Overview of modern energy-saving heating systems

Passive solar heating

One of the most economical ways to heat a new home is to use passive solar heating. This heating is carried out without the use of mechanical devices such as pumps, drives or fans.It doesn't require plumbing or electricity, just clear weather and low winter sun so that the heat from the south-facing windows keeps the house warm during the winter months. Internal heat is typically absorbed during the day by concrete floors, plaster or brick walls and released at night, keeping the home at a comfortable temperature.

A passive solar house must be airtight and well insulated. For this, special low-emission (energy-efficient) windows are used, which retain the received heat in winter and reflect heat from the outside in summer.

Passive solar design saves 50 to 80% on heating costs in sunny areas. Unfortunately, in the conditions of the Russian climate, this scheme does not work well. Much more heat is lost through windows than is taken in by the sun. It is clear that this method is suitable for building a new house, and it must be provided for in the project from the very beginning. Adding passive solar heating features to an existing home is much more difficult. The construction of such a house will cost more than usual, but in the future it will significantly save on heating.

In fact, there are many options for heating systems, so the biggest problem is choosing the most optimal one. But the use of energy-efficient home heating and more environmentally friendly technologies is worth the effort of selection, purchase and installation.

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The essence of energy saving

To begin with, we want to reveal one small secret. You may be surprised, but any electric heaters are energy efficient.After all, what does this term mean for an apparatus that releases thermal energy? It means that the energy contained in the fuel or electricity is converted by the boiler or heater into heat as efficiently as possible, and the degree of this efficiency is characterized by the efficiency of the unit.

So, all electrical appliances for space heating have an efficiency of 98-99%, not a single heat source that burns different types of fuel can boast of such an indicator. Even in practice, the so-called energy-saving electric heating systems produce 98-99 W of heat, using 100 W of electricity. We repeat, this statement is true for any electric heaters - from cheap fan heaters to the most expensive infrared systems and boilers.

A truly energy-saving heating system is a heat pump or solar panel. But there are no miracles here either, these devices simply take energy from the environment and transfer it to the house, practically without spending electricity from the network, for which you have to pay. Another thing is that such installations are very expensive, and our goal is to consider, as an example, the available market novelties declared as energy-saving. These include:

• infrared heating systems;
• induction energy-saving electric boilers for heating.

PLEN is a worthy alternative

Film radiant electric heaters are one of the most interesting developments in the field of energy-saving heating technologies. PLEN systems are economical, efficient and quite capable of replacing traditional types of heating. The heaters are placed in a special heat-resistant film. PLEN is attached to the ceiling.

The film radiant electric heater is an integral structure consisting of power cables, heaters, a foil shield and a high-strength film

The principle of operation of such a system

Infrared radiation heats the floor and objects in the rooms, which in turn give off heat to the air. Thus, the floor and furniture also play the role of additional heaters. Due to this, the heating system consumes less electricity and gives maximum results.

Automation is responsible for maintaining the desired temperature - temperature sensors and a thermostat. The systems are electrically and fireproof, do not dry out the air in the premises, and operate silently. Since heating occurs predominantly by radiation and to a lesser extent by convection, PLENs do not contribute to the spread of dust. The systems are very hygienic.

Another important advantage is the absence of emission of toxic combustion products. Systems do not need special care, harmless to human health, do not poison the environment

With ceiling infrared heating, the warmest zone is at the level of the legs and torso of a person, which makes it possible to achieve the most comfortable temperature regime. The life of the system can be 50 years.

The infrared heater performs approximately 10% of the space heating work. 90% falls on the floor and large furniture. They accumulate and give off heat, thus becoming part of the heating system.

What makes PLAN so profitable?

The buyer bears the greatest expenses at the time of purchasing the film heater. The design is easy to install, and if desired, you can install it yourself. This saves on employees.The system does not require maintenance. Its design is simple, therefore durable and reliable. It pays off in about 2 years and can serve for decades.

Its biggest plus is significant savings on electricity. The heater quickly warms up the room and then simply maintains the set temperature. If necessary, it can be easily removed and mounted in another room, which is very convenient and beneficial in case of moving.

Infrared radiation has a positive effect on human health, activates the body's defenses. By installing PLEN, the owner of the house, in addition to heating, additionally receives a real physiotherapy room

Smart home control system

Automatic devices of the "Smart Home" complex can make a huge contribution to saving energy sources used to generate heat.

The maximum level of efficiency can be achieved by choosing a system equipped with a number of additional features, namely:

• weather-dependent control;
• temperature sensor installed indoors;
• the possibility of external control with the provided data exchange;
• outline priority.

Consider all of the above benefits in more detail.

Weather-dependent temperature control in the house involves adjusting the level of heating of the coolant depending on the outside temperature. If frost hits outside, the water in the radiator will be somewhat hotter than usual. At the same time, when warming, heating will be carried out less intensively.

The absence of such a function often leads to an excessive increase in the air temperature in the rooms.This not only leads to energy overruns, but is also not very comfortable for the inhabitants of the house.

Touch control panels provide a choice of energy-saving mode options, which allows you to quickly and easily adjust the temperature in the house

The room temperature sensor is needed not only to control the maintenance of the automatically set temperature. As a rule, this device is combined with a regulator, which allows, if necessary, to increase or decrease the heating.

An external temperature sensor is an indispensable part of most Smart Home control units. Such devices must be installed indoors, and if heat is supplied floor by floor, then on each floor

The thermostat can be programmed to lower the temperature in the rooms during certain hours, for example, when the inhabitants of the house leave for work, which contributes to significant savings in heating costs.

Priority of heating circuits in case of simultaneous operation of various devices. So, when the boiler is turned on, the control unit disconnects auxiliary circuits and other devices from the heat supply.

Due to this, the power of the boiler house is reduced, which allows reducing fuel costs, as well as evenly distributing the load over a given period of time.

The climate control system, which links the control of air conditioning, heating, power supply, ventilation into a single network, not only increases comfort in the house and minimizes the risk of emergency situations, but also saves energy.

Climate control actuators that regulate all functions of maintaining temperature parameters in a room are usually hidden from view, for example, they are placed in a manifold cabinet

We use heat wisely

Automation of the system

You also need to manage the generated energy wisely. The number one task is to generate exactly as much heat as necessary. Indeed, for seven months of the heating season, the temperature on the street changes in the range of several tens of degrees, sharp jumps are possible during the day. Here you can not do without automation, which, according to the readings of temperature sensors (including those located on the street), switches the boiler to light modes. By timely reducing and increasing the power of the equipment, instead of manipulating the vents and covering the radiators with blankets, it will be possible to avoid unnecessary costs, which are quite impressive for old boilers operating on the “on / off” principle.

You can save resources well by using timer programming for heating devices. Suppose you can lower the temperature in the rooms by a few degrees at night, when everyone is sleeping, or in the middle of the day, when no one is in the house. If the heating system includes an electric heat source (which is powered by a multi-tariff meter), then it makes sense to activate this heat generator at night.

In this house, underfloor heating will be the main source of heating.

Wiring Features

And you also need to deliver heat exactly where you need it, and in the required amount.Of course, it is very desirable to make thermal and hydraulic calculations in order to choose the correct wiring diagram, the optimal pipe section in all sections, the type and number of radiators based on their results. But for accurate balancing of the system, it is required to install a control valve or a thermal head on each heater. So in all living rooms it will be possible to install equally comfortable for people mode without "overheating", and, for example, in utility rooms - significantly reduce the temperature.

Battery temperature controllers are very functional

Some bonuses can be obtained if you choose the method of connecting radiators without errors

It is the radiator, and not the mains, that should be the main heat exchanger in the rooms. Therefore, in order to prevent energy dissipation in arbitrary places, it is recommended to insulate the pipes with sleeves made of foamed polymers, and between them and the enclosing structures, sheet materials that reflect / stop heat should be laid.

The principle of operation of the air recovery system

Water solar collectors

Solar hot water systems consist of solar collectors, which are usually installed on the roof of the house, a storage tank (usually located in the basement or utility room) and pipes that connect them. The heat transfer fluid (water or non-toxic antifreeze (propylene glycol)) is circulated by a pump through the solar collectors, where it is heated by the sun. Then it goes back to the tank, where, through a heat exchanger, the heat is transferred to the water in another tank, from which it is used in the house.

A larger number of solar collectors and the installation of large tanks allows this system to be used for heating houses. Solar thermal systems can be connected to a new or existing underfloor heating or supply system. However, to obtain a higher water temperature for radiant floor heating, special high-temperature collectors are needed.

Solar home heating systems work well in a variety of climates, are quiet, and do not contribute to indoor air pollution. They can be installed both in new buildings and in reconstructed ones, they require little electricity for the operation of pumps and electronic control systems. However, before installation, the cost-effectiveness of the installation in a particular area should be carefully checked.

One of the main disadvantages of solar thermal heating systems is that they produce an excess of hot water during the sunny season. Sometimes excess heat is discharged using a specially designed pipeline buried in the ground. In areas with short winters and hot summers, such a system can be a big problem in the warm season.

Monolithic quartz modules

This heating method has no analogues. It was invented by S. Sargsyan. The principle of operation of thermal electric heaters is based on the ability of quartz sand to accumulate and release heat well. The appliances continue to heat the air in the room even after a power outage. Systems with monolithic quartz electric heating modules are reliable, easy to use, do not require special care and maintenance.

The heating element in the module is completely protected from any external influences.Thanks to this, the heating system can be mounted in rooms of any purpose. The term of operation is not limited. Temperature control is carried out automatically. Devices are fireproof, environmentally friendly.

Cost savings when using electric heating modules is about 50%. This became possible because the devices do not work 24 hours a day, but only 3-12. The time during which the module consumes electricity depends on the degree of thermal insulation of the room where it is installed. The higher the heat loss, the greater the energy consumption. Heating of this type is used in private houses, offices, shops, hotels.

Monolithic quartz electric heating modules do not emit noise during operation, do not burn air, do not raise dust. The heating element is monolithic in the design and is not afraid of any external influences

The choice of the most profitable home heating

Every developer dreams that the heating system of a private house is economical. You can save on 3 key things:

1. Financial. Make an inexpensive heating option
2. Savings in terms of heating system
3. Savings in terms of modern technologies

Before installing heating, you need to decide:

1. What will the house be used for? Will you live in it permanently or come periodically. The payback period of the heating system depends on this. It may be useful to mount an economical heating option.
2. What is the key for you: save on heating now or lay the heating of a private house in the future.
3. Decide which fuel will perform a key function

Electricity

Separately, it is worth mentioning the electric form of heating.The very word "electricity" has firmly entered our everyday life. The area of ​​electricity use in the world is approaching one hundred percent.

Therefore, as an option, you can use heating systems that are fully powered by electricity. In some cases, it may be advisable to install, for example, electric underfloor heating, heated towel rails in bathrooms, small radiators.

However, electricity is constantly growing in price, and this factor must be taken into account when installing electrical heating devices rationally.

It is also especially important to observe electrical safety measures, to install such equipment with the help of qualified specialists.

Principles of energy efficient heating systems

The basis of energy saving is fuel economy, system maintenance costs and the maintenance of the entire technical infrastructure. Therefore, technologists come up with different ways to save, simplify, make the organization of heating in the house more comfortable. For example, double combustion chambers are built for boilers, or materials with increased heat transfer are characteristic of conventional radiator installations.

But heating systems without pipes and boilers are gaining even more popularity. The basis of such heating is panel heat transfer. Modern systems will be like that, moreover, these devices will be improved, the future belongs to them. Here the principle of rational accumulation of generated energy operates. That is, not only the consumed energy resource is reduced, but also the structural element base.

It turns out that a set of emitter plates, quite compact, are installed in the house. They save space, but still generate the required amount of heat as a system with pipes.In this regard, stove systems are more energy efficient.

Alternative heat sources

Progress does not stand still and every year there are more and more various economical heating systems and not very economical ones. They can replace the usual traditional types of home heating, as well as save money.

This system is interesting in that it does not heat the air, but walls, furniture, that is, surfaces. This is economy heating, and such a system will save up to 30% of electricity. The warm skirting system works by heating water using heating elements. For example, a 12 meter skirting board will require only four liters of water.

Baseboard heating

Modern economical heating systems used to heat private houses

Infrared heating systems

The method is very convenient, but laborious, there is no need to lay pipes and install boilers, the savings are about 60% if we take into account the usual payment for heating

Infrared ceiling heaters

• Air systems. If you ask the question which heating is more economical, then, in principle, air systems can be cited as an example. This is quite economical, gas air heaters and pipes are used, through which heat enters the house. They have many benefits. In order to prevent dust from rising along with the heated air, there are filters that purify the air. Energy saving heating installation. Converts electricity into heat, but does not consume much electricity.
• Infrared film for heating. New from foreign manufacturers.It is used as a floor covering, it is quite economical do-it-yourself heating. But you need to take into account that you can’t lay or put anything on this film, even carpets.

Infrared floor heating

Solar panels. For those who live in the sunny parts of our country, and the world, this is just an ideal option. It will save a lot of money, you will not need to pay for hot water every month, you will have it all year round. You will not worry about turning off the heating or hot water. And also you will always have electricity. Now it has become popular to install solar panels on the roofs of houses, they can also serve as an additional source of power supply, if the power suddenly goes out, they will help support the operation of heaters, boilers, you can watch TV, use various household appliances, charge your phone and much more. You will be practically independent both from suppliers of hot water and heating, and from power engineers, which will significantly save you money, nerves and time, and make life easier.

Solar heating system

Modern heating systems

1. mini radiators. One of the novelties, so far little known, is a system that uses mini-radiators installed under the baseboard. Such equipment allows you to effectively warm up the premises without taking up precious space and without affecting the interior.

The principle of operation of mini-radiators is based on the fact that they do not heat the air, but transfer heat to surrounding objects. They, in turn, contribute to the heating of the air. As a result, the entire room is evenly heated, and at the same time, you can save up to 30% of electricity.Thus, it is not only convenient, but also economical heating for the home (more details: "Economical boilers for heating a private house").

Inside the system are heating elements that heat running water. The equipment uses a small amount of water - for a plinth 12 meters long, 4 liters of coolant is enough. Manufacturers give a guarantee on their products for 3-5 years.

Infrared heaters. They allow you to save up to 60% of electricity, and they do not take up much space. For space heating with the help of such devices, the installation of boilers and pipe laying is not required.

Therefore, if you are interested in how to save on heating, then you should pay attention to infrared heaters - they consume a small amount of electricity, but are easy to install and do not require expensive communications

Infrared film allows you to improve the indoor climate without consuming a lot of electricity. However, it is not enough to effectively heat the house, it can only be used as an additional source of heat.

The system of "warm floors", based on the use of infrared film, solves such a problem as a cold surface underfoot. Therefore, warm floors are often made in bathrooms, children's rooms. These are economical heating systems that complement the main heat source well. However, when laying the film, it is necessary to ensure that it is not under furniture, carpets and household appliances.

Air systems. They were invented about 70 years ago, although in our country they became known only recently.The principle of operation of such devices is as follows: in gas heaters, the air temperature rises, and then the heat enters the house through the pipes, and the cooled air follows back. The operation of such systems does not require large financial costs. As for the dust that rises with the air, there are filters in the air systems that trap even the smallest particles.

Wood heating

Since ancient times, wood has been widely used for heating houses: it is a renewable resource available to the population. It is not necessary to use full-fledged trees, you can also heat the room with wood waste: brushwood, branches, shavings. For such fuel, there are wood-burning stoves - a prefabricated structure made of cast iron or welded from steel. True, such devices have negative characteristics that prevent their widespread use:

1. The most environmentally friendly heaters. During the combustion of fuel, toxic substances are released in large quantities.
2. Firewood is required.
3. Cleaning of burnt ash is required.
4. The most flammable heaters. If you do not know the technique of cleaning chimneys, a fire may occur.
5. The room in which the stove is installed is heated, while in other rooms the air remains cool for a long time.

Modern energy-saving heating systems: advanced technologies

Modern heating installations should save both money and energy. Therefore, each innovative tool is created taking into account these conditions.

For a private house, you can use various heating systems. Among them, fuel, gas and electricity (electric heating) are the most common.

Consider advanced technologies that can replace traditional energy sources:

1. Solar systems (geothermal systems). They allow the use of solar energy. Now solar systems are gaining great popularity and are becoming more accessible and diverse. This is a promising energy saving technology.
2. Thermal panels. It is also a very effective energy saver. These panels are easy to use, safe and functional. They are not afraid of water and dust and can become a good part of the interior.
3. PLEN. Energy efficient heating system PLEN can replace both gas and electricity. These heaters work due to infrared radiation, but they are absolutely harmless and safe.

Each of the innovative energy saving tools described above is easy to use, despite some difference in price and physical parameters. If desired, any selected system can be installed by hand.

New items on the heating systems market do not appear often, so you should not worry about the possible obsolescence of the product you have chosen.

Efficient heating: PLEN and solar system

New methods of energy supply are inferior in many respects to geothermal systems or the PLEN system.

Solar systems are very promising and will soon be used in various public institutions, in private homes, in the city lighting system. In developed regions of the country, they are already actively abandoning central heating, because it brings more trouble and costs.

• The liquid in the collector is heated by the sun.
• The coolant enters the tank and gives off its heat.
• The liquid cools down and is sent back to the battery.

As for the PLEN system, it works due to infrared radiation - it converts electromagnetic energy into heat. Objects that fall under the PLEN waves heat up and give off their heat. At the same time, the air humidity does not change, although the PLEN system is most effective in rooms with good air exchange.

This method of heating is already used in childcare facilities, offices, industrial buildings and private homes.

If you want an energy efficient home, don't be afraid to invest in a PLEN or solar system, they will pay for themselves quickly (in about a year) and will not bring much trouble. In addition, they are absolutely safe, easy to install, do not require additional maintenance.

For an energy-saving house, such heating systems are very profitable and, despite the apparent complexity of the work, they are simple and, no less important, durable (up to 30-50 years of operation)

Buy solar collectors

Use of electric convectors

If, despite the fact that electricity cannot be called the most economical of all types of heating, you still decide to use this option, then convectors that can be installed both on walls and on the floor will be an excellent solution. In the latter case, the device can be moved from room to room, making it mobile. Among the additional advantages, absolute safety can be distinguished, since the devices have protection against overheating, and their case does not heat up so much, the temperature does not exceed 80 degrees.

Considering that convectors cannot be called the most economical, it is best to purchase devices with built-in thermostats to reduce electricity bills, which make the system the most economical during operation. In terms of functionality, such units are the most innovative, which is associated with the use of an additional control unit. But as for the price, the convector will cost about 3000-7000 rubles. for the heater. If we expect that one device is required for one room, then the cost of such a heating system will cost about 20,000 rubles. Economical electric heating convectors can meet expectations if the house is small enough, and you choose the device taking into account the presence of a thermostat in it.

Solar panels. Working principle of solar heating system

Solar heating can also be included in the list where all the new technologies for home heating are present. In this case, not only photovoltaic panels, but also solar collectors can be used for heating. Photovoltaic panels have practically fallen out of use, since collector-type batteries have a much higher efficiency indicator.

Heating the latest heating systems for a private house, which are powered by solar energy, include components such as a collector - a device consisting of a series of tubes, these tubes are attached to a tank that is filled with coolant.

Heating scheme with solar collectors

According to their design features, solar collectors can be of the following varieties: vacuum, flat or air.Sometimes a component such as a pump can be included in such modern heating systems of a country house. It will be designed to provide mandatory circulation along the coolant circuit. This will contribute to more efficient heat transfer.

In order for solar heating technology to be the most efficient, some rules must be followed. Firstly, such new technologies for heating a country house can only be used in regions where it is sunny at least 15-20 days a year. If this indicator is lower, then additional new types of heating of a private house should be installed. The second rule dictates that the collectors be placed as high as possible. You need to orient them so that they absorb as much solar heat as possible.

The most optimal angle of the collector to the horizon is considered to be 30-45 0 .

To prevent unnecessary heat loss, it is necessary to insulate all pipes that connect the heat exchanger to the solar collectors.

Thus, we see that the development of technology does not stand still, and novelties in home heating are as much a necessity as the modernization of equipment that we use every day.

Innovations in the heating system use something completely new and unusual for us - thermal energy from different sources.

Modern types of heating a private house sometimes amaze the imagination, however, in modern times, each of us can already purchase or make such modern heating for a country house or a private one with our own hands.New in heating a private house are efficient systems that continue to develop the field of heating equipment, and we hope that all the most effective options are yet to come.

The heating system in a newly built house is the basis for many other activities in private homes. After all, it is heating that is the condition under which it is possible to carry out internal finishing work and the construction and installation of communications. This process is especially necessary when the construction of a house is delayed and all activities related to internal work fall on the cold season.

The scheme of heating the house with a gas boiler.

Many homeowners are forced to put them off due to the fact that the houses do not yet have an adequate heating system. Therefore, even at the stage of building a house, and even better before it, it is necessary to carefully consider all the options related to the organization of the heating system in the house. Depending on the style in which your house will be decorated and how often you intend to use the finished structure, it is necessary to select materials for construction and, accordingly, determine which heating system is suitable for these specific conditions. Both traditional and modern heating systems for private houses can be selected.

No. 7. Sources of electricity

An energy-efficient home should use electricity as economically as possible and, preferably, get it from renewable sources. To date, a lot of technologies have been implemented for this.

wind generator

Wind energy can be converted into electricity not only with large wind turbines, but also with the help of compact "home" wind turbines. In windy areas, such installations are able to fully provide electricity to a small house; in regions with low wind speeds, they are best used in conjunction with solar panels.

The force of the wind drives the blades of the windmill, which cause the rotor of the electricity generator to rotate. The generator produces an alternating unstable current, which is rectified in the controller. Batteries are charged there, which, in turn, are connected to inverters, where the direct voltage is converted into an alternating voltage used by the consumer.

Windmills can be with a horizontal and vertical axis of rotation. At one-time costs, they solve the problem of energy independence for a long time.

Solar battery

The use of sunlight for electricity generation is not so common, but in the near future the situation is in danger of changing dramatically. The principle of operation of a solar battery is very simple: a p-n junction is used to convert sunlight into electricity. The directed movement of electrons, provoked by solar energy, is electricity.

The designs and materials used are constantly being improved, and the amount of electricity directly depends on the illumination. So far, various modifications of silicon solar cells are the most popular, but new polymer film batteries, which are still under development, are becoming an alternative to them.

Energy saving

The resulting electricity must be able to spend wisely. The following solutions are useful for this:

• the use of LED lamps, which are twice as economical as fluorescent ones and almost 10 times more economical than conventional "Ilyich bulbs";
• use of energy-saving equipment of class A, A+, A++, etc. Although it is initially slightly more expensive than the same devices with higher power consumption, in the future the savings will be significant;
• the use of presence sensors so that the light in the rooms does not burn in vain, and other smart systems, which were mentioned above;
• if you had to use electricity for heating, then it is better to replace conventional radiators with more advanced systems. These are thermal panels that consume two times less electricity than traditional systems, which is achieved through the use of a heat-accumulating coating. Similar savings are provided by monolithic quartz modules, the principle of which is based on the ability of quartz sand to accumulate and retain heat. Another option is film radiant electric heaters. They are mounted on the ceiling, and infrared radiation heats the floor and objects in the room, thereby achieving an optimal indoor climate and saving electricity.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The video below shows one of the most effective ways to save energy - the use of solar collectors.

There are many different options for heating systems that consume a minimum of fossil raw materials. The main task of residents is to choose the most optimal energy-saving heating scheme.

Although the installation of such structures will require some funds, they will quickly pay for themselves, as they help to effectively save on heating costs.

Do you have experience with energy efficient heating systems? Please share information with readers. Comment on the publication, participate in discussions and ask questions on the topic. The feedback block is located below.