Gas boiler room for an apartment building: norms and rules for arrangement

Norms of SNiP in the case of a separate furnace

A separate boiler room should be placed as practical as possible both in terms of fire safety, but also in terms of saving free space.

Important! Any device that runs on gas makes noise during operation, but if the room with it is located independently from the house, then there is no need to worry about this. For this reason, if the boiler room is located outside the house, but somewhere nearby on the site, then consider not only the basic requirements for a boiler room in a private house, but also a number of auxiliary rules

For this reason, if the boiler room is located outside the house, but somewhere nearby on the site, then consider not only the basic requirements for a boiler room in a private house, but also a number of auxiliary rules.

The foundation of this separate building must not come into contact with the foundation of the house itself.
The roof of the building, as well as the walls, must be made exclusively from refractory materials.
The composition of the concrete solution used in construction must necessarily contain sand.
The heating boiler needs a separate foundation

At the same time, it is important that, because of this, the device does not rise too much above the floor level - no more than 20 centimeters.

Moreover, where it is planned to install a heater, a sewer line should be laid so that, if necessary, the owner can always release the coolant from the system.

See also our guide on how to make a boiler piping with your own hands

Where should the boiler be located?

A very serious issue is the correct location of the boiler room. Most often, in apartment buildings, boiler rooms are installed either on the roof or in the basement. provide for the presence of the latter only in the basement or.

True, sometimes you can also see boiler rooms located in small buildings, standing a few tens of meters from the house.This can be a good solution: there is no need to lift and install equipment on the roof of the building, but at the same time there is no risk of explosion due to fuel leakage and accumulation in the basement of the building.

But still, this method is not very popular: the need for additional construction, pouring the foundation and carrying out a large amount of land work scares away many potential owners of autonomous heating boilers. Therefore, only two options are usually considered - a boiler on the roof and in the basement. And it is worth talking about them in a little more detail.

A few words about cons

Despite the presence of such noticeable advantages, rooftop boilers have certain disadvantages. Among them, we can single out the need to use the most advanced equipment designed for the installation of components of the heating system. In this case, you still need to strictly adhere to the rules and requirements. These are restrictions regarding the weight of the equipment, and it is the boiler that is the main component of the total mass.

As practice shows, copper heat exchangers are of the highest quality. An additional complication lies in the fact that the presented heating system simply cannot do without automatic control and management. On the other hand, it should be noted that the described boiler houses can safely be called an achievement in the field of energy supply for various objects. Because of this, it is logical to assume that in the coming years it is this equipment that will completely displace the remaining boiler options from the market.

Roof boiler room - heating system

As for the boiler itself for roof heating systems, it is preferable to place it in the form of autonomous ITPs on the roof and upper technical levels of buildings, therefore such boiler houses have the corresponding name - "roof". As for the advantages of such placement, then, firstly, the need for land allocation or the construction of a separate building in the form of a boiler room is immediately eliminated. Secondly, relatively short communications and constant free access to them make it possible to carry out technical inspection of pipelines and system components without much effort. Third, increased security. This factor is manifested in the fact that even with an emergency supply of fuel (gas or liquid carriers in the form of gasoline or diesel fuel, for a diesel boiler house), the likelihood of smoke and open flames entering the room is virtually excluded.

Another important property that a roof boiler house has is environmental safety and preference over other types of boiler houses. The fact is that being on the roof, gases have greater access to the open atmosphere, so their removal is much easier compared to conventional gas outlets, in which combustion gases are literally forced up the pipe.

Recently, an experiment was conducted that showed how much more profitable it is to use such heating systems. The analysis was mainly based on the indicator of the cost of thermal energy. The results showed that when producing 1 Gcal of energy with a roof heating system, we save about 20% in relation to heating with another type of boiler house.

Types of roof boilers

The type of building, its technical and operational characteristics, purpose and condition determine the type of a suitable roof boiler:

• built-in type;
• Block - modular type.

If the boiler room needs to be installed on an already built building, block-modular roof boiler rooms are used. They are used during the overhaul of houses where the heating system needs a complete overhaul.

The project of such a structure is created on the basis of the technical characteristics of the structure. The finished boiler room is delivered to the site and installed at a specific location.

Before proceeding with the installation of a block-modular boiler house, they prepare the roof covering:

Specialists check the condition of the bearing walls and the main elements of the building;

A protective coating is applied to the place where the boiler room is planned to be located. As such a coating, a concrete pad with a thickness of at least 20 cm is used.

Measures are being taken to strengthen sound insulation and ensure safety requirements (installation of railings on the roof).

Thermal power plants are connected to the heating network of the building. And already on the spot, the operating mode, the distribution of the coolant are regulated, the connection to the heating and water supply system is made.

The latest developments in the field of boiler equipment have provided for a block-modular design system and the presence of a room for staff.

Tips & Tricks

The experience of operating Russian and foreign heating equipment makes it possible to formulate a number of tips and recommendations, taking into account which will help to avoid additional costs and ensure a comfortable standard of living:

• Installing a voltage stabilizer will protect the electronic boards or automation of the heating boiler from failure due to power surges. Such boards are not subject to repair, and the cost of replacement can reach 30% of the price of the entire boiler
• A sewer drain with a ladder in the floor of the boiler room will help to avoid flooding of the premises in the event of a coolant leakage or an accident in the water supply circuit
• Installation of a boiler house in a private house with the installation of a heating control system for outdoor or room temperature brings significant savings in the form of reduced fuel costs. The size of such savings over a time period of two to three years exceeds the cost of additional costs for the installation of such automation.
• When using antifreeze, it must be remembered that not all boiler manufacturers allow it to be used in their products. Using it in boilers of such manufacturers may lead to the loss of warranty obligations.
• Aluminum and copper make up a galvanic pair, which leads to accelerated corrosion of the compounds of these metals. For this reason, contact of aluminum radiators in the boiler room with the copper pipe of the heating circuit should be avoided.
• In the absence of automatic temperature control for individual rooms, it is advisable to install adjustable valves with thermostatic heads on radiators. This solution automatically maintains the set temperature
• An important role in the layout of equipment is played by the requirement of its maintainability. Easy and convenient access to all elements when urgent repair or replacement of equipment in a boiler room in a private house is necessary - a guarantee of quick and easy troubleshooting and accidents

Negative attitude of housing and communal services

Most often, all well-known heat supply organizations are absolutely against the fact that residents of apartment buildings install autonomous gas heating for themselves, even if the house was originally calculated specifically for a centralized heating system. In the case when one of the residents nevertheless decided to install an autonomous boiler for himself, he knocks down the balance of the entire heating system in a residential building.

In addition, there are cases in which, during the separation and installation of personal heating in a house where there are apartments from the post-Soviet era, there are numerous violations of safety requirements and paperwork.

As a result, those residents who are separated from the general heating system receive economically beneficial living conditions, while the rest suffer negative consequences.

Economically favorable living conditions

There is a huge drawback - a violation of the hydraulic balance. Therefore, certain apartments heat their premises quite strongly, while the rest, on the contrary, sit in the cold. In such situations, thermal workers intervene and try to fix the entire heating system. There is also the so-called environmental nuance.

Of course, if individual heating is installed, which is designed for the entire building, and is considered an old structure that provides for a chimney, this is good. But the whole problem is that today every multi-storey building of this type is not designed for ventilation ducts, they are only in the toilet room and in the kitchen.

Most often, residents install gas boilers without chimneys, but with a coaxial pipe that runs under the window through the wall. This pipe serves to remove the products of gas combustion. As a result, the products of gas combustion (carbon and carbon monoxide, oxides of a combination of sulfur) through the open windows of the owner of the apartment enter his own apartment or the premises of neighbors. Today, heating boilers are equipped with a closed chamber of combustion products, but this does not give a 100% result of protection against negative consequences.

Arrangement of a room for a boiler

It is best to install a wall-mounted gas appliance in a kitchen, the layout of which meets the standards for the placement of such equipment. Also in this room there is already a supply of both water and gas.

Here's what the norms for installing a gas boiler in an apartment look like:

1. The area of ​​the room where the installation of equipment is planned, when the ceilings in it are not lower than 2.5 meters, must exceed four square meters.
2. It is mandatory to have a window that opens. Its area should be 0.3 square meters. m. per 10 cubic meters of volume. For example, the dimensions of the room are 3x3 meters with a ceiling height of 2.5 meters. The volume will be 3x3 x2.5 = 22.5 m3. This means that the area at the window cannot be less than 22.5: 10 x 0.3 \u003d 0.675 square meters. m. This parameter for a standard window is 1.2x0.8 \u003d 0.96 square meters. m. It will do, but the presence of a transom or window is required.
3. The width of the front door cannot be less than 80 centimeters.
4. There must be ventilation holes located under the ceiling.

Types of roof boilers

The most acceptable option for placing such a boiler house is a flat roof structure. For these sources of heat supply, installations are provided: built-in and block-modular boiler house (BMK).

BMK

Block-modular gas-fired boilers are supplied in a complete factory set. They come to the customer in essence with 100% readiness, therefore they are launched as soon as possible. Modern rooftop boilers operate throughout the year in automatic mode for heating and hot water and do not need permanent operational personnel.

All boiler equipment is selected according to the design technological parameters and complies with the current legislation in terms of ensuring safe operation. The block includes boilers taking into account peak power, pumps for heating and hot water, fans and smoke exhausters, chimneys, primary thermal process control devices and an automatic control system.BMK is equipped with high-quality insulation and reliable supply and exhaust ventilation.

Embedded

An integrated roof boiler in an apartment building is built according to an individual project, in which each element of the thermal scheme is carefully calculated to create a safe and efficient heating system.

The boiler room is most often made of prefabricated sandwich structures or standard reinforced concrete products. The assembly of the thermal scheme of the boiler house is carried out on site, due to precisely selected equipment, developed schemes of the built-in boiler house, according to the design specifications for equipment and materials.

The assembly is carried out by the customer of the object or, under a separate agreement, with the installation organization. The scheme of a rooftop boiler house in a built-in apartment building includes gas boilers, taking into account the reserve, pumping equipment, a smoke exhaust and ventilation system, chemical water treatment and instrumentation.

Typically, such boiler houses are mounted within a few days, then the process of setting up the boiler equipment and the final stage of commissioning the boiler room begins.

Built-in boiler rooms

The main distinguishing feature of a built-in or stationary boiler room is the technical and structural compliance with the building itself. That is, the room with its constituent components is similar to the building structures that form the house itself. If the building is made of panels or bricks, then the boiler room is made in the same way.In a sense, this is the same technical room, only focused specifically on the needs of heating. Another sign may be the fact that the design of the house itself, in which an autonomous roof boiler room is installed, provided for such a possibility. This could manifest itself in the calculation of the bearing capacity of the walls, and in the choice of insulating materials, and in the creation of contours for the same gasification. Not to mention the fact that the designers could consciously refuse to introduce the pipeline into the walls for one reason or another and relied on strengthening the upper floor.

Advantages and disadvantages of an autonomous boiler house

So, you are thinking about the possibility of installing your own boiler room, which would heat the entire apartment building and supply hot water to each of the apartments. What strengths and weaknesses do you need to be aware of in order to make the right decision that will not make you repent in the future?

Scheme of the heating system in an apartment building

To begin with, it is worth talking about the shortcomings, since there are much fewer of them.

1. The high initial cost of the project is the purchase of the equipment itself, its installation and the connection of communications to each of the apartments. Yes, initially each of the owners of an apartment in the house will have to invest a considerable amount so that the team of tenants can make such an expensive purchase. Many of the owners can simply refuse such a significant expense, albeit a one-time one.
2. The need to maintain the entire system in working order. If, when connecting to a heating plant, all the responsibilities for maintaining the equipment fall on the shoulders of the specialists of the company providing services, now, in case of any breakdown, you will have to solve the problem on your own.This means that it will be necessary to hire specialists who will conduct regular inspections of equipment, and if breakdowns are detected, they will be repaired. This can bring unnecessary hassle and financial costs.

On this, the main disadvantages of an autonomous boiler house are exhausted. Of course, they are very significant, which is why today not every house has a mini-boiler room installed. But still, the number of such mini-boilers is growing rapidly. Why? Due to the following advantages of independent heating.

1. Full independence from city monopolists in housing and communal services. Everyone is well aware that in every city there is only one company that provides heating and hot water services to residential apartment buildings. And they can almost uncontrollably increase the cost of their services. If you install your own boiler house, then the monopolists will no longer have leverage over you.
2. Minimizing heat loss. As practice shows, passing through many kilometers of heating mains, the coolant (hot water) loses up to 30% of the heat received (depending on the distance from the city boiler house).

An example of heat loss in an apartment building

And end users also have to pay for this heat. In autonomous heating systems, heat losses are measured in fractions of a percent. So already due to this, the payment is reduced by a third.

1. A boiler room that heats one house, not thousands, is easy to set up. If the apartments get too hot, you can easily reduce fuel consumption, and on frosty days - increase it. Thanks to this, the temperature in the rooms will always be optimal, suiting each of the inhabitants.You do not have to ventilate the premises, lowering the temperature and at the same time releasing heat into the street, for which a lot of money has been paid. But at the same time, you do not have to use additional heat sources (electric heaters) to maintain a sufficiently high temperature in the apartment.
2. In order for the boiler room of an apartment building to be kept in perfect order, it is enough to hire one dispatcher who monitors the readings of all devices, as well as one or two incoming servicemen who are involved only when breakdowns are detected. If your house is connected to the city heating main, you will have to pay for the services of not only dozens (or even hundreds) of ordinary installers, but also hundreds of accountants, directors, their deputies, secretaries, drivers and many others. This also saves a lot of money.
3. In most cases, heating of houses connected to the city heating plant starts on October 15 and ends by April 15. And even if autumn and spring are unusually cold or warm for a given area, no one will change the start and end dates of the heating season.
   Therefore, in the off-season, it is often too hot or too cold in apartments. The presence of an autonomous boiler room allows you to turn on and off the heating exactly when it is needed. Most often, such decisions are made by the council of the tenants of the house. Of course, this allows not only to reduce heating costs, but also to maintain the optimum temperature in the premises, regardless of the temperature outside the walls of the house.

What conclusion can be drawn from all of the above?

But it allows you to save a lot of money every month.Therefore, all initial costs will be compensated fairly quickly, and very soon you will notice that you have free money that used to go to pay utility bills.

When is a rooftop boiler needed?

The best aspects of such autonomous heating made it possible to use them in different cases. First of all, the roof boiler room is used when there is not enough free space near the building. With the current dense development of the largest cities, firms have to use such models. In addition, due to the installation of a roof boiler house, low-rise construction becomes completely autonomous. Some unique cottage designs consider this heating option because it provides the right amount of power without taking up free space.

As a result of this, it is not difficult to meet a rooftop boiler room now. They are installed in many residential areas or cottage settlements, becoming an indispensable part of the construction of houses.

Disconnection from central heating

Is it possible to install individual heating in the apartment? As a rule, in order to transfer to individual heating in an apartment building, it is enough to submit an application for refusal of centralized heating, obtain consent for this and submit an application for the installation of individual heating in an apartment to the district branch of the power grid.

How much does individual heating cost in an apartment? Sometimes this type of heating is not always cost-effective and the cost of individual heating in an apartment can be even more expensive than conventional heating in an apartment building.

Another thing is a gas boiler, but its arrangement requires compliance with many formalities:

You need to submit an application to the gas industry.
Obtain a document from the fire department confirming the health of the ventilation and chimney.

Obtain written permission from neighbors for individual heating in the apartment

This is important, because when switching to individual heating in an apartment, the refusal of central heating can lead to system failures. You need to find out who is in charge of the pipes and batteries. If they are in the household, then special permission will be required from the neighbors. In the event that they are in the public services department, you will need to apply to them with a request to turn off

You need to find out who is in charge of the pipes and batteries. If they are in the household, then special permission will be required from the neighbors. In the event that they are in the public services department, you will need to apply to them with a request to turn it off.

In the city heating network, obtain permission to draw up and approve the scheme before transferring the apartment to individual heating.

As “sad” statistics show, it takes from 3 to 6 months to process documents for individual heating in an apartment building in an apartment.

Only after receiving all the permits and certificates in your hands, you can proceed to dismantle the old system and install an individual heating system in the apartment. As “sad” statistics show, it takes from 3 to 6 months to process documents for individual heating in an apartment building in an apartment.

Sometimes it happens that the gas industry refuses to install the boiler, since the technical characteristics of the system are not able to create the pressure necessary for it. In this case, you will have to look for alternative sources of heating.

The gas company must provide a technical passport for the boiler and a diagram indicating the place of its installation. Only after the gas boiler chosen for installation is approved and the conditions for its installation are agreed, you can switch to an individual heating system in the apartment.

The connection of individual gas heating in the apartment must be carried out by employees of the company supplying gas, and having the appropriate permissions for this.

No. 7. Modular boiler rooms

If it’s impossible to find a suitable room for a boiler room in the house, the extension seems unaesthetic, and it’s not possible to build a separate building, you can use special modular boiler rooms. They are produced ready-made, have the entire set of necessary elements, so the installation takes a minimum of time.

A modular boiler room is a metal container with a length of no more than 2.5 m. The walls in it are double, a special felt insulation is used between them. The power can be different, but usually such boiler houses are used to heat rooms with a volume of up to 1300 m3 (with a ceiling height of 2.7 m, this is about 480 m2). Depending on the type of boiler used, diesel, coal, wood, etc. are used as fuel.

A three-layer metal pipe with insulation leads from the modular boiler room to the house. The standard length is 6 m, but it can be increased. Installation of such equipment is simple.It just needs to be installed near the house (if necessary, then the boiler room can be moved to another place), connected to electricity and fill the heating system with water. As a rule, such equipment is provided with a backup power supply.

Regulations

A boiler room in a private house is an object of increased explosion and fire hazard. The standards provide for measures aimed at increasing the reliability of these premises, preventing accidents and destruction of building structures in the event of a gas leak.

When designing and installing gas heating, they are guided by:

• instruction MDS 41.2-2000 for the placement of boilers;
• SNiP 2.04.08-87 p.6.29-48;
• SP 41-104-2000 chapter 4;
• SP 42-101-2003 item 6.17-25;
• SP 62.13330.2011 point 7;
• SP 60.13330.2012 clause 6.6;
• SP 55.13330.2011 clause 6.12.

The standards are developed for boiler houses, where automated factory-made units serve as a source of thermal energy. They are designed for a maximum coolant temperature of 115°C and a network pressure not exceeding 1 MPa. Rostekhnadzor issues a special permit for the use of equipment on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Rules and regulations for installing a gas boiler in a private house

The norms regulate design solutions and layout when placing gas equipment in country estates:

Boilers are not allowed to be installed in a room with a height below 2.5 m. The minimum volume of the furnace is regulated - 15 m³. With these characteristics, the area of ​​​​the technical room is 6 m². The recommended size for easy maintenance of the heat generator is 7-10 m².

If additional equipment is installed in the room or the room is used for domestic purposes (laundry, ironing), the area is increased to 12 m².

The boiler room in a private house is fenced off from neighboring rooms with walls or partitions made of non-combustible materials. Finishing should also not support combustion.

In wooden houses belonging to objects of increased fire hazard, the boiler is installed at a distance of 400 mm from the walls. This restriction applies to wood furniture and other flammable items.

If screens made of asbestos cardboard sheathed with roofing steel are used, the distance can be reduced by 2 times. In this case, the condition must be observed - the protection is 25 mm away from easily combustible structures and extends beyond the horizontal dimensions of the equipment by 150 mm, beyond the upper surface - by 300 mm.

Natural lighting is a mandatory standard for boiler rooms. Norms do not limit the height of windows and do not dictate their geometric shape. The glazing area is calculated taking into account the volume of the room. It is 0.03 m² per 1 m³ of the boiler room.

For a room with a volume of 15 m³, the required glazing size is 0.45 m². This is the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe middle opening 60x80 cm. The norm does not provide for good lighting. Clearance is needed to perceive the shock wave in case of a possible explosion and to save building structures from destruction.

With a glass thickness of 3 mm, its minimum area is 0.8 m², 4 mm - 1 m², with 5 mm - at least 1.5 m².

The boiler room is provided with natural ventilation and smoke removal. Depending on the model of the unit, it may be forced. The chimney pipe is brought to a mark above the roof level.

The location of the boiler room is taken into account in the space-planning decision of the house. All technical premises are located on the north or east side. In the southern and western parts of the building, it is better to plan living rooms.

For convenient maintenance, it is recommended to group the boiler room with other rooms containing technical equipment - a bathroom, a kitchen, a garage.

The boiler room provides for the supply of water and the possibility of its removal when draining from the system. It is forbidden to install an electrical panel nearby so as not to cross the electrical wiring and water communications.