finally, the already working circuit can be supplemented in parallel or in series with circuits, for example, a “warm floor”;
   2. An option for individual heating, which is designed to serve the entire apartment building or an entire residential complex, is a mini-boiler room. Examples include old boiler houses serving the quarter, or new complexes for one or more houses on different energy sources - from gas and electricity to solar panels and thermal sources;

1. A centralized heating scheme in a multi-storey building is the most common working solution to the problem so far.

Heating schemes depending on the parameters of the working fluid:

1. 1. Heating on ordinary water, in the pipes of which the coolant does not heat up above 65-700C. This is a development from the field of low-potential systems, but most often old circuits work with a working fluid temperature reaching 80-1050C;
   2. Heating is steam, where not hot water moves in the pipes, but steam under pressure. Such systems are a thing of the past, and today they are practically not used in the delivery of heat and heating of any type of apartment buildings.

Based on the piping diagram:

1. 1. The most common is a single-pipe heating system for a multi-storey building, where both the supply pipes and the return pipes are one line of the heating main.Such a scheme can still be found in "Khrushchev" and "Stalinka", but in practice it has a big drawback: batteries or radiators connected in series in the circuit do not provide uniform heat transfer - each next heater will be a little colder, and the last radiator in pipeline will be the coldest. For at least approximately the same distribution of heat throughout the premises, each next radiator in the circuit must be equipped with a larger number of sections. In addition, in a single-pipe heating scheme in a five-story building, it is impossible to use radiators that do not meet the design parameters, and devices for adjusting heat transfer - valves, etc. regulation;
   2. The Leningradka scheme is a more advanced solution, but according to the same one-pipe scheme. In this scheme, there is a bypass (pipe jumper), which can connect or disconnect additional heating devices, thereby regulating heat transfer in the room;

1. A more advanced two-pipe heating system in an apartment building began its existence with the construction of buildings according to the project of the so-called Brezhnevka - a panel house. The supply and return in such a scheme work separately, so the temperature of the working fluid at the inlets and outlets of the apartments of a 9-storey building is always the same, as in radiators or batteries. Another plus is the possibility of mounting an automatic or manual control valve on each heating device;
2. The beam (collector) scheme is the latest development for non-standard housing. All heaters are connected in parallel, and given that this is a closed oo system in an apartment building, the piping can be made hidden.When implementing a beam scheme, all control devices can limit or increase the heat supply in a dosed manner.

Basic rules for gasification in an apartment

In the process of drawing up individual technical conditions, the purposes of gas use by the owner of the apartment are taken into account, including the number of gas appliances installed. It is on the basis of this information that a list of requirements is compiled.

Employees of GorGaz do not always include mandatory rules for the installation of gas equipment in the technical specifications, therefore, due to their failure to comply, an employee of the Ministry of Emergency Situations will be forced to postpone the date of gas connection

You can get acquainted with the established rules for the installation of gas equipment inside the apartment in the document SP 42-101-2003 “General provisions for the design and construction of gas distribution systems from metal and polyethylene pipes”.

According to the document, there are a number of minimum requirements established for all gas consumers:

• painting the gas pipe white;
• ensuring the sealing of the chimney installation site with cement mortar;
• installing a grate on a ventilation duct;
• installation of a kitchen door with a 3 cm undercut from the floor, and installation of a decorative grille at a distance of 10 cm from the floor;
• installation of electrical outlets next to the boiler, and an alarm located in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe gas meter;
• purchase of a voltage stabilizer for the boiler;
• obligatory purchase of a gas stove until the inspection is carried out by the inspector;
• connection of gas-using equipment with stainless steel hoses, no more than 1.5 m long;
• purchase of a gas stove equipped with a “gas-control” system;
• availability of all necessary technical documentation for the gas equipment used.

Non-compliance of gas-using equipment with elementary technical requirements is already the basis for refusal to conclude an agreement by the gas supply service.

In order not to slow down the process of connecting gas in the apartment, it is important to fulfill all the established requirements in advance, and only after that call a specialist for an inspection. For all residents of an apartment building, the installation of indoor gas monitoring sensors is mandatory from June 6, 2019

For all residents of an apartment building, the installation of indoor gas monitoring sensors is mandatory from June 6, 2019

Another prerequisite is the installation in the kitchen of a residential building of "easy" glass, while in an apartment building you will also need to install gas sensors.

Of course, such devices will require additional costs, but this will ensure safety not only for the owner of the apartment, but also for the residents of the entire apartment building.

Heat supply of an apartment building

There are the following methods of heat supply:

1. Installation of a heat pipeline from central heating networks.
2. Installation of an autonomous heating point.

Scheme of a two-circuit heating system.

These methods of heat supply are equally effective, but having an individual heat supply point with autonomous heating for several apartment buildings is much more convenient. Since the distance between the heat supply point and the consumer itself is significantly reduced, which means that heat losses along the heat transfer line are reduced.This heating method is called decentralized or autonomous.

Autonomous heating and its advantages:

1. With autonomous space heating, the source of heat supply is directly located at a minimum distance from the house, which reduces the time of heat supply and the percentage of heat losses, on the basis of which further reductions are obtained associated with the costs of maintaining, servicing and repairing heating systems.
2. Since the heat supply point is nearby, the utility bills are noticeably reduced.
3. Complete independence from the general city schedule. This means that it is always possible to connect the heating for each apartment if necessary.
4. Each apartment owner can set the optimum temperature in the heating system only for their own housing, while it is possible to independently regulate the level of heat supply.
5. There is a great opportunity to install a floor heating system.
6. The presence of an autonomous heat supply point affects the lower cost of an apartment in a new building.

Autonomous heating and its disadvantages:

The scheme of heating a house using a gas double-circuit boiler.

1. For the construction of an autonomous boiler house, a certain place is required, and often the yard of a multi-storey building is chosen for this.
2. For a gas autonomous boiler house, an additional exhaust system for exhaust gases is required.
3. Since autonomous heating is not yet in such demand, the production of boiler equipment has not yet been established. This means that the cost of a decentralized heating system and hot water remains high.

The best option for autonomous apartment heating is heating powered by a central gas pipeline or through a power supply network, which completely depends on the type of boiler. In apartments, it is most practical to use wall-mounted boilers for heating housing, which, in turn, are divided into gas and electric ones.

Is it legal to install in an apartment building?

The installation of autonomous heating is regulated by several federal laws:

• Federal Law No. 190-FZ "On Heat Supply".
• Articles 26-27 of the Housing Code.
• Government Decree No. 307.

Where to get permission?

• If the owner is an energy company, the application is sent to the head of the company.
• Homeowners – permission to waive all homeowners. It is easier to do this at a general meeting of tenants, but at the same time you will have to go around all the apartments in order to collect the required number of signatures.

Reference! A permit is not required if the system does not have an owner, and disconnection from the central system will not violate the rights of other residents.

Approximate list of documents

To refuse heating network services, you will need the following set of documents (Article 26 of the Housing Code):

• a petition-statement written in free form;
• technical passport for the apartment indicating the passage of the heating main through the apartment (a photocopy certified by a notary is allowed);
• an extract from the house book, where all the people registered in the apartment are indicated;
• permission of the heat supplier;
• certificate of ownership of real estate;
• consent signed by all apartment owners over 18 years old;
• if the house belongs to architectural monuments, then a permit from the organization for the protection of architectural monuments will be required;
• the conclusion of the commission.

Important! Regulatory authorities cannot require additional documents that go beyond Article 26. A technical project for the reorganization of the system, approved by gas and heat energy suppliers, must be attached to the package of documents.

The package of documents must be accompanied by a technical project for the reorganization of the system, approved by the suppliers of gas and heat energy.

The project shows:

• the impact of an individual heat supply system on the general one (residual level of heating from risers and deck chairs);
• thermal-hydraulic calculations;
• names a new type of system and its influence on the central system of the house.

If the calculations show the possibility of shutdown, then the project can be submitted for approval to the municipality.

If the project shows a negative impact on the thermal system of the house, then it will not be possible to get approval.

How to get them?

Documents are received according to the following algorithm (observance of the order is mandatory, since each subsequent instance will require documents from the previous one):

1. District heating network - issues permission to disconnect from the general heating network.

Consent is issued if the declared project does not violate the engineering structures of neighboring apartments. If an unreasonable refusal is issued, then it can be appealed in court.

1. With a letter of agreement, you must contact the suppliers of gas or electricity to obtain conditions for the installation of an autonomous system. Technical documentation is issued within ten days from the date of application.
2. A design organization that develops projects of this type.If the boiler has already been purchased, then the technical passport of the device must be provided to the design organization.

Almost all the technical requirements imposed by the control authorities are spelled out in SNIPE 41-01-2003 "Individual heating systems", clause 6.2 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".

Important! The design organization can carry out the collection and execution of all required papers as an additional service. Collected documents for permission must be sent to the city administration

It can be done:

The collected documents for permission must be sent to the city administration. It can be done:

• personally;
• with the help of a management company.

A decision on the application is made within 45 days, after which the authorities have three days to issue permission or refusal in writing to the applicant.

Municipal authorities are not very willing to give permission to connect heating systems to an apartment. You can get permission to install in court.

Mounting Features

If desired, the installation of the heating system can be done by hand. Laying pipes and installing heating radiators are not extremely complex activities. The help of professionals will be required when it is necessary to make a gas outlet, connect and start the boiler. Upon completion of the installation, they will check the correct operation of the system.

It is rather difficult to talk about the average cost of such work, since there are some nuances in creating individual heating. Many factors form the final sum. The cost of work is affected by the size of the apartment, the brand of the device and its functions.Also important is the material from which the pipes are made and the prices of individual specialists. But even with serious expenses, the owner in a short time pays back the money spent on creating such a system.

With its help, you can provide a comfortable microclimate in your home at any time.

When choosing a boiler, special attention should be paid to its power, which depends on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe dwelling

Only professionals can properly install the device and adjust its operation. This will require some money. But upon their completion, the owner will have at his disposal an economical and smoothly functioning system. It will provide heat in an urban dwelling, and during operation it will not require much attention.

2 id="vidy-sistem">Types of systems

To date, two systems are most often used for individual heating of apartments - gas and electric.

Gas autonomous heating system

The layout of the autonomous heating system largely depends on what kind of effect you want from its implementation in your apartment, as well as on the size of the rooms that need to be heated. To install an individual system, you will certainly need a clear plan for the future system. It should be borne in mind that, since you are planning to install a new heating system in the apartment, it should meet all the requirements as much as possible. That is, no original approach or the introduction of unusual ideas - only strict adherence to the rules. To create a system diagram and its further installation, specialists should be invited. Do-it-yourself self-made autonomous heating of an apartment often causes tragedies - so it's better not to risk it.

Gas boiler in a new building

In no case should you start installing the system without collecting the necessary documentation. There are cases when people installed individual heating systems without securing the approval of utilities. As a result - huge fines and forced dismantling of the system.

Many craftsmen involved in the installation of gas equipment for heating apartments note that the most suitable for such purposes is the installation of autonomous heating in an apartment using a wall-mounted boiler. It has a separate combustion chamber and multi-stage protection. In addition, these boilers are equipped with a high-quality smoke exhaust system - it includes a small horizontally directed pipe through which smoke is removed to the street without causing inconvenience to the residents of the apartment.

Modern gas boiler in the kitchen of the apartment

Consider the main advantages of a gas autonomous heating system:

• affordable cost - the cost of the system, as well as its installation and operation, is quite low. Gas autonomous heating of an apartment can be afforded even by those families whose wealth is moderate.
• a large number of models - in fact, the modern market offers consumers a wide selection of boilers for space heating. You can choose it according to individual characteristics - cost, volume, power, heating area, amount of fuel consumed.
• ease of use - most modern models have the ability to automatically adjust. In addition, you can independently turn the system on and off when required.Also, some models allow you to set the optimal heating temperature and automatically maintain it.

Gas boiler

complete set - today it is easy to find a gas boiler, which is supplemented with all the elements necessary for installing the heating system

In particular, you do not have to invent anything to create ventilation.

compactness and noiselessness - despite its importance, a gas heating boiler is a rather small device that can be easily used even in a very small apartment. In addition, it works almost silently - and this is also an important advantage of the system for many.

As already mentioned, it is extremely important to trust the installation of the heating system to professionals. Contact a company specializing in this service, by all means conclude an agreement and get permission for autonomous heating of an apartment

Do not rely on your own strength - the visible simplicity of the installation process is very deceptive. The system requires compliance with all installation features that you may simply not know about. In addition, only a professional will be able to dismantle the elements of the old heating system so that it continues to work throughout the house.

Of course, many are upset by the fact that it is required to pay for the installation of the system - after all, everything can be done by hand

But, few people are able to install it actually correctly, and most importantly - quickly. In addition, a specialist who installs the system can guarantee its performance and safety.

And this is extremely important.

Required documents

Installing your own heating system refers to the refurbishment of a dwelling.The list of required papers includes the following:

• An application made in a special form;
• Documents establishing the right to own housing: a certificate of state registration, an act of transfer to ownership, a donation agreement, a document on the right of inheritance, etc.;
• If the apartment is in shared ownership, certified copies for each owner, and a statement with the signatures of all owners;
• A copy of the technical passport of the premises;
• In the case of public housing, the consent of the family members of the tenant and the tenants of the apartment building is required. The document is drawn up in the form of minutes of the meeting of apartment owners;
• If the house is an architectural or historical value, they apply to the body responsible for the protection of architectural monuments, which issues a conclusion on the possibility of redevelopment.

In addition to the above, technical documentation is also provided:

• Redevelopment project for the installation of a gas boiler. Includes gasification of the premises and changes to the central heating system;
• A copy of the passport for the electric boiler;
• An agreement confirming the permission of the maximum power that exceeds the capabilities of the boiler (electric);
• TU for disconnecting the wiring in the apartment from the common house heating system;
• TU ventilation;
• Specifications for supplying gas networks.

So, where can a tenant get the necessary documents? Collecting the required certificates can take a lot of time and effort, as you will have to contact various organizations:

• To obtain permission to turn off the apartment from the centralized heating system, they turn to the city heating network.The organization issues a refusal if the removal of radiators will lead to a malfunction of the equipment in neighboring apartments;
• To obtain technical specifications for the installation of a gas installation, a gas service gives. Apply to the district housing office;
• The design organization is contacted for a conversion plan. The document should contain information about the future system, technical solutions, calculations;
• Next, it is necessary to coordinate the redevelopment project with organizations from which technical specifications were obtained, with the fire service and SES authorities.

The end of the official registration of the autonomous heating installation will be the receipt of the acceptance certificate. The document is obtained when all the installation work of the new system is completed.

Technical side

How to make wiring from a gas boiler, if the decision to switch to individual heating is not only accepted, but also implemented by you?

No surprises are expected here. An autonomous heating system in a city apartment is no different from autonomous heating in a cottage; and they have vast experience.

Circulation

We are not talking about natural circulation simply because you cannot provide the height difference between the boiler and the radiators necessary for it. The wall-mounted boiler will be located above, and not below, the heating devices.

Heating appliances

Individual heating, unlike central heating, implies the stability of the coolant parameters. The temperature will not exceed the set one; hydroblows can not be expected.

If so, the obvious choice would be aluminum radiators. Beautiful, not expensive and having excellent heat dissipation per section.

Inexpensive heating device with excellent heat dissipation.

Pipes

We remember about the stability of heating parameters. Therefore, you can not waste time and money on expensive and difficult to install steel pipes. Our choice is plastic.

Which one?

• Reinforced polypropylene pipes for heating are the cheapest option, requiring a minimum set of tools and few skills for installation. Reinforcement is needed not so much for reasons of strength, but to reduce the thermal expansion of filling and piping.
• Cross-linked polyethylene is somewhat more expensive on its own; in addition, for installation, it requires the purchase of a rather expensive tool - an extender.
  What will we gain in exchange for the costs? Greater durability and greater resistance to temperature and pressure (which, as we remember, is not a determining factor).

Cross-linked polyethylene is used here.

Wiring

If the layout of the apartment allows you to run a pipe along its perimeter, the cheapest to implement will be a simple one-pipe barrack-type wiring (the so-called Leningradka). The bottling forms a closed loop; heaters do not break it, but crash in parallel. A circuit with bypasses under each battery allows you to regulate the temperature of each of them independently.

Single-pipe wiring is somewhat inconvenient in that you have to circle the doors from below or above - the entrance and the balcony. However, two-pipe wiring will allow you to form only two independent semi-circuits on both sides of ONE of the doors. The second will still have to circle.

From the point of view of aesthetics and convenience, the beam (collector) scheme for connecting radiators is optimal.It implies that each heater is equipped with its own supply, which usually fits into the floor. The obstacle was already mentioned when we touched on the installation of a warm floor: not everywhere the height of the ceiling will allow you to raise the floor by the thickness of the screed.

Wiring can pass under the finishing floor. You need a cavity only a couple of centimeters high.

Boilers in apartments

This option heating an apartment in an apartment building began to be used relatively recently in modern new buildings and residential buildings after reconstruction. Autonomous apartment structures provide the highest level of comfort in the apartment. The owners themselves determine the temperature schedule for the operation of the boiler, regardless of third-party heat supply organizations. Such a system starts and turns off only when necessary, avoiding unnecessary consumption of energy resources.

Among the disadvantages of individual heating are the need to provide maintenance and repair of installed equipment and dependence on stable electricity in the network. Many residents are faced with the necessary choice of a company for professional service and the development of additional protection.

Basic requirements for the placement of a wall-mounted heater

The room where the wall-mounted gas or electric boiler will be located must comply with certain standards and requirements. Due to some features, as well as the type of fuel itself, more difficult conditions for placement and installation are provided for gas equipment.Compliance with all simple rules will allow not only to maintain a comfortable temperature in the apartment during the cold season, but also provide some security in the future.

1. The area of ​​the room must be at least 4 m² with a ceiling height of 2.5 m or more and an entrance door of at least 80 cm wide.
2. This room should have at least one window designed for natural light.
3. It is forbidden to place other gas or electrical equipment at a distance of 30 cm from the wall-mounted boiler.
4. When installing wall-mounted gas equipment, special ventilation is required, and fireproof material must be installed directly between the boiler and the wall.

Installation of a wall-mounted gas or electric boiler:

1. The main differences in installing a wall-mounted gas boiler from electrical equipment are certain requirements, which include the presence of a special chimney and ventilation system.
2. For a wall-mounted electric boiler, only a separate connection to the water supply and drain system is required.
3. To install a wall-mounted heating boiler, you should choose a sufficiently strong load-bearing wall in the apartment.
4. Before starting installation work, it is necessary to choose the optimal height for the boiler and make appropriate marks there (in this case, a height of 1.0-1.6 m from the floor level is recommended), after which the mounting strips should be fixed in this place.
5. If the installation of the boiler is carried out independently, then you should strictly adhere to the installation diagrams and instructions from the manufacturer, which are contained in the instructions attached to the equipment.
6. Depending on the type of pipes to be installed, different connection methods can be used: coupling, threaded, flanged.You can also use compression fittings and the cold welding method.

Knowing where to start and how to properly install equipment for individual heating of an apartment in a multi-storey building, you can spend less personal time, reduce the cost of equipment and a heating system. The main thing is to adhere to certain rules and regulations for installation and maintenance of heating equipment. Otherwise, in the further operation of the devices, you may encounter leaks, freezing of the coolant and frequent equipment breakdowns.

How to make an efficient heating system in the apartment with your own hands

No matter how technologically advanced modern houses are, in order to maintain a comfortable temperature in the home in winter, a person must artificially compensate for the inevitable heat losses. That is why heating is needed in the apartment. In most countries of the post-Soviet space, the situation with the energy efficiency of the housing stock is still not very good, where, among other things, heavily worn-out systems are operated. When making “European-style repairs” in old buildings, the owners necessarily face the problem of a complete replacement or modernization of heating, almost always it has to be redone by the owners of apartments in new buildings. All activities related to heating are expensive, energy-intensive, technically complex. Therefore, the customer of the work, who is to replace the heating system in the apartment, should understand the main points.

It is advisable to change the risers in old houses. It is better to agree with the neighbors and do this by passing the overlap